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Takeuchi Y, Tohda K, Tanaka H. Syntheses of α(2,8) Sialosides Containing NeuAc and NeuGc by Using Double Carbonyl-Protected N-Acyl Sialyl Donors. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400883. [PMID: 38556469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
We report on the syntheses of NeuAc and NeuGc-containing glycosides via the use of double carbonyl-protected N-acetyl sialyl donors. The 7-O,9-O-carbonyl protection of an N-acyl-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected sialyl donor markedly increased the α-selectivity during glycosylation, particularly when glycosylating the C-8 hydroxyl group of sialic acids. The N-acyl carbamates were selectively opened with ethanethiol under basic conditions to provide N-acyl amines. It is noteworthy that N-glycolyl carbamate was more reactive to nucleophiles by comparison with the N-acetyl carbamate due to the electron-withdrawing oxygen in the N-acyl group and however, allowed selective opening of the carbamates without the loss of N-glycolyl groups. To demonstrate the utility of the approach, we began by synthesizing α(2,3) and α(2,6) sialyl galactosides. Glycosylation of the hydroxy groups of galactosides at the C-6 position with the NeuAc and NeuGc donors provided the corresponding sialyl galactoses in good yields with excellent α-selectivity. However, glycosylation of the 2,3-diol galactosyl acceptor selectively provided Siaα(2,2)Gal. Next, we prepared a series of α(2,8) disialosides composed of NeuAc and NeuGc. Glycosylation of NeuGc and NeuAc acceptors at the C-8 hydroxyl group with NeuGc and NeuAc sialyl donors provided the corresponding α(2,8) disialosides, and no significant differences were detected in the reactivities of these acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Takeuchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tohda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 12-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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2
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Morelli L, Compostella F, Panza L, Imperio D. Unusual promoters and leaving groups in glycosylation reactions: The evolution of carbohydrate synthesis. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Vibhute AM, Komura N, Tanaka HN, Imamura A, Ando H. Advanced Chemical Methods for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Applications in Sialoglycan Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3194-3223. [PMID: 34028159 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid is an important component of cell surface glycans, which are responsible for many vital body functions and should therefore be thoroughly studied to understand their biological roles and association with disorders. The difficulty of isolating large quantities of homogenous-state sialoglycans from natural sources has inspired the development of the corresponding chemical synthesis methods affording acceptable purities, yields, and amounts. However, the related syntheses are challenging because of the difficulties in α-glycosylation of sialic acid, which arises from its certain structural features such as the absence of a stereodirecting group at the C3 position and presence of carboxyl group at the anomeric position. Moreover, the structural complexities of sialoglycans with diverse numbers and locations of sialic acid on the glycan chains pose additional barriers. Thus, efficient α-stereoselective routes to sialosides remain highly sought after, although various types of sialyl donors/acceptors have been developed for the straightforward synthesis of α-sialosides. Herein, we review the latest progress in the α-stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and their applications in the preparation of gangliosides and other sialoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol M Vibhute
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hide-Nori Tanaka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akihiro Imamura
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.,Department of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Takahashi T. Connection with People Given Me an Inspirational Opportunity. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Wang J, Lou Q, Rong J, Yang Y. Gold(i)-promoted α-selective sialylation of glycosylortho-hexynylbenzoates for the latent-active synthesis of oligosialic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6580-6584. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A gold(i)-promoted α-selective glycosylation approach with sialylortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors is developed for the latent-active synthesis of α-(2 → 9)-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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Dimakos V, Taylor MS. Site-Selective Functionalization of Hydroxyl Groups in Carbohydrate Derivatives. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11457-11517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Dimakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
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Kulkarni SS, Wang CC, Sabbavarapu NM, Podilapu AR, Liao PH, Hung SC. "One-Pot" Protection, Glycosylation, and Protection-Glycosylation Strategies of Carbohydrates. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8025-8104. [PMID: 29870239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, which are ubiquitously distributed throughout the three domains of life, play significant roles in a variety of vital biological processes. Access to unique and homogeneous carbohydrate materials is important to understand their physical properties, biological functions, and disease-related features. It is difficult to isolate carbohydrates in acceptable purity and amounts from natural sources. Therefore, complex saccharides with well-defined structures are often most conviently accessed through chemical syntheses. Two major hurdles, regioselective protection and stereoselective glycosylation, are faced by carbohydrate chemists in synthesizing these highly complicated molecules. Over the past few years, there has been a radical change in tackling these problems and speeding up the synthesis of oligosaccharides. This is largely due to the development of one-pot protection, one-pot glycosylation, and one-pot protection-glycosylation protocols and streamlined approaches to orthogonally protected building blocks, including those from rare sugars, that can be used in glycan coupling. In addition, new automated strategies for oligosaccharide syntheses have been reported not only for program-controlled assembly on solid support but also by the stepwise glycosylation in solution phase. As a result, various sugar molecules with highly complex, large structures could be successfully synthesized. To summarize these recent advances, this review describes the methodologies for one-pot protection and their one-pot glycosylation into the complex glycans and the chronological developments associated with automated syntheses of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | | | | | - Ananda Rao Podilapu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Pin-Hsuan Liao
