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Kumar K, Kumar Sahani R, Garai S, Bhattacharya S. Synthesis and structural features of indium(III) furan-2-thiocarboxylates showing efficient catalytic activity toward multicomponent reactions via Knoevenagel condensation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17499-17513. [PMID: 37960984 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of furan-2-thiocarboxylate complexes of indium(III), Et3NH[In(SCOf)4] (1), iPr2NH2[In(SCOf)4] (2), [In(2,2'-bipy)(SCOf)3] (3a), and [In(1,10-phen)(SCOf)3] (3b), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 4, [In(TMEDA)(SCOf)(SH)2], was obtained by the partial hydrolysis of [In(TMEDA)(SCOf)3] (3). Heterobimetallic complexes [(SCOf)2In(μ-SCOf)2Cu(PPh3)2] (5) and [(SCOf)2In(μ-SCOf)2Ag(PPh3)2] (6), were also synthesized and characterized. In an attempt to synthesize the binary compound, In(SCOf)3 (7), a thioester fCOSCH2SCOf (8) was obtained serendipitously; thus, a novel convenient approach for thioester synthesis is introduced. The catalytic activities of all the complexes were assessed for Knoevenagel condensation and Knoevenagel initiated MCRs for the synthesis of chromene and imidazopyrimidine derivatives and it was found that complex 2 is a very efficient catalyst (much superior to the previously reported ones).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Raj Kumar Sahani
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
| | - Subrato Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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2
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Fattahi N, Varnaseri N, Ramazani A. A novel approach toward thioester bond formation mediated by N,N’-diisopropylcarbodiimide in water. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1799367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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3
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Moffett S, Shiao TC, Mousavifar L, Mignani S, Roy R. Aberrant glycosylation patterns on cancer cells: Therapeutic opportunities for glycodendrimers/metallodendrimers oncology. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1659. [PMID: 32776710 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite exciting discoveries and progresses in drug design against cancer, its cure is still rather elusive and remains one of the humanities major challenges in health care. The safety profiles of common small molecule anti-cancer therapeutics are less than at acceptable levels and limiting deleterious side-effects have to be urgently addressed. This is mainly caused by their incapacity to differentiate healthy cells from cancer cells; hence, the use of high dosage becomes necessary. One possible solution to improve the therapeutic windows of anti-cancer agents undoubtedly resides in modern nanotechnology. This review presents a discussion concerning multivalent carbohydrate-protein interactions as this topic pertains to the fundamental aspects that lead glycoscientists to tackle glyconanoparticles. The second section describes the detailed properties of cancer cells and how their aberrant glycan surfaces differ from those of healthy cells. The third section briefly describes the immune systems, both innate and adaptative, because the numerous displays of cell surface protein receptors necessitate to be addressed from the multivalent angles, a strength full characteristic of nanoparticles. The next chapter presents recent advances in glyconanotechnologies, including glycodendrimers in particular, as they apply to glycobiology and carbohydrate-based cancer vaccines. This was followed by an overview of metallodendrimers and how this rapidly evolving field may contribute to our arsenal of therapeutic tools to fight cancer. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - René Roy
- Glycovax Pharma Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Cowper B, Shariff L, Chen W, Gibson SM, Di WL, Macmillan D. Expanding the scope of N → S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:7469-76. [PMID: 26066020 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that influence N → S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences, and discovery of new reagents that facilitate it, will be key to expanding its scope and applicability. Here, through a study of short model peptides in thioester formation and cyclisation reactions, we demonstrate that a wider variety of Xaa-Cys motifs than originally envisaged are capable of undergoing efficient N → S acyl transfer. We present data for the relative rates of thioester formation and cyclisation for a representative set of amino acids, and show how this expanded scope can be applied to the production of the natural protease inhibitor Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Cowper
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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5
