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Fraga-Timiraos AB, Francés-Monerris A, Rodríguez-Muñiz GM, Navarrete-Miguel M, Miranda MA, Roca-Sanjuán D, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Cycloreversion of a Nucleobase-Derived Azetidine by Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Chemistry 2018; 24:15346-15354. [PMID: 30053323 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azetidines are interesting compounds in medicine and chemistry as bioactive scaffolds and synthetic intermediates. However, photochemical processes involved in the generation and fate of azetidine-derived radical ions have scarcely been reported. In this context, the photoreduction of this four-membered heterocycle might be relevant in connection with the DNA (6-4) photoproduct obtained from photolyase. Herein, a stable azabipyrimidinic azetidine (AZTm ), obtained from cycloaddition between thymine and 6-azauracil units, is considered to be an interesting model of the proposed azetidine-like intermediate. Hence, its photoreduction and photo-oxidation are thoroughly investigated through a multifaceted approach, including spectroscopic, analytical, and electrochemical studies, complemented by CASPT2 and DFT calculations. Both injection and removal of an electron result in the formation of radical ions, which evolve towards repaired thymine and azauracil units. Whereas photoreduction energetics are similar to those of the cyclobutane thymine dimers, photo-oxidation is clearly more favorable in the azetidine. Ring opening occurs with relatively low activation barriers (<13 kcal mol-1 ) and the process is clearly exergonic for photoreduction. In general, a good correlation has been observed between the experimental results and theoretical calculations, which has allowed a synergic understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fraga-Timiraos
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Gemma M Rodríguez-Muñiz
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Navarrete-Miguel
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, 46071, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Fraga-Timiraos AB, Rodríguez-Muñiz GM, Peiro-Penalba V, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Stereoselective Fluorescence Quenching in the Electron Transfer Photooxidation of Nucleobase-Related Azetidines by Cyanoaromatics. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121683. [PMID: 27941606 PMCID: PMC6273614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer involving nucleic acids and their derivatives is an important field in bioorganic chemistry, specifically in connection with its role in the photo-driven DNA damage and repair. Four-membered ring heterocyclic oxetanes and azetidines have been claimed to be the intermediates involved in the repair of DNA (6-4) photoproduct by photolyase. In this context, we examine here the redox properties of the two azetidine isomers obtained from photocycloaddition between 6-aza-1,3-dimethyluracil and cyclohexene. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence experiments using a series of photoreductants and photooxidants have been run to evaluate the efficiency of the electron transfer process. Analysis of the obtained quenching kinetics shows that the azetidine compounds can act as electron donors. Additionally, it appears that the cis isomer is more easily oxidized than its trans counterpart. This result is in agreement with electrochemical studies performed on both azetidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fraga-Timiraos
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Gemma M Rodríguez-Muñiz
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Vicente Peiro-Penalba
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Fraga‐Timiraos AB, Lhiaubet‐Vallet V, Miranda MA. Repair of a Dimeric Azetidine Related to the Thymine–Cytosine (6
‐
4) Photoproduct by Electron Transfer Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Fraga‐Timiraos
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet‐Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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Fraga-Timiraos AB, Lhiaubet-Vallet V, Miranda MA. Repair of a Dimeric Azetidine Related to the Thymine-Cytosine (6-4) Photoproduct by Electron Transfer Photoreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6037-40. [PMID: 27061458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photolyases are intriguing enzymes that take advantage of sunlight to restore lesions like cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or (6-4) photoproducts. This work focused on the photoreductive process responsible for splitting of the azetidine ring proposed to occur during (6-4) photoproduct repair at a thymine-cytosine sequence. A model compound formed by photocycloaddition between thymine and 6-azauracil has been designed to mimic the elusive azetidine intermediate. The photoinduced electron transfer process has been investigated by means of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence using photosensitizers with oxidation potentials in the singlet excited state ranging from -3.3 to -2.1 V vs. SCE. Azetidine ring splitting and recovery of "repaired" bases were proven by HPLC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fraga-Timiraos
