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Wang S, Cheng Y, Wang X, Yang Q, Liu W. Tracing of Acyl Carrier Protein-channeled Mitomycin Intermediates in Streptomyces caespitosus Facilitates Characterization of the Biosynthetic Steps for AHBA-GlcN Formation and Processing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14945-14956. [PMID: 35943208 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitomycins are a family of naturally occurring, potent alkylating agents in which the C member has been clinically used for cancer chemotherapy for over 5 decades. In Streptomyces caespitosus, mitomycins are derived from an N-glycoside composed of a 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) unit and a d-glucosamine (GlcN) unit; however, how this N-glycoside is formed and rearranged to a mitosane, for example, the compact polycyclic ring system of mitomycin C, remains elusive. Benefiting from the development of a method used to trace the mitomycin intermediates that accumulate on an acyl carrier protein (ACP), we here dissect the enzymatic steps for AHBA-GlcN formation and processing to underlie the mitosane structure. Following the N-glycosylation of AHBA with activated N-acetyl-GlcN, deacetylation occurs on ACP to provide AHBA-GlcN. Then, the sugar portion of this N-glycoside is transformed into a linear aminodiol that terminates with an epoxyethane, yielding an ACP-channeled intermediate that is ready for mitosane formation through crosslinking between the AHBA and linearized sugar units. This transformation is unusual and relies on the functional association of a dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)-dependent protein with a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine protein. Characterization of these ACP-based enzymatic steps for AHBA-GlcN formation and processing sheds light on the poorly understood biosynthetic pathway of mitomycins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Nguyen HP, Yokoyama K. Characterization of Acyl Carrier Protein-Dependent Glycosyltransferase in Mitomycin C Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2019; 58:2804-2808. [PMID: 31188570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitomycins make up a group of antitumor natural products that are biosynthesized from aminohydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). While the biosynthetic gene cluster was reported two decades ago, the mechanism by which the two building blocks, AHBA and GlcNAc, are coupled during biosynthesis remained uncharacterized. Here we report evidence that AHBA is first loaded onto an MmcB acyl carrier protein (ACP) by a MitE acyl ACP synthetase, followed by a transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc by MitB. The results suggest that the early steps of mitomycin biosynthesis proceed via intermediates linked to MmcB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States
| | - Kenichi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , North Carolina 27710 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708-0354 , United States
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3
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Ando K, Takao M, Oyama I, Furuta K. One-Pot Preparation of Ethyl 2(Z)-4-(Anilinoxy)pentenoate by α-Aminoxylation of Propanal Followed by Z-Selective HWE Reaction and the Study on Its Cyclization Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Napolitano T, Cheng SY, Nielsen B, Choi C, Aguilar W, Paz MM, Sapse AM, Champeil E. Acetone promoted 1,4-migration of an alkoxycarbonyl group on a syn-1,2-diamine. Tetrahedron Lett 2017; 58:597-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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5
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Franke J, Hertweck C. Biomimetic Thioesters as Probes for Enzymatic Assembly Lines: Synthesis, Applications, and Challenges. Cell Chem Biol 2016; 23:1179-1192. [PMID: 27693058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thioesters play essential roles in many biosynthetic pathways to fatty acids, esters, polyketides, and non-ribosomal peptides. Coenzyme A (CoA) and related phosphopantetheine thioesters are typically employed as activated acyl units for diverse C-C, C-O, and C-N coupling reactions. To study and control these enzymatic assembly lines in vitro and in vivo structurally simplified analogs such as N-acetylcysteamine (NAC) thioesters have been developed. This review gives an overview on experimental strategies enabled by synthetic NAC thioesters, such as the elucidation of complex biosynthetic pathways and enzyme mechanisms as well as precursor-directed biosynthesis and mutasynthesis. The review also summarizes synthetic protocols and protection group strategies to access these versatile synthetic tools, which are reactive and often unstable compounds. In addition, alternative phosphopantetheine thioester mimics are presented that can be used as protein tags or suicide inhibitors for protein crosslinking and off-loading probes to elucidate polyketide intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Franke
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Hertweck
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology (HKI), Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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6
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7
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Williams RM. Natural products synthesis: enabling tools to penetrate Nature's secrets of biogenesis and biomechanism. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4221-59. [PMID: 21438619 PMCID: PMC3174107 DOI: 10.1021/jo2003693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selected examples from our laboratory of how synthetic technology platforms developed for the total synthesis of several disparate families of natural products was harnessed to penetrate biomechanistic and/or biosynthetic queries is discussed. Unexpected discoveries of biomechanistic reactivity and/or penetrating the biogenesis of naturally occurring substances were made possible through access to substances available only through chemical synthesis. Hypothesis-driven total synthesis programs are emerging as very useful conceptual templates for penetrating and exploiting the inherent reactivity of biologically active natural substances. In many instances, new enabling synthetic technologies were required to be developed. The examples demonstrate the often untapped richness of complex molecule synthesis to provide powerful tools to understand, manipulate and exploit Nature's vast and creative palette of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.
