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Casnati A, Perrone A, Mazzeo PP, Bacchi A, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Maggi R, Maestri G, Motti E, Stirling A, Ca' ND. Synthesis of Imidazolidin-2-ones and Imidazol-2-ones via Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation of Propargylic Ureas under Ambient Conditions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:3477-3490. [PMID: 30788963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first organo-catalyzed synthesis of imidazolidin-2-ones and imidazol-2-ones via intramolecular hydroamidation of propargylic ureas is reported. The phosphazene base BEMP turned out to be the most active organo-catalyst compared with guanidine and amidine bases. Excellent chemo- and regioselectivities to five-membered cyclic ureas have been achieved under ambient conditions, with a wide substrate scope and exceptionally short reaction times (down to 1 min). A base-mediated isomerization step to an allenamide intermediate is the most feasible reaction pathway to give imidazol-2-ones, as suggested by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Casnati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Antonio Perrone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Paolo P Mazzeo
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy.,Biopharmanet-tec , Parco delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alessia Bacchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy.,Biopharmanet-tec , Parco delle Scienze, 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza , Italy
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche , Università della Calabria , 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza , Italy
| | - Raimondo Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Elena Motti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - András Stirling
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry , Research Centre for Natural Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Nicola Della Ca'
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability , University of Parma , 43124 Parma , Italy
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2
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Annulation of tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone with α-iodo ketones. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-018-2302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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3
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Zahrtmann N, Claver C, Godard C, Riisager A, Garcia-Suarez EJ. Selective Oxidative Carbonylation of Aniline to Diphenylurea with Ionic Liquids. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanette Zahrtmann
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Carmen Claver
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry; Universitat Rovira I Virgili; C/Marcel.li Domingo s/n Campus Sescelades 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Anders Riisager
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
- Centre for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; Technical University of Denmark; 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
- Tecnalia, Energy and Environment Division; Parque Tecnológico de Álava; Leonardo Da Vinci, 11 01510 Miñano Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; Maria Diaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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4
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Marchegiani M, Nodari M, Tansini F, Massera C, Mancuso R, Gabriele B, Costa M, Della Ca’ N. Urea derivatives from carbon dioxide and amines by guanidine catalysis: Easy access to imidazolidin-2-ones under solvent-free conditions. J CO2 UTIL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Gerack CJ, McElwee-White L. Formylation of amines. Molecules 2014; 19:7689-713. [PMID: 24918541 PMCID: PMC6270999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to convert amines to formamides are of interest due to the many uses of formamides as synthetic intermediates. These methods include stoichiometric reactions of formylating reagents and catalytic reactions with CO as the carbonyl source. This review discusses the reported stoichiometric and catalytic approaches for preparation of formamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera J Gerack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
| | - Lisa McElwee-White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
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6
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He T, Gao WC, Wang WK, Zhang C. Synthesis of Oxazolidin-2-ones and Imidazolidin-2-ones Directly from 1,3-Diols or 3-Amino Alcohols using Iodobenzene Dichloride and Sodium Azide. Adv Synth Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Yao S, Chen H, Jiang S, Shao X, Cui S. Density functional theory study on the reaction mechanism of synthesizing 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone by urea method. J Mol Model 2012; 19:49-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Velavan A, Sumathi S, Balasubramanian KK. Unsymmetrical tetrasubstituted ureas from tertiary carbamoylimidazole: activation by AlMe3. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6420-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Zhang L, Darko AK, Johns JI, McElwee-White L. Catalytic Oxidative Carbonylation of Arylamines to Ureas with W(CO)6/I2 as Catalyst. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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10
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Carbonylation of functionalized diamine diols to cyclic ureas: application to derivatives of DMP 450. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Dumbris SM, Díaz DJ, McElwee-White L. Preparation of hydantoins by catalytic oxidative carbonylation of alpha-amino amides. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8862-5. [PMID: 19863059 DOI: 10.1021/jo9016138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydantoins can be synthesized from the corresponding amino amides employing oxidative catalytic carbonylation using W(CO)(6) as the catalyst, I(2) as the oxidant, CO as the carbonyl source, and DBU as base. Secondary amides afford the hydantoins in good to excellent yields, which decrease as the steric bulk of the N-alkyl substituent increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Dumbris
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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12
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Ren W, Yamane M. Palladium-Catalyzed Carbamoylation of Aryl Halides by Tungsten Carbonyl Amine Complex. J Org Chem 2009; 74:8332-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901486z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ren
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Motoki Yamane
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Mizuno T, Nakai T, Mihara M. Novel synthesis ofN,N′-dialkyl cyclic ureas using sulfur-assisted carbonylation and oxidation. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Barrett AGM, Boorman TC, Crimmin MR, Hill MS, Kociok-Köhn G, Procopiou PA. Heavier group 2 element-catalysed hydroamination of isocyanates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5206-8. [PMID: 18956070 DOI: 10.1039/b809649j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heteroleptic calcium amides [{ArNC(Me)CHC(Me)NAr}Ca(NR(2))(THF)] (Ar=2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl, R=SiMe(3), Ph) and the homoleptic heavier alkaline earth amides, [M{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)] (M=Ca, Sr and Ba) are reported as pre-catalysts for the hydroamination of isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony G M Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, UK SW7 2AZ
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15
