1
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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2
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Montà-González G, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Martí-Centelles V. Purely Covalent Molecular Cages and Containers for Guest Encapsulation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13636-13708. [PMID: 35867555 PMCID: PMC9413269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cage compounds offer unique binding pockets similar to enzyme-binding sites, which can be customized in terms of size, shape, and functional groups to point toward the cavity and many other parameters. Different synthetic strategies have been developed to create a toolkit of methods that allow preparing tailor-made organic cages for a number of distinct applications, such as gas separation, molecular recognition, molecular encapsulation, hosts for catalysis, etc. These examples show the versatility and high selectivity that can be achieved using cages, which is impossible by employing other molecular systems. This review explores the progress made in the field of fully organic molecular cages and containers by focusing on the properties of the cavity and their application to encapsulate guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Montà-González
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez-Máñez
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,CIBER
de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain,Centro
de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF
de Investigación de Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina,
Valencia, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46012 Valencia, Spain,Instituto
de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Unidad Mixta de Investigación
en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Universitat
Politènica de València, 46026 València, Spain,Departamento
de Química, Universitat Politècnica
de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain,R.M.-M.: email,
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto
Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular
y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat
Politècnica de València, Universitat de València. Camino de Vera, s/n 46022, Valencia, Spain,V.M.-C.:
email,
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3
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Aizawa T, Akine S, Saiki T, Nakamura T, Nabeshima T. Rotaxane formation by an allosteric pseudomacrocyclic anion receptor utilising kinetically labile copper( i) coordination properties. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:17277-17282. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03331c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pseudomacrocyclic receptor with hydrogen bonding units spontaneously generates a rotaxane with an anionic axle possessing large end groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Aizawa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology and WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Saiki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences and Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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4
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Ramakrishna E, Tang JD, Tao JJ, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Huang J, Li S. Self-assembly of chiral BINOL cages via imine condensation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9088-9091. [PMID: 34498622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of an (S)- or (R)-BINOL-derived dialdehyde and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine produced chiral [2+3] imine cages, which were further reduced to furnish more stable chiral amine cages and applied in the enantioselective recognition of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramakrishna
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Dong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jia-Ju Tao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Qiang Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China. .,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jianying Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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5
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Zhang Z, Shao Y, Tang J, Jiang J, Wang L, Li S. Supramolecular asymmetric catalysis mediated by crown ethers and related recognition systems. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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6
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Shao YG, He L, Mao QQ, Hong T, Ying XW, Zhang Z, Li S, Stang PJ. Efficient one-pot synthesis of [3]catenanes based on Pt( ii) metallacycles with a flexible building block. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three [3]catenanes were fabricated in high efficiency through the self-assembly of a 90° platinum(ii) receptor, a flexible bis(4,4′-bipyridinium) donor and a crown ether (DB24C8 or DB30C10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Guang Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Lang He
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xin-Wen Ying
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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7
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La Cognata S, Miljkovic A, Mobili R, Bergamaschi G, Amendola V. Organic Cages as Building Blocks for Mechanically Interlocked Molecules: Towards Molecular Machines. Chempluschem 2020; 85:1145-1155. [PMID: 32490593 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The research on systems able to perform controllable motions under external stimuli arises great interest in the scientific community. Over the years, a library of innovative devices has been produced, classified in different categories according to the molecular or supramolecular level of motion. This minireview aims to highlight some representative studies, in which organic cages are used as building blocks for mechanically interlocked molecules, and in which intramolecular motions are triggered by external input. However, the application of organic cages in the construction of molecular machines is hardly achieved. A good compromise must actually be reached, between flexibility and rigidity of the cage's framework for an effective control of the intra- and/or intermolecular motion in the final mechanical device. Our final goal is to stimulate researchers' curiosity towards cage-like molecules, so that they take on the challenge of converting a cage into a molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia La Cognata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mobili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- National Research Council of Italy, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Via M. Bianco 9, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Amendola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V. le Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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8