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Pérez-Ruiz R, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Hetero-cycloreversions mediated by photoinduced electron transfer. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1359-68. [PMID: 24702062 DOI: 10.1021/ar4003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Discovered more than eight decades ago, the Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition (CA) remains one of the most versatile tools in synthetic organic chemistry. Hetero-DA processes are powerful methods for the synthesis of densely functionalized six-membered heterocycles, ubiquitous substructures found in natural products and bioactive compounds. These reactions frequently employ azadienes and oxadienes, but only a few groups have reported DA processes with thiadienes. The electron transfer (ET) version of the DA reaction, though less investigated, has emerged as a subject of increasing interest. In the last two decades, researchers have paid closer attention to radical ionic hetero-cycloreversions, mainly in connection with their possible involvement in the repair of pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photolesions in DNA by photolyases. In biological systems, these reactions likely occur through a reductive photosensitization mechanism. In addition, photooxidation can lead to cycloreversion (CR) reactions, and researchers can exploit this strategy for DNA repair therapies. In this Account, we discuss electron-transfer (ET) mediated hetero-CR reactions. We focus on the oxidative and reductive ET splitting of oxetanes, azetidines, and thietanes. Photoinduced electron transfer facilitates the splitting of a variety of four-membered heterocycles. In this context, researchers have commonly examined oxetanes, both experimentally and theoretically. Although a few studies have reported the cycloreversion of azetidines and thietanes carried out under electron transfer conditions, the number of examples remains limited. In general, the cleavage of the ionized four-membered rings appears to occur via a nonconcerted two-step mechanism. The trapping of the intermediate 1,4-radical ions and transient absorption spectroscopy data support this hypothesis, and it explains the observed loss of stereochemistry in the products. In the initial step, either C-C or C-X bond breaking may occur, and the preferred route depends on the substitution pattern of the ring, the type of heteroatom, and various experimental conditions. To better accommodate spin and charge, C-X cleavage happens more frequently, especially in the radical anionic version of the reaction. The addition or withdrawal of a single electron provides a new complementary synthetic strategy to activate hetero-cycloreversions. Despite its potential, this strategy remains largely unexplored. However, it offers a useful method to achieve C═X/olefin metathesis or, upon ring expansion, to construct six-membered heterocyclic rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química/Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto
de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Pérez-Ruiz R, Sáez JA, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Cycloreversion of β-lactams via photoinduced electron transfer. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:8428-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With DABCO as an electron donor, photoinduced cycloreversion of β-lactams leads to olefins through 1,4-radical anions and 1,4-biradicals as intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose A. Sáez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - M. Consuelo Jiménez
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química/Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC
- Universitat Politécnica de València
- Valencia, Spain
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Narhe BD, Sriramurthy V, Yadav VK. A smooth rearrangement of N-p-toluenesulfonyl 2-tert-butyldiphenylsilylmethyl-substituted azetidines into N-p-toluenesulfonyl 3-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-substituted pyrrolidines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:4390-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob07140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pérez-Ruiz R, Sáez JA, Domingo LR, Jiménez MC, Miranda MA. Ring splitting of azetidin-2-ones via radical anions. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7928-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Domingo LR, Pérez-Ruiz R, Argüello JE, Miranda MA. DFT Study on the Cycloreversion of Thietane Radical Cations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5443-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis R. Domingo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan E. Argüello
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Okada Y, Nishimoto A, Akaba R, Chiba K. Electron-Transfer-Induced Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions Based on the Aromatic “Redox Tag” Strategy. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3470-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200490q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Asaki Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Akaba
- Department of Chemistry, Gunma College of Technology, 580 Toriba-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Chiba
- Department of Applied Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Elias Argüello J, Pérez-Ruiz R, Miranda MA. Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Cycloreversion of Thietanes: The Role of Ion−Molecule Complexes. Org Lett 2010; 12:1884-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol100520m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Elias Argüello
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina, and Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ruiz
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina, and Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- INFIQC, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina, and Departamento de Química, Instituto de Tecnología Química UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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