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Suzuki M, Hashimoto S, Sakamoto S, Kogen H, Kobayashi K. Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Epothilone D: Synthesis of the Thiazole-Containing Northern Segment. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epothilone D, a microtubule-stabilizing macrolide, is an attractive synthetic target molecule as a potential anti-cancer drug candidate. As part of our ongoing synthetic studies of this natural product, this paper describes the synthesis of the thiazole-containing northern segment of epothilone D via an E-selective bromomethylenation and a Ni/Cr-mediated cross-coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Shougo Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Shun Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kogen
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio, Kiyose, Japan
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Barthel A, Kaden F, Jäger A, Metz P. Enantioselective Synthesis of Guaianolides in the Osmitopsin Family by Domino Metathesis. Org Lett 2016; 18:3298-301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André Barthel
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Kaden
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Jäger
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Metz
- Fachrichtung Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie,
Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse
66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Burrell RC, Turley WA, Bonacorsi SJ. Synthesis of stable isotope-labeled epothilone D using a degradation-reconstruction approach. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 58:361-9. [PMID: 26158758 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The stabilization of microtubules using epothilones represents a novel mechanism of action to treat Alzheimer's disease. Epothilone D is one such microtubule-stabilizing drug that has been investigated by Bristol-Myers Squibb. An important step in the development process was the synthesis of a stable isotope-labeled analog for use in bioanalytical assays to accurately quantify the concentration of the drug in biological samples. A novel synthetic route to stable isotope-labeled epothilone D is described. The synthetic route was based on a strategy to degrade epothilone B and then use that key intermediate to reconstruct stable isotope-labeled epothilone D. Epothilone B was treated with potassium osmate and sodium periodate. The thiazole moiety in epothilone B was efficiently cleaved to give (1S,3S,7S,10R,11S,12S,16R)-3-acetyl-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione. The epoxide in the macrocyclic ring of that intermediate was cleanly removed by treatment with tungsten hexachloride and n-butyllithium to give the corresponding olefin (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S,Z)-16-acetyl-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyloxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione. Bis(triethylsilyl) protection produced (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S,Z)-16-acetyl-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-4,8-bis(triethylsilyloxy)-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione. This intermediate was coupled to a stable isotope-labeled thiazole using a Wittig reaction as the key step to provide (13)C5, (15)N-labeled epothilone D. In summary, the synthesis was completed in nine total steps, only six of which involved isotopically labeled reagents. A total of 168 mg of (13)C5, (15)N-labeled epothilone D was prepared in an 8% overall yield from (13)C2, (15)N-labeled thioacetamide and (13)C3-labeled ethyl bromopyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C Burrell
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Wesley A Turley
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT, 06492, USA
| | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
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Dasari B, Jimmidi R, Arya P. Selected hybrid natural products as tubulin modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 94:497-508. [PMID: 25455639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Modulators of microtubule dynamics have received increasing attention because of their potential to stop cancer growth. Although it belongs to the category of complex protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which are generally considered difficult to modulate through small molecules, the use of microtubule is considered a well-validated target. There are a number of bioactive natural products and related compounds that are currently in use as drugs or in clinical trials as next generation anti-cancer agents. The present review article is focused on two such bioactive natural products, epothilone and halichondrin B, and covers some of the key papers published after 2005 that outline various synthetic approaches to obtain next generation structural analogs as well as the synthesis of hybrid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhanudas Dasari
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Ravikumar Jimmidi
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Prabhat Arya
- Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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Abstract