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Zhu K, Loeb SJ. A hydrogen-bonded polymer constructed from mechanically interlocked, suit[1]ane monomers. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A T-shaped 2,4,7-substituted benzimidazolium “axle” with two ester functionalities and a 24-membered crown ether “wheel” with appendages containing terminal olefin groups were threaded — axle through wheel — to form a [2]pseudorotaxane. Grubbs’ ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was then used to form a third loop and create a bicyclic cage that fully encapsulates the axle and permanently interlocks the two molecular components creating a suit[1]ane. There are no bulky groups on the axle to prevent unthreading, but the axle is trapped due to the cage-like nature of the newly created polyether host. After hydrolysis of the esters groups to carboxylic acids, this novel mechanically interlocked molecule (MIM) polymerizes in the solid state. The structure of the resulting supramolecular polymer was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and contains linear one-dimensional tapes of suit[1]ane monomers linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the carboxylic acid groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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9
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Kotha S, Aswar VR, Ansari S. Selectivity in Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Synthesis of Propellanes and Angular Aza‐tricycles. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
| | - Vikas R. Aswar
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
| | - Saima Ansari
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai Mumbai- 400 076 India
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L. Mako
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Joan M. Racicot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Mindy Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rhode Island, 140 Flagg Road, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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11
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Lar C, Woiczechowski-Pop A, Bende A, Grosu IG, Miklášová N, Bogdan E, Hădade ND, Terec A, Grosu I. A three-armed cryptand with triazine and pyridine units: synthesis, structure and complexation with polycyclic aromatic compounds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:1370-1377. [PMID: 29977401 PMCID: PMC6009098 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction based synthesis of a three-armed cryptand displaying 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine units as caps and pyridine rings in the bridges, along with NMR, MS and molecular modelling-based structural analysis of this compound are reported. Appropriate NMR and molecular modelling investigations proved the formation of 1:1 host–guest assemblies between the investigated cryptand and some polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons or their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lar
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath str., RO-400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Woiczechowski-Pop
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Bende
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath str., RO-400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Georgeta Grosu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath str., RO-400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Natalia Miklášová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakova 8, 83104, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Bogdan
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Niculina Daniela Hădade
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anamaria Terec
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ion Grosu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry and SOOMCC, Cluj-Napoca, 11 Arany Janos str., 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Amendola V, Miljkovic A, Legnani L, Toma L, Dondi D, Lazzaroni S. Self-Assembly of Pseudorotaxane Structures from a Dicopper(II) Molecular Cage and Dicarboxylate Axles. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3540-3547. [PMID: 29327916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we employed for the first time a dinuclear bis[tris(2-aminoethyl)amine] cryptate to obtain the self-assembly of pseudorotaxane structures in an aqueous solution. The goal was achieved by exploiting the well-known affinity of the dicopper azacryptate with diphenyl spacers for the terephthalate anion. In particular, a series of molecular threads were synthesized by appending either alkyl or polyoxyethylene chains on both sides of the terephthalate benzene ring. The obtained dicarboxylic acids were precipitated as sodium salts, and their affinity toward the dicopper azacryptate was determined in a methanol/water mixture (pH 7). Experimental investigations showed that the chains' length and nature have a small impact on the 1:1 binding constants, whose values range between 4.98 and 5.18 log units. Computational studies indicated that the molecular axle is threaded through the azacryptate cavity, with the terephthalate group wedged between the two copper ions, coordinating both of them in the apical position (the one that, in the free azacryptate, is occupied by a water molecule). Compared to the inclusion complex with the plain terephthalate anion, a slight strain was found in the pseudorotaxane structure, induced by the inner chain of the thread inside the cavity. These results may be of great interest in all of the fields of science and technology in which host-guest recognition and molecular cages are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Amendola
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Laura Legnani