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Asahina Y, Fujimoto R, Suzuki A, Hojo H. Synthesis of Fmoc-Thr Unit Carrying Core 1O-Linked Sugar With Acid-SensitiveO-Protecting Group and Its Application to the Synthesis of Glycosylated Peptide Thioester. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.977909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Liu F, Mayer JP. Protein Chemical Synthesis in Drug Discovery. PROTEIN LIGATION AND TOTAL SYNTHESIS I 2014; 362:183-228. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Chemical synthesis of proteins using N-sulfanylethylanilide peptides, based on N-S acyl transfer chemistry. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 363:33-56. [PMID: 25467538 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Native chemical ligation (NCL), which features the use of peptide thioesters, is among the most reliable ligation protocols in chemical protein synthesis. Thioesters have conventionally been synthesized using tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-based solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS); however, the increasing use of 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) SPPS requires an efficient preparative protocol for thioesters which is fully compatible with Fmoc chemistry. We have addressed this issue by mimicking the naturally occurring thioester-forming step seen in intein-mediated protein splicing of the intein-extein system, using an appropriate chemical device to induce N-S acyl transfer reaction, avoiding the problems associated with Fmoc strategies. We have developed N-sulfanylethylanilide (SEAlide) peptides, which can be synthesized by standard Fmoc SPPS and converted to the corresponding thioesters through treatment under acidic conditions. Extensive examination of SEAlide peptides showed that the amide-type SEAlide peptides can be directly and efficiently involved in NCL via thioester species in the presence of phosphate salts, even under neutral conditions. The presence or absence of phosphate salts provided kinetically controllable chemoselectivity in NCL for SEAlide peptides. This allowed SEAlide peptides to be used in both one-pot/N-to-C-directed sequential NCL under kinetically controlled conditions, and the convergent coupling of large peptide fragments, which facilitated the chemical synthesis of proteins over about 100 residues. The use of SEAlide peptides, enabling sequential NCL operated under kinetically controlled conditions, and the convergent coupling, were used for the total chemical synthesis of a 162-residue monoglycosylated GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) analog.
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8
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Xu L, Chen LJ, Yang HB. Recent progress in the construction of cavity-cored supramolecular metallodendrimers via coordination-driven self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5156-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Guan X, Chaffey PK, Zeng C, Tan Z. New Methods for Chemical Protein Synthesis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 363:155-92. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Takenouchi T, Katayama H, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y, Hojo H. A novel post-ligation thioesterification device enables peptide ligation in the N to C direction: synthetic study of human glycodelin. J Pept Sci 2013; 20:55-61. [PMID: 24357164 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Human glycodelin consists of 162 amino acid residues and two N-linked glycans at Asn(28) and Asn(63) . In this study, we synthesized it by a fully convergent strategy using native chemical ligation (NCL) in N to C direction. The four peptide segments corresponding to 1-31, 32-65, 66-105 and 106-162 sequences were synthesized by 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl based solid-phase peptide synthesis. At the C-terminus of the second segment, N-ethyl-S-acetamidomethyl-cysteine was attached as a post-ligation thioesterification device. The N-terminal two segments were condensed by the homocysteine-mediated NCL at Leu-Met site, and the product was methylated to convert homocysteine to methionine. After deprotection of acetamidomethyl group on the N-ethylcysteine residue, the peptide was thioesterified by N-alkylcysteine-assisted method. The product was then ligated with the C-terminal half, which was obtained by the NCL of third and fourth segments, to give the full-length glycodelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Takenouchi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan
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11
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Duce S, Jorge M, Alonso I, Ruano JLG, Cid MB. p-Nitrophenyl Ethylthioester in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Additions: Different Behaviour of β-Aryl and β-Alkyl Enals. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Sato K, Shigenaga A, Kitakaze K, Sakamoto K, Tsuji D, Itoh K, Otaka A. Chemical Synthesis of Biologically Active Monoglycosylated GM2-Activator Protein Analogue UsingN-Sulfanylethylanilide Peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Sato K, Shigenaga A, Kitakaze K, Sakamoto K, Tsuji D, Itoh K, Otaka A. Chemical synthesis of biologically active monoglycosylated GM2-activator protein analogue using N-sulfanylethylanilide peptide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7855-9. [PMID: 23765733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Going to SEA(lide): Total chemical synthesis of a 162-residue glycoprotein analogue of the monoglycosylated human GM2-activator protein (GM2AP) was achieved. Key steps were the use of N-sulfanylethylanilide (SEAlide) peptides in the kinetic chemical ligation synthesis of a large peptide fragment, and a convergent native chemical ligation for final fragment assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sato
- Institute of Health Bioscience and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Shomachi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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14