Epothilones A and B are naturally occurring microtubule stabilizers with nanomolar or even sub-nanomolar activity against human cancer cells in vitro and potent in vivo antitumor activity against multidrug-resistant tumors. Over the last decade, ten epothilonetype agents have entered clinical trials in humans; of these, the epothilone B lactam ixabepilone (BMS-247550; Ixempra®) was approved by the FDA for breast cancer treatment in 2007. Numerous synthetic and semisynthetic analogs of epothilones have been prepared and their in vitro and (in selected cases) in vivo biological activity has been determined, producing a wealth of SAR information on this compound family. This chapter will provide a brief summary of the in vitro and in vivo biological properties of epothilone B (Epo B). The major part of the discussion will then be organized around those epothilone analogs that have entered clinical development. For each analog the underlying synthetic chemistry and the most important preclinical features will be reviewed, together with the properties of some important related structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schiess
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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Duan X, Cui Y, Chen Y, Kong X. Intramolecular oxo-Diels-Alder rearrangement in collisionally activated dissociation of protonated ions of a mactrocyclic molecule: triazole-epothilone dimer. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:755-762. [PMID: 25044904 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
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Forli S. Epothilones: From discovery to clinical trials. Curr Top Med Chem 2014; 14:2312-21. [PMID: 25434353 PMCID: PMC4629788 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666141130095855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epothilones are natural compounds isolated from a myxobacterium at the beginning of the 1990s, and showed a remarkable anti-neoplastic activity. They act through the same mechanism of action of paclitaxel, by stabilizing microtubules and inducing apoptosis. Although, their chemical structure, simpler than taxanes, makes them more suitable for derivatization. Their interesting pharmacokinetic and bioavailabilty profiles, and the activity against paclitaxel-resistant cell lines make them interesting therapeutic agents. Here a brief historical perspective of epothilones is presented, since their isolation, the identification of their mechanism of action and activity, to the recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Forli
- Molecular Graphics Laboratory, Dept. of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, MB-112F The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla, CA 92037-1000, USA.
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Ganesh T, Brodie PJ, Banerjee A, Bane S, Kingston DGI. Synthesis of isotopically labeled epothilones. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 57:78-81. [PMID: 24307484 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The epothilones, including epothilones B and D, are macrocyclic lactones, which have potent cytotoxicities and promote the polymerization of tubulin to mictotubules by binding to and stabilizing the tubulin polymer. They have a very similar mechanism of action to paclitaxel (Taxol®). The determination of the microtubule-binding conformation of the epothilones is an important piece of information in designing improved analogs for possible clinical use, and internuclear distance information that will assist the determination of this conformation can be obtained by rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR studies of microtubule-bound epothilones with appropriate stable isotope labels. Analogs of epothilone B and epothilone D with [(2) H3 ] and [(19) F] labels were prepared from an advanced precursor for potential use in REDOR NMR studies to determine internuclear distances in tubulin-bound ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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Duan X, Luo G, Chen Y, Kong X. Effects of alkali metal ion cationization on fragmentation pathways of triazole-epothilone. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:1126-1134. [PMID: 22467338 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The collisionally activated dissociation mass spectra of the protonated and alkali metal cationized ions of a triazole-epothilone analogue were studied in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The fragmentation pathway of the protonated ion was characterized by the loss of the unit of C(3)H(4)O(3). However, another fragmentation pathway with the loss of C(3)H(2)O(2) was identified for the complex ions with Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), and Cs(+). The branching ratio of the second pathway increases with the increment of the size of alkali metal ions. Theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) method show the difference in the binding position of the proton and the metal ions. With the increase of the radii of the metal ions, progressive changes in the macrocycle of the compound are induced, which cause the corresponding change in their fragmentation pathways. It has also been found that the interaction energy between the compound and the metal ion decreases with increase in the size of the latter. This is consistent with the experimental results, which show that cesiated complexes readily eject Cs(+) when subject to collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
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Zhan W, Jiang Y, Banerjee A, Brodie PJ, Bane S, Kingston DGI, Liotta DC, Snyder JP. C6-C8 bridged epothilones: consequences of installing a conformational lock at the edge of the macrocycle. Chemistry 2011; 17:14792-804. [PMID: 22127984 PMCID: PMC3248799 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of conformationally restrained epothilone analogues with a short bridge between the methyl groups at C6 and C8 was designed to mimic the binding pose assigned to our recently reported EpoA-microtubule binding model. A versatile synthetic route to these bridged epothilone analogues has been successfully devised and implemented. Biological evaluation of the compounds against A2780 human ovarian cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines suggested that the introduction of a bridge between C6-C8 reduced potency by 25-1000 fold in comparison with natural epothilone D. Tubulin assembly measurements indicate these bridged epothilone analogues to be mildly active, but without significant microtubule stabilization capacity. Molecular mechanics and DFT energy evaluations suggest the mild activity of the bridged epo-analogues may be due to internal conformational strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - Abhijit Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6016 (USA)