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
| | - Simone Lazzaroni
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pavia , via Taramelli 12 , I-27100 Pavia , Italy
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13
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Han X, Liu G, Liu SH, Yin J. Synthesis of rotaxanes and catenanes using an imine clipping reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:10331-10351. [PMID: 27714207 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly provide a valuable chance to understand the complicated topological structures on a molecular level. Two types of classical mechanically interlocked molecules, rotaxanes and catenanes, possess non-covalent mechanical bonds and have attracted more attention not only in supramolecular chemistry but also in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology and bioscience. In the past decades, the template-directed clipping reaction based on imine chemistry has become one of the most efficient methods for the construction of functionalized rotaxanes and catenanes. In this review, we outlined the main progress of rotaxanes and catenanes using the template-directed clipping approach of imine chemistry. The review contains the novel topological structures of rotaxanes and catenanes, functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Guotao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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14
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Quaglio D, Zappia G, De Paolis E, Balducci S, Botta B, Ghirga F. Olefin metathesis reaction as a locking tool for macrocycle and mechanomolecule construction. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00728d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present review deals with an updated visit to the olefin metathesis reaction as a powerful tool for the construction of sophisticated macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Quaglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Giovanni Zappia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari
- Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo”
- 61029 Urbino
- Italy
| | - Elisa De Paolis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza
| | - Silvia Balducci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Bruno Botta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco
- Sapienza Università di Roma
- 00185 Rome
- Italy
| | - Francesca Ghirga
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
- 00161 Rome
- Italy
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15
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López-Vidal EM, Prokofjevs A, Gibbs-Hall IC, Dale EJ, Quintela JM, Peinador C. Studies towards the synthesis of Pd(ii)-containing [2] and [3]catenanes in aqueous media. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:2492-2496. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04792d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here is reported the investigation of a synthetic route for the preparation of Pd(ii)-containing catenanes in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. López-Vidal
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA). Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- A Coruña
- Spain
| | - A. Prokofjevs
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | | | - E. J. Dale
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - J. M. Quintela
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA). Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- A Coruña
- Spain
| | - C. Peinador
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA). Facultade de Ciencias
- Universidade da Coruña
- A Coruña
- Spain
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16
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Zhu K, Baggi G, Vukotic VN, Loeb SJ. Reversible mechanical protection: building a 3D "suit" around a T-shaped benzimidazole axle. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3898-3904. [PMID: 28626559 PMCID: PMC5465563 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00790f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-shaped benzimidazolium/crown ether recognition motif was used to prepare suit[1]anes. These novel mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. By conversion to a suit[1]ane, a simple benzimidazole was shown to be protected from deprotonation by strong base. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this unique three-dimensional encapsulation can be made reversible, thus introducing the concept of "reversible mechanical protection"; a protecting methodology that may have potential applications in synthetic organic chemistry and the design of molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , 510275 , P. R. China .
| | - Giorgio Baggi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada .
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17
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Niu Z, Huang F, Gibson HW. Steric effects on complexation of bis(
meta
‐phenylene)‐32‐crown‐10 derivatives with paraquats. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA USA
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18
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Naveen, Babu SA. An entry into new classes of optically active aza-oxo polyether macrocycles via the ring closing metathesis-based macrocyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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High-yield preparation of new crown ether-based cryptands and improving complexation with paraquat, paraquat derivatives and diquat. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Cheng M, Liu L, Cao Y, Jiang J, Wang L. A Phosphine Oxide Functional Group Based [2]Rotaxane That Operates as a Multistable Molecular Shuttle. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1835-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yihan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 China
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21
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Wang K, Yee CC, Au-Yeung HY. Facile syntheses of [3]-, [4]- and [6]catenanes templated by orthogonal supramolecular interactions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2787-2792. [PMID: 28660056 PMCID: PMC5477039 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A branched [6]catenane was synthesised under aqueous conditions in high yield using orthogonal supramolecular interactions as a template.