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Taichi M, Hemu X, Qiu Y, Tam JP. A thioethylalkylamido (TEA) thioester surrogate in the synthesis of a cyclic peptide via a tandem acyl shift. Org Lett 2013; 15:2620-3. [PMID: 23668312 DOI: 10.1021/ol400801k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic cystine-knot peptide, kalata B1, was synthesized by employing a novel Fmoc-compatible thioethylalkylamido (TEA) thioester surrogate via an N-S acyl shift followed by a thiol-thioester exchange reaction. TEA thioester surrogate is cost-effective, conveniently prepared in one-step with starting materials, readily available from commercial sources, and highly efficient in preparing peptide thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Taichi
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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15
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Lu GP, Cai C. An Odorless, One-Pot Synthesis of Thioesters from Organic Halides, Thiourea and Benzoyl Chlorides in Water. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Gaidzik N, Westerlind U, Kunz H. The development of synthetic antitumour vaccines from mucin glycopeptide antigens. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4421-42. [PMID: 23440054 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35470a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on important cell-biological and biochemical results concerning the structural difference between membrane glycoproteins of normal epithelial cells and epithelial tumour cells, tumour-associated glycopeptide antigens have been chemically synthesised and structurally confirmed. Glycopeptide structures of the tandem repeat sequence of mucin MUC1 of epithelial tumour cells constitute the most promising tumour-associated antigens. In order to generate a sufficient immunogenicity of these endogenous structures, usually tolerated by the immune system, these synthetic glycopeptide antigens were conjugated to immune stimulating components: in fully synthetic two-component vaccines either with T-cell peptide epitopes or with Toll-like receptor2 lipopeptide ligands or in three-component vaccines with both these stimulants. Alternatively, the synthetic glycopeptide antigens were coupled to immune stimulating carrier proteins. In particular, MUC1 glycopeptide conjugates with Tetanus toxoid proved to be efficient vaccines inducing very strong immune responses in mice. The antibodies elicited with the fully synthetic vaccines showed selective recognition of the tumour-associated glycopeptides as was shown by neutralisation and micro-array binding experiments. After booster immunisations, most of the immune responses showed the installation of an immunological memory. Immunisation with fully synthetic three-component vaccines induced immune reactions with therapeutic effects in terms of reduction of the tumour burden in mice or in killing of tumour cells in culture, while MUC1 glycopeptide-Tetanus toxoid vaccines elicited antibodies in mice which recognised tumour cells in human tumour tissues. The results achieved so far are considered to be promising for the development of an active immunisation against tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Gaidzik
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Organische Chemiem, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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17
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Unverzagt C, Kajihara Y. Chemical assembly of N-glycoproteins: a refined toolbox to address a ubiquitous posttranslational modification. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4408-20. [PMID: 23403448 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35485g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Incremental developments in the chemistry of peptides, proteins and carbohydrates have enabled researchers to assemble entire glycoproteins with high precision. Based on sophisticated ligation chemistries pure glycoproteins bearing a single glycosylation pattern have become available. The impact of N-glycosylation on the function of glycoproteins is generally recognized but not well understood. Based on the recent advances in the synthesis of glycoproteins by chemical methods researchers can finally start to elucidate the various roles of carbohydrates in complex biomolecules in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie, Gebäude NWI, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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18
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Al Sheikha D, Wilkinson BL, Santhakumar G, Thaysen-Andersen M, Payne RJ. Synthesis of homogeneous MUC1 oligomers via a bi-directional ligation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:6090-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Singh S, Yadav LDS. The direct thioesterification of aldehydes with disulfides via NHC-catalyzed carbonyl umpolung strategy. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Otaka A, Sato K, Ding H, Shigenaga A. One-Pot/Sequential Native Chemical Ligation UsingN-Sulfanylethylanilide Peptide. CHEM REC 2012; 12:479-90. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Sakamoto K, Sato K, Shigenaga A, Tsuji K, Tsuda S, Hibino H, Nishiuchi Y, Otaka A. Synthetic Procedure for N-Fmoc Amino Acyl-N-Sulfanylethylaniline Linker as Crypto-Peptide Thioester Precursor with Application to Native Chemical Ligation. J Org Chem 2012; 77:6948-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3011107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakamoto
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Shigenaga
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Shugo Tsuda
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
- Saito Research Center, Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito Ibaraki, Osaka