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Deng J, Luo X, Zhao W, Yang W. A novel type of optically active helical polymers: Synthesis and characterization of poly(N-propargylureas). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Díaz DJ, Darko AK, McElwee‐White L. Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Amines to Ureas. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Delmy J. Díaz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611‐7200, USA
| | - Ampofo K. Darko
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611‐7200, USA
| | - Lisa McElwee‐White
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611‐7200, USA
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17
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Díaz DJ, Hylton KG, McElwee-White L. Selective catalytic oxidative carbonylation of amino alcohols to ureas. J Org Chem 2006; 71:734-8. [PMID: 16408987 DOI: 10.1021/jo0521908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Amino alcohols undergo W(CO)(6)-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation to the corresponding hydroxyalkylureas without protection of the hydroxyl group. Selected examples of 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-amino alcohols were converted to the ureas in good to excellent yields, with only small amounts of the cyclic carbamates being formed. In contrast, the phosgene derivatives CDI and DMDTC undergo stoichiometric reactions with the amino alcohol substrates to afford ureas and cyclic carbamates with variable selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delmy J Díaz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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19
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Wang X, Ling G, Xue Y, Lu S. Selenium-Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of 2-Nitrophenols to2-Benzoxazolones. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Hong FE, Huang YL, Chen HL. Observations on reaction pathways of dicobalt octacarbonyl with alkynyl amines. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Hong FE, Chang. Density Functional Studies on Dicobalt Octacarbonyl Mediated Urea Formation from Primary Amine. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034290e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fung-E. Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
| | - Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 40227 Taiwan
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22
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Chiarotto I, Feroci M. Selective and environmentally friendly methodologies based on the use of electrochemistry for fine chemical preparation: an efficient synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted ureas. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7137-9. [PMID: 12946168 DOI: 10.1021/jo034750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel efficient synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted ureas has been developed. Aromatic and aliphatic primary amines undergo oxidative carbonylation under atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide using Pd(II) catalyst in combination with its anodic recycling at a graphite electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Chiarotto
- Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali, delle Materie Prime e Metallurgia, via Castro Laurenziano, 7 I-00161 Rome, Italy
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Hylton KG, Main AD, McElwee-White L. Catalytic carbonylation of functionalized diamines: application to the core structure of DMP 323 and DMP 450. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1615-7. [PMID: 12585919 DOI: 10.1021/jo026816v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
W(CO)(6)-catalyzed carbonylation provides an alternative to phosgene or phosgene derivatives such as 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) for the conversion of amines to ureas. As an illustration, the core structure of the HIV protease inhibitors DMP 323 and DMP 450 has been prepared by catalytic carbonylation of diamine intermediates from the original syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisha-Gay Hylton
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, USA
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Qian F, McCusker JE, Zhang Y, Main AD, Chlebowski M, Kokka M, McElwee-White L. Catalytic oxidative carbonylation of primary and secondary diamines to cyclic ureas. Optimization and substituent studies. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4086-92. [PMID: 12054942 DOI: 10.1021/jo0109319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
W(CO)(6)-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of 1,3-propanediamine to the corresponding urea has been examined under a variety of conditions. Following optimization, the Thorpe-Ingold effect on ring closure was studied using 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-propanediamines. For the 2,2-dimethyl- and 2,2-dibutyl-1,3-propanediamines, the yields were increased significantly as compared to that of the unsubstituted case. The eight-membered cyclic urea 5-butyl-5-ethyl-1,3-diazepan-2-one (5f) was formed in 38% yield, while only trace amounts of the cyclic urea were produced from the parent 1,5-pentanediamine. In a study of secondary diamines, yields from the carbonylation of N,N'-dialkyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamines were lower than those obtained from the primary diamines. The main byproducts from secondary diamines were tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives formed from a competitive reaction of the substrate with the oxidant and base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611-7200, USA
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Ovchinnikov MV, Guzei IA, Angelici RJ. Amine Attack on the Carbonyl Ligands of the Protonated Dicyclopentadienyl-Bridged Diruthenium Complex [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}Ru2(CO)4(μ-H)]+. Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om000825h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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McCusker JE, Qian F, McElwee-White L. Catalytic oxidative carbonylation of aliphatic secondary amines to tetrasubstituted ureas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1169(00)00164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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W(CO)6-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of primary amines to N,N'-disubstituted ureas in single or biphasic solvent systems. Optimization and functional group compatibility studies. J Org Chem 2000; 65:5216-22. [PMID: 10993349 DOI: 10.1021/jo000364+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary amines undergo carbonylation to N,N'-disubstituted ureas using W(CO)6 as the catalyst, I2 as the oxidant, and CO as the carbonyl source. Preparation of various N,N'-disubstituted ureas from aliphatic primary amines, RNH2 (R = n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Pr, sec-Bu, or t-Bu), was achieved in good to excellent yields. Studies of functional group compatibility using a series of substituted benzylamines demonstrated broad tolerance of functionality during the carbonylation reaction. Preparation of various N,N'-disubstituted ureas from substituted benzylamines, R-C6H4CH2NH2 (R = H, p-OCH3, p-CO2H, p-CO2Et, p-CH2OH, p-SCH3, p-vinyl, p-Cl, p-Br, m-I, p-NH2, p-NO2, or p-CN), was achieved in good yields. For many substituted benzylamines, yields of ureas were higher when a two-phase CH2Cl2/H2O solvent system was used.
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28
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Ovchinnikov MV, Angelici RJ. A Kinetically Inert Proton on a Metal−Metal Bond in [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}Ru2(CO)4(μ-H)]+ that Promotes Reactions with Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja000883u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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