A water soluble [6]catenane consisting of two interlocking [3]catenanes was synthesised in 91% yield using readily accessible precursors. The new strategy features the simultaneous use of orthogonal Cu+–phenanthroline and CB[6]–ammonium interactions for preorganising the precursors and the efficient CB[6]-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition as bond forming reactions for ring closing, resulting in high structural complexity and fidelity of the products without compromising interlocking efficiency. A related [4]catenane with three different types of macrocycles was also obtained in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Chi-Chung Yee
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
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22
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Wang SP, Shen YF, Zhu BY, Wu J, Li S. Recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10205-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article reviews recent advances in the template-directed synthesis of porphyrin nanorings, including new templating methods, novel structures, and their applications in host–guest chemistry and artificial light-harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ping Wang
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Feng Shen
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Ben-Yue Zhu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hangzhou Normal University
- Hangzhou 310036
- P. R. China
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23
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Yu G, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Ferrocene-containing [1]-, [2]-, [3]- and [4]rotaxanes synthesized from a common precursor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra05688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[1]-, [2]-, [3]- and [4]rotaxanes were synthesized by reaction of azide compounds with dialkylammonium with ferrocenyl and alkynyl terminal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Yu
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
- Ateneo de Manila University
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory R1-3
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
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24
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Wadhwa NR, Hughes NC, Hachem JA, Mezei G. Metal-templated synthesis of intertwined, functionalized strands as precursors to molecularly woven materials. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25584h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach toward molecularly woven materials is presented, based on metal-templated precursors containing intertwined strands with functional endings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil C. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo
- USA
| | | | - Gellert Mezei
- Department of Chemistry
- Western Michigan University
- Kalamazoo
- USA
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25
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Li Z, Han Y, Jin F, Gao Z, Gao Z, Ao L, Wang F. Bis[alkynylplatinum(ii)] terpyridine molecular tweezer with conformationally-rigid spacer: modulating the binding selectivity in a three-component supramolecular recognition system. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17290-17295. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of binding selectivity in a three-component molecular tweezer/guest recognition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Yifei Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Fan Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Zongchun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Zhao Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Lei Ao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
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26
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Xu JF, Huang Z, Chen L, Qin B, Song Q, Wang Z, Zhang X. Supramolecular Polymerization Controlled by Reversible Conformational Modulation. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1410-1414. [PMID: 35614792 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a new method for fabricating supramolecular polymers with controlled structure and molecular weight through reversible conformational modulation. To this end, the crown-ether-based "taco complex" was introduced. We prepared a monomer containing a bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10 in the core, which can supramolecularly polymerize efficiently in solution. When the conformation of the crown ether core was folded into a taco complex, the linear supramolecular polymerization could be significantly depressed, thus decreasing the molecular weight of the supramolecular polymer. In addition, extracting the depolymerizing agent with aqueous solution of cucurbit[7]uril could disassociate the taco complex and regenerate the supramolecular polymer with molecular weight as high as before. It is anticipated that this study can provide a facile and general methodology for controllable supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zehuan Huang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linghui Chen
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiao Song
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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27
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Gibbs-Hall IC, Vermeulen NA, Dale EJ, Henkelis JJ, Blackburn AK, Barnes JC, Stoddart JF. Catenation through a Combination of Radical Templation and Ring-Closing Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15640-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Gibbs-Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Nicolaas A. Vermeulen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Edward J. Dale
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - James J. Henkelis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Anthea K. Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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28
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Naveen, Babu SA. Ring-closing metathesis reaction-based synthesis of new classes of polyether macrocyclic systems. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Prusty S, Krishnaswamy S, Bandi S, Chandrika B, Luo J, McIndoe JS, Hanan GS, Chand DK. Reversible Mechanical Interlocking of D-Shaped Molecular Karabiners bearing Coordination-Bond Loaded Gates: Route to Self-Assembled [2]Catenanes. Chemistry 2015; 21:15174-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Kotha S, Shirbhate ME, Waghule GT. Selected synthetic strategies to cyclophanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1274-1331. [PMID: 26425186 PMCID: PMC4578384 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review we cover various approaches to meta- and paracyclophanes involving popular reactions. Generally, we have included a strategy where the reaction was used for assembling the cyclophane skeleton for further functionalization. In several instances, after the cyclophane is made several popular reactions are used and these are not covered here. We included various natural products related to cyclophanes. To keep the length of the review at a manageable level the literature related to orthocyclophanes was not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Mukesh Eknath Shirbhate
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Gopalkrushna T Waghule
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
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31
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Ye Y, Wang SP, Zhu B, Cook TR, Wu J, Li S, Stang PJ. Self-assembly of [3]catenanes and a [4]molecular necklace based on a cryptand/paraquat recognition motif. Org Lett 2015; 17:2804-7. [PMID: 25996900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchical self-assembly centered on metallacyclic scaffolds greatly facilitates the construction of mechanically interlocked structures. The formation of two [3]catenanes and one [4]molecular necklace is presented by utilizing the orthogonality of coordination-driven self-assembly and crown ether-based cryptand/paraquat derivative complexation. The threaded [3]catenanes and [4]molecular necklace were fabricated by using ten and nine total molecular components, respectively, from four and three unique species in solution, respectively. In all cases single supramolecular ensembles were obtained, attesting to the high degree of structural complexity made possible via self-assembly approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- †College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Ping Wang
- †College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- †College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Timothy R Cook
- §Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 856 Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- †College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Li
- †College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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32
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Saha S, Santra S, Ghosh P. [2]Pseudorotaxane composed of heteroditopic macrobicycle and pyridine N-oxide based axle: recognition site dependent axle orientation. Org Lett 2015; 17:1854-7. [PMID: 25825821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for threading an axle having a hydrogen bond acceptor unit in the cavity of a C3v symmetric amido-amine macrobicycle is investigated. The macrobicycle acts as a wheel in its neutral as well as triprotonated states to form threaded architectures with a pyridine N-oxide derivative. The negative oxygen dipole of the axle is capable of [2]pseudorotaxane formation in two different orientations with the wheel in its neutral and triprotonated states.