567-0085, Japan
| | - Hajime Hibino
- Saito Research Center, Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito Ibaraki, Osaka
567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiuchi
- Saito Research Center, Peptide Institute, Inc., 7-2-9 Saito Ibaraki, Osaka
567-0085, Japan
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Otaka
- Institute
of Health Biosciences and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
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22
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Hojo H, Tanaka H, Hagiwara M, Asahina Y, Ueki A, Katayama H, Nakahara Y, Yoneshige A, Matsuda J, Ito Y, Nakahara Y. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Hydrophobic Glycoprotein: Synthesis of Saposin C Carrying Complex-Type Carbohydrate. J Org Chem 2012; 77:9437-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351- 0198, Japan
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23
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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24
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Macmillan D, Adams A, Premdjee B. Shifting Native Chemical Ligation into Reverse through N→S Acyl Transfer. Isr J Chem 2011; 51:885-899. [PMID: 22347724 PMCID: PMC3277902 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioester synthesis by N→S acyl transfer is being intensively explored by many research groups the world over. Reasons for this likely include the often straightforward method of precursor assembly using Fmoc-based chemistry and the fundamentally interesting acyl migration process. In this review we introduce recent advances in this exciting area and discuss, in more detail, our own efforts towards the synthesis of peptide thioesters through N→S acyl transfer in native peptide sequences. We have found that several peptide thioesters can be readily prepared and, what's more, there appears to be ample opportunity for further development and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Macmillan
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
| | - Anna Adams
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
| | - Bhavesh Premdjee
- Christopher Ingold Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University College London20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK phone: +44 (0)20 7679 4684 e-mail:
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25
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Premdjee B, Adams AL, Macmillan D. Native N-glycopeptide thioester synthesis through N→S acyl transfer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4973-5. [PMID: 21676613 PMCID: PMC3160546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide thioesters are important tools for the total synthesis of proteins using native chemical ligation (NCL). Preparation of glycopeptide thioesters, that enable the assembly of homogeneously glycosylated proteins, is complicated by the perceived fragile nature of the sugar moiety. Herein, we demonstrate the compatibility of thioester formation via N→S acyl transfer with native N-glycopeptides and report observations that will aid in their preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek Macmillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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26
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Zheng JS, Chang HN, Wang FL, Liu L. Fmoc synthesis of peptide thioesters without post-chain-assembly manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11080-3. [PMID: 21714552 DOI: 10.1021/ja204088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple method for the synthesis of peptide thioesters is developed using standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis procedures. The method relies on the use of a premade enamide-containing amino acid which, in the final TFA cleavage step, renders the desired thioester functionality through an irreversible intramolecular N-to-S acyl transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Shen Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Zheng JS, Xi WX, Wang FL, Li J, Guo QX. Fmoc-SPPS chemistry compatible approach for the generation of (glyco)peptide aryl thioesters. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hojo H, Kobayashi H, Ubagai R, Asahina Y, Nakahara Y, Katayama H, Ito Y, Nakahara Y. Efficient preparation of Fmoc-aminoacyl-N-ethylcysteine unit, a key device for the synthesis of peptide thioesters. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6807-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05831b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mende F, Seitz O. 9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-basierte Festphasensynthese von α-Peptidthioestern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Mende F, Seitz O. 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-Based Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide α-Thioesters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1232-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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31