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Lin C, Kuo CY, Liao KS, Yang WB. Monosaccharide-NAIM derivatives for D-, L-configurational analysis. Molecules 2011; 16:652-64. [PMID: 21242944 PMCID: PMC6259221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The D-, L-enantiomeric pairs of common monosaccharides (xylose, ribose, rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, glucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid) were derivatized with 2,3-naphthalenediamine to form the corresponding D-, L-aldo-NAIM derivatives. A simple and facile capillary electrophoretic method was established for sugar composition analysis by simultaneously determining the migration times of these aldo-NAIMs using borate buffer at high pH (100 mM, pH 9.0). The methodology is also applicable to sialic acid (ketose monosaccharides). The quantitation level of the proposed method was in the 10~500 ppm range and the LOD was 1 ppm. The enantioseparation of D, L pairs of aldo-NAIMs were also achieved by using modified sulfated−α−cyclodextrin as the chiral selector in phosphate buffer (300 mM, pH 3.0). In addition, the combination by reductive amination of amino-aldo-NAIM agent and D-, L-enantiomeric pairs of monosaccharides formed a diastereomeric pair for saccharide configuration analysis. Aldo-NAIM derivatives are thus shown to be rapid and efficient agents for analyzing saccharide compositions and configurations with good linearity and short analysis times via capillary electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +886-2-27871264; Fax: +886-2-27871264
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Floss HG, Yu TW, Arakawa K. The biosynthesis of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), the precursor of mC7N units in ansamycin and mitomycin antibiotics: a review. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2010; 64:35-44. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2010.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Aziridinomitosane ketones 4 and 24 are accessed by internal acyl anion equivalent-lactam cyclization of 29 in a convergent route. The key aziridinolactam 6 is prepared by tin-lithium exchange via the lithiated aziridine 11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Wiedner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Bandini M, Bottoni A, Eichholzer A, Miscione GP, Stenta M. Asymmetric Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Alkylation of Indoles and Pyrroles: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Investigation. Chemistry 2010; 16:12462-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 51‐2099456
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 51‐2099456
| | - Astrid Eichholzer
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 51‐2099456
| | - Gian Pietro Miscione
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna via Selmi 2, 40126 (Italy), Fax: (+39) 51‐2099456
| | - Marco Stenta
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Modeling, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne (CH)
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Andrez JC. Mitomycins syntheses: a recent update. Beilstein J Org Chem 2009; 5:33. [PMID: 19777135 PMCID: PMC2748694 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.5.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitomycins are a class of very potent antibacterial and anti-cancer compounds having a broad activity against a range of tumours. They have been used in clinics since the 1960's, and the challenges represented by their total synthesis have challenged generations of chemists. Despite these chemical and medicinal features, these compounds, in racemic form, have succumbed to total synthesis only four times over the last 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Andrez
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z1, Canada.
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