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Aleti RR, Festa AA, Voskressensky LG, Van der Eycken EV. Synthetic Strategies in the Preparation of Phenanthridinones. Molecules 2021; 26:5560. [PMID: 34577030 PMCID: PMC8466741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthridinones are important heterocyclic frameworks present in a variety of complex natural products, pharmaceuticals and displaying wide range of pharmacological actions. Its structural importance has evoked a great deal of interest in the domains of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry to develop new synthetic methodologies, as well as novel compounds of pharmaceutical interest. This review focuses on the synthesis of phenanthridinone scaffolds by employing aryl-aryl, N-aryl, and biaryl coupling reactions, decarboxylative amidations, and photocatalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwar Reddy Aleti
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Alexey A. Festa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Organic Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia; (R.R.A.); (A.A.F.); (L.G.V.)
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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2
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Hendrich CM, Senn S, Haas L, Hoffmann MT, Zschieschang U, Greiner LC, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Klauk H, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. "Golden" Cascade Cyclization to Benzo[c]-Phenanthridines. Chemistry 2021; 27:14778-14784. [PMID: 34310792 PMCID: PMC8597101 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of Boc-protected benzylamines bearing two tethered alkyne moieties in a domino reaction initiated by a 6-endo-dig cyclization. The reaction was screened intensively, and the scope was explored, resulting in nine new Boc-protected dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines with yields of up to 98 %; even a π-extension and two bidirectional approaches were successful. Furthermore, thermal cleavage of the Boc group and subsequent oxidation gave substituted benzo[c]phenanthridines in up to quantitative yields. Two bidirectional approaches under the optimized conditions were successful, and the resulting π-extended molecules were tested as organic semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Hendrich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Senn
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lea Haas
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin T Hoffmann
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Zschieschang
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Luca C Greiner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hagen Klauk
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Manikandan TS, Ramesh R, Semeril D. The Tandem C–H/N–H Activation of N-Methyl Arylamide Catalyzed by Dinuclear Pd(II) Benzhydrazone Complex: A Concise Access to Phenanthridinone. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rengan Ramesh
- Centre for Organometallic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli − 620 024, India
| | - David Semeril
- Universite de Strasbourg, Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique Moleculaire et Catalyse, UMR 7177
CNRS, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67008 Strasbourg, France
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4
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Raviola C, Protti S, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. (Hetero)aromatics from dienynes, enediynes and enyne–allenes. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4364-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the synthesis of (hetero)aromatics starting from polyenes, such as dienynes, enediynes and enyne–allenes, are discussed.
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Wu W, Bi S, Liu Y, Tang Y, Li B. Insight into Pd-catalyzed branching cyclizations of enediyne-imides towards furo[2,3-b]pyridines: a DFT study. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11539-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The DFT mechanisms for Pd-catalyzed branching cyclizations of cross-conjugated enediyne-imides towards furo[2,3-b]pyridines have been investigated to discover the crucial factors of controlling the chemo- and solvent-directed product selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry in Universities of Shandong
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Yanan Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
| | - Bingwen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
- China
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Gulevskaya AV, Tyaglivy AS, Pozharskii AF, Nelina-Nemtseva JI, Steglenko DV. Heterocyclization of Enediynes Promoted by Sodium Azide: A Case of Ambiguity of X-ray Data and Structure Revision. Org Lett 2014; 16:1582-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500125j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Gulevskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Tyaglivy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander F. Pozharskii
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Julia I. Nelina-Nemtseva
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Steglenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Zorge 7, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