- Institute of Chemistry , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
| | - Shang-Cheng Hung
- Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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Yang B, Yang W, Ramadan S, Huang X. Pre-activation Based Stereoselective Glycosylations. European J Org Chem 2018; 2018:1075-1096. [PMID: 29805297 PMCID: PMC5963711 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the wide presence of carbohydrates in nature and their crucial roles in numerous important biological processes, oligosaccharides have attracted a lot of attention in synthetic organic chemistry community. Many innovative synthetic methods have been developed for oligosaccharide synthesis, among which the pre-activation based glycosylation is particularly noteworthy. Traditionally, glycosylation reactions are carried out when the glycosyl donor and the acceptor are both present when the promoter is added. In comparison, the pre-activation based glycosylation is unique, where the glycosyl donor is activated by the promoter in the absence of the acceptor. Upon complete donor activation, the acceptor is added to the reaction mixture enabling glycosylation. The key step in any oligosaccharide synthesis is the stereoselective formation of the glycosidic bond. As donor activation and acceptor glycosylation are temporally separated, pre-activation based glycosylation can bestow unique stereochemical control. This review systematically discusses factors impacting the stereochemical outcome of a pre-activation based glycosylation reaction including substituents on the glycosyl donor, reaction solvent, and additives. Applications of pre-activation based stereoselective glycosylation in assembly of complex oligosaccharides are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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Abstract
Investigations of methodologies aimed on improving the stereoselective synthesis of sialosides and the efficient assembly of sialic acid glycoconjugates has been the mission of dedicated research groups from the late 1960s. This review presents major accomplishments in the field, with the emphasis on significant breakthroughs and influential synthetic strategies of the last decade.
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Yamaguchi S, Yoshimura A, Yasuda Y, Mori A, Tanaka H, Takahashi T, Kitajima K, Sato C. Chemical Synthesis and Evaluation of a Disialic Acid-Containing Dextran Polymer as an Inhibitor for the Interaction between Siglec 7 and Its Ligand. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1194-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yu Yasuda
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Airi Mori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Yokohama University of Pharmacy; 601 Matano-chou Totsuka-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 245-0066 Japan
| | - Ken Kitajima
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center; Nagoya University; Chikusa Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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11
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Abstract
The development of glycobiology relies on the sources of particular oligosaccharides in their purest forms. As the isolation of the oligosaccharide structures from natural sources is not a reliable option for providing samples with homogeneity, chemical means become pertinent. The growing demand for diverse oligosaccharide structures has prompted the advancement of chemical strategies to stitch sugar molecules with precise stereo- and regioselectivity through the formation of glycosidic bonds. This Review will focus on the key developments towards chemical O-glycosylations in the current century. Synthesis of novel glycosyl donors and acceptors and their unique activation for successful glycosylation are discussed. This Review concludes with a summary of recent developments and comments on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Das
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) KolkataMohanpurNadia741246India
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12
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Aoyagi T, Ohira S, Fuse S, Uzawa J, Yamaguchi Y, Tanaka H. The α-Glycosidation of Partially Unprotected N
-Acetyl and N
-Glycolyl Sialyl Donors in the Absence of a Nitrile Solvent Effect. Chemistry 2016; 22:6968-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Aoyagi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohira
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
- Laboratory of Chemical and Life Science, Innovative Research; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Jun Uzawa
- RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology; RIKEN Global Research Cluster; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198 Saitama Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- RIKEN-Max-Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology; RIKEN Global Research Cluster; 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198 Saitama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1-H101 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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Liao G, Zhou Z, Guo Z. Synthesis and immunological study of α-2,9-oligosialic acid conjugates as anti-group C meningitis vaccines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9647-50. [PMID: 25973942 PMCID: PMC4526240 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01794g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
α-2,9-Di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentasialic acids were prepared and conjugated with a carrier protein. The resultant glycoconjugates elicited robust T cell-mediated immunity in mice. α-2,9-Trisialic acid was identified as a promising antigen for developing glycoconjugate vaccines against group C Neisseria meningitidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochao Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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14