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33
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Xue M, Yang Y, Chi X, Yan X, Huang F. Development of Pseudorotaxanes and Rotaxanes: From Synthesis to Stimuli-Responsive Motions to Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7398-501. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 605] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Lin F, Zhao X. A series of polyaromatic hydrocarbons conjugated viologens: synthesis, supramolecular structures in solid state, and electrochemical and photophysical properties. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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35
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Wang Q, Cheng M, Xiong S, Hu XY, Jiang J, Wang L, Pan Y. PO functional group-containing cryptands: from supramolecular complexes to poly[2]pseudorotaxanes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:2667-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Host–guest systems based on PO functional group-containing cryptands and the corresponding supramolecular poly[2]pseudorotaxanes with different shapes were constructed successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Shuhan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Xiao-Yu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Juli Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
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36
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37
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Wang Q, Cheng M, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Jiang J, Wang L, Pan Y. Redox-switchable host–guest systems based on a bisthiotetrathiafulvalene-bridged cryptand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15585-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Tang B, Yang HM, Hu WJ, Ma ML, Liu YA, Li JS, Jiang B, Wen K. 1,8-Dioxyanthracene-Derived Crown Ethers: Synthesis, Complexation with Paraquat and Assembly of a Tetracationic Cyclophane-Crown Ether Based [2]Catenane. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Zhang M, Yan X, Huang F, Niu Z, Gibson HW. Stimuli-responsive host-guest systems based on the recognition of cryptands by organic guests. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1995-2005. [PMID: 24804805 DOI: 10.1021/ar500046r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: As the star compounds in host-guest chemistry, the syntheses of crown ethers proclaimed the birth of supramolecular chemistry. Crown ether-based host-guest systems have attracted great attention in self-assembly processes because of their good selectivity, high efficiency, and convenient responsiveness, enabling their facile application to the "bottom-up" approach for construction of functional molecular aggregates, such as artificial molecular machines, drug delivery materials, and supramolecular polymers. Cryptands, as preorganized derivatives of crown ethers, not only possess the above-mentioned properties but also have three-dimensional spatial structures and higher association constants compared with crown ethers. More importantly, the introduction of the additional arms makes cryptand-based host-guest systems responsive to more stimuli, which is crucial for the construction of adaptive or smart materials. In the past decade, we designed and synthesized crown ether-based cryptands as a new type of host for small organic guests with the purpose of greatly increasing the stabilities of the host-guest complexes and preparing mechanically interlocked structures and large supramolecular systems more efficiently while retaining or increasing their stimuli-responsiveness. Organic molecules such as paraquat derivatives and secondary ammonium salts have been widely used in the fabrication of functional supramolecular aggregates. Many host molecules including crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cucurbiturils, pillararenes, and cryptands have been used in the preparation of self-assembled structures with these guest molecules, but among them cryptands exhibit the best stabilities with paraquat derivatives in organic solvents due to their preorganization and additional and optimized binding sites. They enable the construction of sophisticated molecules or supramolecules in high yields, affording a very efficient way to fabricate stimuli-responsive functional supramolecular systems. This Account mainly focuses on the application of cryptands in the construction of mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes, and stimuli-responsive host-guest systems such as molecular switches and supramolecular polymers due to their good host-guest properties. These cryptands are bicyclic derivatives of crown ethers, including dibenzo-24-crown-8, bis(m-phenylene)-26-crown-8, dibenzo-30-crown-10, and bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10. The length of the third arm has a very important influence on the binding strength of these cryptands with organic guests, because it affects not only the size fit between the host and the guest but also the distances and angles that govern the strengths of the noncovalent interactions between the host and the guest. For example, for bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10-based cryptands, a third arm of nine atoms is the best. The environmental responsiveness of these cryptand-based host-guest systems arises from either the crown ether units or the third arms. For example, a dibenzo-24-crown-8 unit introduces potassium cation responsiveness and an azobenzene group on the third arm imbues photoresponsiveness. We believe that studies on stimuli-responsive host-guest systems based on cryptands and organic guests will contribute significantly to future research on molecular devices, supramolecular polymers, and other functional supramolecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feihe Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenbin Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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40