| | - Peggy J. Brodie
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (USA)
| | - Susan Bane
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902-6016 (USA)
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (USA)
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
| | - James P. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta GA 30322 (USA), Fax: (+1) 404-712-8670
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Duan X, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Lin J, Kong X, Zhang Q, Dong C, Luo G, Chen Y. Synthesis of Triazole-Epothilones by Using Cu2O Nanoparticles to Catalyze 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Casey EM, Tho F, Harvey JE, Teesdale-Spittle PH. Towards a simplified peloruside A: synthesis of C1–C11 of a dihydropyran analogue. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jiménez M, Zhu W, Vogt A, Day BW, Curran DP. Efficient syntheses of 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 25,26-dihydro-6-epi-dictyostatin, two potent new microtubule-stabilizing agents. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1372-8. [PMID: 22043248 PMCID: PMC3201051 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dictyostatins are powerful microtubule-stabilizing agents that have shown antiproliferative activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines. Two highly active analogs of dictyostatin, 25,26-dihydrodictyostatin and 25,26-dihydro-6-epi-dictyostatin, were prepared by a new streamlined total synthesis route. Three complete carbon fragments were prepared to achieve maximum convergency. These were coupled by a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction sequence and an esterification. A late stage Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi reaction was then used to form the 22-membered macrolide. The stereoselectivity of this reaction depended on the configurations of the nearby stereocenter at C6.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
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Bourcet E, Fache F, Piva O. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the Highly Functionalized Core Structure of Aurisides by Ring-Closing Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Forli S, Manetti F, Altmann KH, Botta M. Evaluation of novel epothilone analogues by means of a common pharmacophore and a QSAR pseudoreceptor model for taxanes and epothilones. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:35-40. [PMID: 19904799 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Forli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Alcide de Gasperi 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Prantz K, Mulzer J. Synthesis of (Z)-Trisubstituted Olefins by Decarboxylative Grob-Type Fragmentations: Epothilone D, Discodermolide, and Peloruside A. Chemistry 2010; 16:485-506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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The Tubulin Binding Mode of Microtubule Stabilizing Agents Studied by Electron Crystallography. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:209-57. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Molecular modeling approaches to study the binding mode on tubulin of microtubule destabilizing and stabilizing agents. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 286:279-328. [PMID: 23563616 DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tubulin targeting agents constitute an important class of anticancer drugs. By acting either as microtubule stabilizers or destabilizers, they disrupt microtubule dynamics, thus inducing mitotic arrest and, ultimately, cell death by apoptosis. Three different binding sites, whose exact location on tubulin has been experimentally detected, have been identified so far for antimitotic compound targeting microtubules, namely the taxoid, the colchicine and the vinka alkaloid binding site. A number of ligand- and structure-based molecular modeling studies in this field has been reported over the years, aimed at elucidating the binding modes of both stabilizing and destabilizing agent, as well as the molecular features responsible for their efficacious interaction with tubulin. Such studies are described in this review, focusing on information provided by different modeling approaches on the structural determinants of antitubulin agents and the interactions with the binding pockets on tubulin emerged as fundamental for antitumor activity.To describe molecular modeling approaches applied to date to molecules known to bind microtubules, this paper has been divided into two main parts: microtubule destabilizing (Part 1) and stabilizing (Part 2) agents. The first part includes structure-based and ligand-based approaches to study molecules targeting colchicine (1.1) and vinca alkaloid (1.2) binding sites, respectively. In the second part, the studies performed on microtubule-stabilizing antimitotic agents (MSAA) are described. Starting from the first representative compound of this class, paclitaxel, molecular modeling studies (quantitative structure-activity relationships - QSAR - and structure-based approaches), performed on natural compounds acting with the same mechanism of action and temptative common pharmacophoric hypotheses for all of these compounds, are reported.
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