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Zulueta MML, Janreddy D, Hung SC. One-Pot Methods for the Protection and Assembly of Sugars. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Kancharla PK, Kato T, Crich D. Probing the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in sialic acid glycosides with the persistent radical effect. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5472-80. [PMID: 24606062 PMCID: PMC4004215 DOI: 10.1021/ja501276r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for the investigation of the influence of protecting groups on the anomeric equilibrium in the sialic acid glycosides has been developed on the basis of the equilibration of O-sialyl hydroxylamines by reversible homolytic scission of the glycosidic bond following the dictates of the Fischer-Ingold persistent radical effect. It is found that a trans-fused 4O,5N-oxazolidinone group stabilizes the equatorial glycoside, i.e., reduces the anomeric effect, when compared to the 4O,5N-diacetyl protected systems. This effect is discussed in terms of the powerful electron-withdrawing nature of the oxazolidinone system, which in turn is a function of its strong dipole moment in the mean plane of the pyranose ring system. The new equilibration method displays a small solvent effect and is most pronounced in less polar media consistent with the anomeric effect in general. The unusual (for anomeric radicals) poor kinetic selectivity of anomeric sialyl radicals is discussed in terms of the planar π-type structure of these radicals and of competing 1,3-diaxial interactions in the diastereomeric transition states for trapping on the α- and β-faces of the radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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16
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Tanaka H, Ohira S, Yamaguchi Y, Takahashi T. Synthesis of a Phosphatidylinositol Dimannoside Using 2-(Azidomethyl)benzoate Mannosyl Donors. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Wu YF, Tsai YF, Guo JR, Yu CP, Yu HM, Liao CC. First total synthesis of ganglioside DSG-A possessing neuritogenic activity. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9345-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of ganglioside DSG-A (1) is achievedviachemoselective glycosylation and a [1 + 1 + 2] synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fa Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li, Taiwan
| | - Yow-Fu Tsai
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Ruei Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chen Liao
- Department of Chemistry
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chung Li, Taiwan
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Kancharla PK, Crich D. Influence of side chain conformation and configuration on glycosyl donor reactivity and selectivity as illustrated by sialic acid donors epimeric at the 7-position. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:18999-9007. [PMID: 24261615 PMCID: PMC3917720 DOI: 10.1021/ja410683y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two N-acetyl 4O,5N-oxazolidinone-protected sialyl thioglycosides epimeric at the 7-position have been synthesized and their reactivity and stereoselectivity in glycosylation reactions have been compared. It is demonstrated that the natural 7S-donor is both more reactive and more α-selective than the unnatural 7R-isomer. The difference in reactivity is attributed to the side chain conformation and specifically to the proximity of O7 to the anomeric center. In the natural 7S-isomer, O7 is closer to the anomeric center than in its unnatural 7R-epimer and, therefore, better able to support incipient positive charge at the locus of reaction. The difference in selectivity is also attributed to the side conformation, which in the unnatural 7R-series is placed perpendicularly above the α-face of the donor and so shields it to a greater extent than in the 7S-series. These observations are consistent with earlier conclusions on the influence of the side chain conformation on reactivity and selectivity derived from conformationally locked models in the glucose and galactose series and corroborate the suggestion that those effects are predominantly stereoelectronic rather than torsional. The possible relevance of side chain conformation as a factor in the influence of glycosylation stereoselectivity by remote protecting groups and as a control element in enzymic processes for glycosidic bond formation and hydrolysis are discussed. Methods for assignment of the anomeric configuration in the sialic acid glycosides are critically surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Adak AK, Yu CC, Liang CF, Lin CC. Synthesis of sialic acid-containing saccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:1030-8. [PMID: 24182749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a diverse family of negatively charged monosaccharides with a shared nine-carbon carboxylated backbone, and they often serve as the terminal positions of cell surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. Sialic acids play essential roles in mediating or modulating numerous pathological, biological, and immunological recognition events. Advances in synthesis have provided chemically well-defined and structurally homogeneous sialic acid-containing carbohydrates that are crucial for studying glycobiology. This review highlights recent innovations in the chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of difficult α-sialosides, with a particular focus on methods developed for α-selective sialylation in the synthesis of O-linked and S-linked oligosialic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit K Adak
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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Adamo R, Nilo A, Castagner B, Boutureira O, Berti F, Bernardes GJL. Synthetically defined glycoprotein vaccines: current status and future directions. Chem Sci 2013; 4:2995-3008. [PMID: 25893089 PMCID: PMC4396375 DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50862e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary examples in vaccine design have shown good levels of carbohydrate-specific antibody generation when raised using extracted or fully synthetic capsular polysaccharide glycans covalently coupled to a protein carrier. Herein, we cover recent clinical developments of carbohydrate-based vaccines and describe how novel cutting-edge methodology for the total synthesis of oligosaccharides and for the precise placement of carbohydrates at pre-determined sites within a protein may be used to further improve the safety and efficacy of glycovaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Adamo
- Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Via Fiorentina 1 , 53100 Siena , Italy .