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Zhu K, Vukotic VN, O’Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Metal–Organic Frameworks with Mechanically Interlocked Pillars: Controlling Ring Dynamics in the Solid-State via a Reversible Phase Change. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7403-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - V. Nicholas Vukotic
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Christopher A. O’Keefe
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Robert W. Schurko
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada, N9B 3P4
| | - Stephen J. Loeb
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario Canada, N9B 3P4
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41
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Zhou Q, Luo Y, Jiang H, Ye Y, Zhang Q, Dai G, Chen R. [2]Pseudorotaxanes Based on Naphtho-21-crown-7 and Secondary Dialkylammonium Salts: Remarkably Improved Association Constants Among Four Threaded Structures. CHINESE J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201400049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Threaded structures based on the recognition of 1,5-dinaphtho-crown ethers to paraquat and vinylogous viologen derivatives: host–guest complexations, X-ray crystal structures, and self-assembly superstructures. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Chakraborty S, Tai DF. Synthesis of triazole cages containing C3-symmetric α-cyclic tripeptide scaffold. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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44
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Xu JF, Chen YZ, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Yang QZ. Synthesis of a Photoresponsive Cryptand and Its Complexations with Paraquat and 2,7-Diazapyrenium. Org Lett 2014; 16:684-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol403343s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fei Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhe Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zheng Yang
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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45
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Gao L, Xu D, Zheng B. Construction of supramolecular organogels and hydrogels from crown ether based unsymmetric bolaamphiphiles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12142-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc06048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bolaamphiphilic low-molecular-weight gelators based on crown ethers, which could form organogels and hydrogels, were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Donghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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46
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Qiu XP, Korchagina EV, Rolland J, Winnik FM. Synthesis of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) charm bracelet decorated with a photomobile α-cyclodextrin charm. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) with an interlocked α-cyclodextrin was prepared using supramolecular interactions with an azobenzene group inserted in the PNIPAM ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ping Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Evgeniya V. Korchagina
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Jessica Rolland
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry and Faculty of Pharmacy
- University of Montreal
- Montreal, Canada H3C 3J7
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center Initiative
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
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47
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48
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Li J, Wei P, Wu X, Xue M, Yan X. Three protocols for the formation of a [3]pseudorotaxane via orthogonal cryptand-based host-guest recognition and coordination-driven self-assembly. Org Lett 2013; 15:4984-7. [PMID: 24059808 DOI: 10.1021/ol402294q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10-based cryptand 1 with a pyridine nitrogen atom outside on the third arm was designed and synthesized. Subsequently, host-guest complexation between cryptand 1 and a selection of bipyridinium guests has been studied. More interestingly, the [3]pseudorotaxane 2 is a superset of 5(2) was obtained in three methods by utilizing the noninterfering orthogonal nature of coordination-driven self-assembly and host-guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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49
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Wang LY, Ko JL, Lai CC, Liu YH, Peng SM, Chiu SH. Using “Threading Followed by Shrinking” to Synthesize Highly Stable Dialkylammonium-Ion-Based Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2013; 19:8850-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Yi JM, Ni XL, Xiao X, Lu LB, Xue SF, Zhu QJ, Tao Z. Complexation of sym-bis(benzimidazole)-2,2′-ethylene salts with cucurbit[6]uril derivatives: A potential axle molecule for pseudorotaxanes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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