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Chen YF, Wu YS, Jhan YH, Hsieh JC. An efficient synthesis of (NH)-phenanthridinones via ligand-free copper-catalyzed annulation. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3qo00082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and concise procedure for the ligand-free copper-catalyzed cascade reaction of C–O and C–N bond coupling was developed to afford various (NH)-phenanthridinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tamkang University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Sheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- Tamkang University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huei Jhan
- Department of Chemistry
- Tamkang University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Jen-Chieh Hsieh
- Department of Chemistry
- Tamkang University
- New Taipei City, Republic of China
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Rossi R, Bellina F, Lessi M, Manzini C. Development and applications of highly selective palladium-catalyzed monocoupling reactions of (cyclo)alkenes and 1,3-alkadienes bearing two or three electrophilic sites and bis(enol triflates) with terminal alkynes. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Gulevskaya AV, Lazarevich RY, Pozharskii AF. Electrophilic cyclizations of 2,3-dialkynylquinoxalines and 1,2-dialkynylbenzenes: a comparative study. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Gulevskaya AV, Tyaglivy AS. Nucleophilic cyclizations of enediynes as a method for polynuclear heterocycle synthesis. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0972-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Gulevskaya AV, Nguyen HT, Tyaglivy AS, Pozharskii AF. New insight into anionic cyclizations of alkynyl- and ortho-dialkynylarenes: a specific reactivity of 3-alkynyl-2-chloro- and 2,3-dialkynylquinoxalines and related compounds toward CH-acids’ carbanions. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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12
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A novel tandem cyclization of condensed 2,3-dialkynylpyrazines into [1,2,3]triazolo[1′,5′;1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazines promoted by sodium azide. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Chang WR, Lo YH, Lee CY, Wu MJ. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Enediynes to Benzopyranones. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200700516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Lee CY, Wu MJ. Synthesis of Benzofulvenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of 1,2-Dialkynylbenzenes. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Lee CY, Lin CF, Lee JL, Chiu CC, Lu WD, Wu MJ. Synthesis of Carbazoles via an Intramolecular Cyclization of 2-(6-Substituted 3(Z)-hexen-1,5-diynyl)anilines and Their Related Molecules. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2106-10. [PMID: 15058959 DOI: 10.1021/jo0303158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Various 2-(6-substituted 3(Z)-hexen-1,5-diynyl)anilines 1a-g were treated with potassium tert-butoxide or potassium 3-ethylpentanoxide in NMP at 60 degrees C for 2 h to give the corresponding 5-substituted carbazoles 2a-g in 36-65% yields together with indoles 9a-g in 21-40% yields, respectively. Exposing the trifluoroacetamide analogues 10h-k under the same reaction conditions gave the carbazoles 2b-e in 37-57% yields and indoles 9b-e in 15-27% yields. Subsequent cyclizations of acetamide analogues 10a-g gave carbazoles 2a-g in 53-86% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Lee
- Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Synthesis, reactions and DNA damaging abilities of 10-membered enediyne-sulfone and related compounds. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Wu MJ, Lin CF, Lu WD. Anionic cycloaromatization of 1-aryl-3-hexen-1,5-diynes initiated by methoxide addition: synthesis of phenanthridinones, benzo[c]phenanthridinones, and biaryls. J Org Chem 2002; 67:5907-12. [PMID: 12182621 DOI: 10.1021/jo010693h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 2-((Z)-6-substituted-3-hexene-1,5-diynyl)benzonitriles with sodium methoxide in refluxing methanol in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent, such as DMSO, HMPA, THF, or 18-crown-6, gave phenanthridinones in 21-77% yields. In these cases, addition of 10% DMSO into the reaction mixture gave the highest yield. On the other hand, methanolysis of 2-(2-(2-alkynylphenyl)ethynyl)benzonitriles under the same reaction conditions gave benzo[c]phenanthridinones in 31-57% yields. Methanolysis of (Z)-1-aryl-3-hexen-1,5-diynes in the presence of 2 equiv of tetrabutylammonium iodide gave biaryls in 14-64% yields. It is found that the reactions with aryl groups bearing electron-withdrawing groups proceeded at greater rates and gave better yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jung Wu
- School of Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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18
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Lin CF, Hsieh PC, Lu WD, Chiu HF, Wu MJ. A series of enediynes as novel inhibitors of topoisomerase I. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:1707-11. [PMID: 11425571 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of acyclic enediynes, 2-((6-substituted)-3-hexen-1,5-diynyl)benzonitriles (8--11), display potent inhibition against topoisomerase I without the formation of active biradical intermediates and show inhibitory activity against topoisomerase I at 10 microM, which is five times that of camptothecin from the results of agarose gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lin
- School of Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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