| | - Alberto Nilo
- Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Via Fiorentina 1 , 53100 Siena , Italy .
| | - Bastien Castagner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 10 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Omar Boutureira
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Francesco Berti
- Research Center , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics , Via Fiorentina 1 , 53100 Siena , Italy .
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge , CB2 1EW , UK . ; Instituto de Medicina Molecular , Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa , Av. Prof. Egas Moniz , 1649-028 Lisboa , Portugal .
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Tanaka H, Takeuchi R, Jimbo M, Kuniya N, Takahashi T. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Forssman Antigen Pentasaccharide and Derivatives by a One-Pot Glycosylation Procedure. Chemistry 2013; 19:3177-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Tanaka H, Tateno Y, Takahashi T. Convergent stereoselective synthesis of multiple sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) dodecasaccharides. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9570-82. [PMID: 23132499 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26928g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an effective method for the elongation of a GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) sequence using a GlcNTrocα(1,4)GlcA disaccharide unit and the synthesis of the N- and/or O-sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides. N-Troc protection of GlcNα(1,4)GlcA units was effective for the synthesis of the GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides in comparison with the azido substituent. The GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) dodecasaccharide was successfully prepared by the direct β-selective glycosidation of glucuronate in the GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4)GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) tetrasaccharide. In addition, the synthesis of the N- and/or O-sulfated GlcNα(1,4)GlcAβ(1,4) oligosaccharides was accomplished by fluorous-assisted deprotection and sulfation. The fluorous-assisted synthetic technology applied to the highly polar sulfated oligosaccharide permits it to be more easily separated from the highly polar reagents, such as SO(3)·NEt(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H-101 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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23
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Sun B, Jiang H. An efficient approach for total synthesis of aminopropyl functionalized ganglioside GM1b. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Masui H, Fuse S, Takahashi T. One-Pot, Three-Component Coupling Approach to the Synthesis of α–Iminocarboxamides. Org Lett 2012; 14:4090-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3017337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Masui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Tanaka H, Tanimoto Y, Kawai T, Takahashi T. A fluorous-assisted synthesis of oligosaccharides using a phenyl ether linker as a safety-catch linker. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Toward automated oligosaccharide synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:11872-923. [PMID: 22127846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates have been shown to play important roles in biological processes. The pace of development in carbohydrate research is, however, relatively slow due to the problems associated with the complexity of carbohydrate structures and the lack of general synthetic methods and tools available for the study of this class of biomolecules. Recent advances in synthesis have demonstrated that many of these problems can be circumvented. In this Review, we describe the methods developed to tackle the problems of carbohydrate-mediated biological processes, with particular focus on the issue related to the development of the automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. Further applications of carbohydrate microarrays and vaccines to human diseases are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsiung Hsu
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Hsu CH, Hung SC, Wu CY, Wong CH. Auf dem Weg zur automatisierten Oligosaccharid- Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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Sun B, Jiang H. Pre-activation based, highly alpha-selective O-sialylation with N-acetyl-5-N,4-O-carbonyl-protected p-tolyl thiosialoside donor. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chu KC, Ren CT, Lu CP, Hsu CH, Sun TH, Han JL, Pal B, Chao TA, Lin YF, Wu SH, Wong CH, Wu CY. Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2→9) Oligosialic Acids: From Monomers to Dodecamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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30
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Chu KC, Ren CT, Lu CP, Hsu CH, Sun TH, Han JL, Pal B, Chao TA, Lin YF, Wu SH, Wong CH, Wu CY. Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2→9) Oligosialic Acids: From Monomers to Dodecamers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9391-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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31