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Peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers and analogous dendrimeric structures and their biomedical applications. Amino Acids 2010; 40:301-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hojo H, Ozawa C, Katayama H, Ueki A, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y. The Mercaptomethyl Group Facilitates an Efficient One-Pot Ligation at Xaa-Ser/Thr for (Glyco)peptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Hojo H, Ozawa C, Katayama H, Ueki A, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y. The Mercaptomethyl Group Facilitates an Efficient One-Pot Ligation at Xaa-Ser/Thr for (Glyco)peptide Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:5318-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Erlich LA, Ajish Kumar KS, Haj-Yahya M, Dawson PE, Brik A. N-methylcysteine-mediated total chemical synthesis of ubiquitin thioester. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2392-6. [PMID: 20448897 PMCID: PMC3183995 DOI: 10.1039/c000332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin thioester is a key intermediate in the ubiquitylation of proteins and is formed enzymatically through the activation of alpha-COOH of ubiquitin in an ATP dependent manner using the E1 enzyme. The current methods used for the preparation of ubiquitin thioester rely on either the enzymatic machinery or on expressed protein ligation technology. In this article, we report a new chemical strategy, combining native chemical ligation and N-methylcysteine containing peptides, to chemically prepare ubiquitin thioester for the first time. The N-methylcysteine is utilized as an N-->S acyl transfer device, and in its protected form serves as a latent thioester functionality. This enabled us to trigger the formation of ubiquitin thioester subsequent to the assembly of the ubiquitin polypeptide via native chemical ligation. The synthetic ubiquitin thioester showed a similar behavior in peptide ubiquitylation to the one obtained via expression. This approach should allow for higher flexibility in the chemical manipulation of ubiquitin thioester in a wide variety of ubiquitylated peptides and proteins for structural and biochemical analysis and for the synthesis of ubiquitin chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly A. Erlich
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - K. S. Ajish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Mahmood Haj-Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037 (USA)
| | - Ashraf Brik
- Department of Chemistry, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel 84105
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Kang J, Macmillan D. Peptide and protein thioester synthesis via N-->S acyl transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1993-2002. [PMID: 20401371 DOI: 10.1039/b925075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein thioesters are playing an increasingly prominent role in the chemical toolbox for protein assembly and modification through Native Chemical Ligation (NCL). In this Emerging Area we highlight recent developments in a somewhat surprising route to thioesters: selective disruption of amides, the more stable carboxylic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaskiranjit Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, UK WC1H 0AJ
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Hojo H, Katayama H, Nakahara Y. Progress in the Ligation Chemistry for Glycoprotein Synthesis. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2010. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.22.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Hojo
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Katayama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakahara
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Glycoscience, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
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37
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Shigenaga A, Sato K, Otaka A. Recent Progress in the Synthetic Methodologies of Peptide Thioesters. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Katayama H, Hojo H, Shimizu I, Nakahara Y, Nakahara Y. Chemical synthesis of mouse pro-opiomelanocortin(1–74) by azido-protected glycopeptide ligation via the thioester method. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:1966-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b927270d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Medina SH, El-Sayed MEH. Dendrimers as carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Chem Rev 2009; 109:3141-57. [PMID: 19534493 DOI: 10.1021/cr900174j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Medina
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1101 Beal Avenue, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, Room 2150, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2110, USA
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Kawahira K, Tanaka H, Ueki A, Nakahara Y, Hojo H, Nakahara Y. Solid-phase synthesis of O-sulfated glycopeptide by the benzyl-protected glycan strategy. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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41
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Kang J, Reynolds NL, Tyrrell C, Dorin JR, Macmillan D. Peptide thioester synthesis through N→S acyl-transfer: application to the synthesis of a β-defensin. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4918-23. [DOI: 10.1039/b913886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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42
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Abstract
Several dendrimers possessing multiple copies of peptides and glycopeptides belonging to the MUC1 eicosapeptide tandem repeat sequence have been prepared. Fmoc-strategy solid-phase peptide synthesis was used to construct the peptides and glycopeptides, which were conjugated to suitably functionalized dendrimer cores using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to produce multivalent peptide and glycopeptide dendrimers.
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