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Harris BN, Patel PP, Gobble CP, Stark MJ, De Meo C. C-5 Modified S-Benzoxazolyl Sialyl Donors: Towards More Efficient Selective Sialylations. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Hanashima S. Recent Strategies for Stereoselective Sialylation and Their Application to the Synthesis of Oligosialosides. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2011. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.23.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Manabe S, Ishii K, Ito Y. N-Benzyl-2,3-trans-Carbamate-Bearing Glycosyl Donors for 1,2-cis-Selective Glycosylation Reactions. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sahabuddin S, Chang TC, Lin CC, Jan FD, Hsiao HY, Huang KT, Chen JH, Horng JC, Ho JAA, Lin CC. Synthesis of N-modified sTn analogs and evaluation of their immunogenicities by microarray-based immunoassay. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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35
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Lin CC, Lin NP, Sahabuddin LS, Reddy VR, Huang LD, Hwang KC, Lin CC. 5-N,4-O-Carbonyl-7,8,9-tri-O-chloroacetyl-Protected Sialyl Donor for the Stereoselective Synthesis of α-(2→9)-Tetrasialic Acid. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4921-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100824s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Pin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - L. Sk Sahabuddin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Vijaya Raghava Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-De Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Chu Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Rd, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Abstract
Glycans are ubiquitous components of all organisms. Efforts to elucidate glycan function and to understand how they are assembled and disassembled can reap benefits in fields ranging from bioenergy to human medicine. Significant advances in our knowledge of glycan biosynthesis and function are emerging, and chemical biology approaches are accelerating the pace of discovery. Novel strategies for assembling oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and other glycoconjugates are providing access to critical materials for interrogating glycan function. Chemoselective reactions that facilitate the synthesis of glycan-substituted imaging agents, arrays, and materials are yielding compounds to interrogate and perturb glycan function and dysfunction. To complement these advances, small molecules are being generated that inhibit key glycan-binding proteins or biosynthetic enzymes. These examples illustrate how chemical glycobiology is providing new insight into the functional roles of glycans and new opportunities to interfere with or exploit these roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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Hsu CH, Chu KC, Lin YS, Han JL, Peng YS, Ren CT, Wu CY, Wong CH. Highly Alpha-Selective Sialyl Phosphate Donors for Efficient Preparation of Natural Sialosides. Chemistry 2010; 16:1754-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Boltje TJ, Buskas T, Boons GJ. Opportunities and challenges in synthetic oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate research. Nat Chem 2009; 1:611-22. [PMID: 20161474 PMCID: PMC2794050 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are increasingly used as probes for biological research and as lead compounds for drug and vaccine discovery. These endeavors are, however, complicated by a lack of general methods for the routine preparation of this important class of compounds. Recent development such as one-pot multi-step protecting group manipulations, the use of unified monosaccharide building blocks, the introduction of stereoselective glycosylation protocols, and convergent strategies for oligosaccharide assembly, are beginning to address these problems. Furthermore, oligosaccharide synthesis can be facilitated by chemo-enzymatic methods, which employ a range of glycosyl transferases to modify a synthetic oligosaccharide precursor. Glycosynthases, which are mutant glycosidases, that can readily form glycosidic linkages are addressing a lack of a wide range glycosyltransferases. The power of carbohydrate chemistry is highlighted by an ability to synthesize glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Boltje
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, USA
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Muthana S, Cao H, Chen X. Recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:573-81. [PMID: 19833544 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The important roles that carbohydrates play in biological processes and their potential application in diagnosis, therapeutics, and vaccine development have made them attractive synthetic targets. Despite ongoing challenges, tremendous progresses have been made in recent years for the synthesis of carbohydrates. The chemical glycosylation methods have become more sophisticated and the synthesis of oligosaccharides has become more predictable. Simplified one-pot glycosylation strategy and automated synthesis are increasingly used to obtain biologically important glycans. On the other hand, chemoenzymatic synthesis continues to be a powerful alternative for obtaining complex carbohydrates. This review highlights recent progress in chemical and chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates with a particular focus on the methods developed for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, glycolipids, and glycosylated natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Muthana
- Department of Chemistry, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
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Hanashima S, Sato KI, Ito Y, Yamaguchi Y. Silylene/Oxazolidinone Double-Locked Sialic Acid Building Blocks for Efficient Sialylation Reactions in Dichloromethane. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Tanaka H, Nishiura Y, Takahashi T. Stereoselective Synthesis of α(2,9) Di- to Tetrasialic Acids, Using a 5,4-N,O-Carbonyl Protected Thiosialoside. J Org Chem 2009; 74:4383-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishiura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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