1
|
Gromov SP, Fomina MV, Zdorovenko IP, Fakhrutdinov AN, Ushakov EN. A novel fluorescent sensor for diammonium and metal ions based on a supramolecular charge-transfer complex of bis(aza-18-crown-6)-containing dienone. Front Chem 2023; 11:1263440. [PMID: 37854975 PMCID: PMC10579611 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1263440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A bis(aza-18-crown-6)-containing 2,5-di(benzylidene)cyclopentanone and a bis(ammoniopropyl) derivative of 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene in MeCN were found to form a supramolecular charge-transfer complex, which can act as an "off-on" fluorescent sensor for the Ca2+ and 1,12-dodecanediammonium ions. The molecular structure of this complex in solution was studied by density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P. Gromov
- Photochemistry Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Fomina
- Photochemistry Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia P. Zdorovenko
- Photochemistry Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem N. Fakhrutdinov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny N. Ushakov
- Photochemistry Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shakya S, Khan IM. Charge transfer complexes: Emerging and promising colorimetric real-time chemosensors for hazardous materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123537. [PMID: 32823028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
After introducing the concept of charge transfer (CT) complex formation by Mulliken and the discovery of crystalline picrate (association of picric acid and aromatic hydrocarbons) by Fritzsches, a large interest has been drawn in this field. CT complexes have been explored and exploited for different applications for several decades. The research has been aimed mostly for discovering and characterizing new CT materials and exploring applications mainly in the field of optoelectronic properties, antimicrobial activities and DNA/protein binding properties for the last six years. However, nowadays, CT complexes are exploited for their photocatalytic activities and designing chemosensors for the colorimetric real-time detection of hazardous materials like nitro explosives, anions and toxic heavy metal ions in an aqueous medium. This review sheds light on updates on CT complexes, their types, synthesis and applications. The brief discussion on the emergence of CT complexes as highly potential chemosensors along with the explanation of sensing mechanism through article summarization is the centerpiece of this review. The final outcomes are discussed and concluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Shakya
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Ishaat M Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ushakov EN, Martyanov TP, Vedernikov AI, Efremova AA, Moiseeva AA, Kuz’mina LG, Dmitrieva SN, Howard JAK, Gromov SP. Highly Stable Supramolecular Donor-Acceptor Complexes Involving a Bis(18-Crown-6)azobenzene as Weak Donor: Structure-Property Relationships. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25993-26004. [PMID: 33073126 PMCID: PMC7557953 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of highly stable supramolecular donor-acceptor (D-A) complexes of a bis(18-crown-6)azobenzene (weak π-donor) with a series of bis(ammonioalkyl) derivatives of viologen-like molecules (π-acceptors) in acetonitrile were studied using cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The crystalline structures of the bis(crown)azobenzene and its complex with a bis(ammoniopropyl) derivative of 2,7-diazapyrene were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. In solution, all of the supramolecular D-A complexes studied have a pseudocyclic structure owing to ditopic coordination of the ammonium groups of the acceptor to the crown ether moieties of the donor. These complexes show somewhat lower stability as compared with the previously studied complexes of the related derivative of stilbene (strong π-donor), which is explained by the relatively weak intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) interactions. Time-dependent DFT calculations predict that the low-energy CT transition in the D-A complex of the bis(crown)azobenzene with a bis(ammoniopropyl) derivative of 4,4'-bipyridine lies between the local ππ* and nπ* transitions of the azobenzene. The absorption band associated with the CT transition is indiscernible in the spectrum since it is overlapped with broad and more intense ππ* and nπ* bands. It was found that the E → Z photoisomerization quantum yield of the bis(crown)azobenzene decreases by almost an order of magnitude upon the complexation with the 4,4'-bipyridine derivative. This effect was tentatively attributed to the intermolecular electron transfer that occurs in the 1ππ* excited state of the azobenzene and competes with the 1ππ* → 1 nπ* internal conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N. Ushakov
- Institute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey P. Martyanov
- Institute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Chernogolovka 142432, Russian Federation
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Asya A. Efremova
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Moiseeva
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila G. Kuz’mina
- N.S.
Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy
of Sciences, Leninskiy prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana N. Dmitrieva
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Judith A. K. Howard
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United
Kingdom
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Photochemistry
Center of RAS, FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
- Department
of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rusalov MV, Volchkov VV, Ivanov VL, Melnikov MY, Gostev FE, Shelaev IV, Nadtochenko VA, Vedernikov AI, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV. Femtosecond excited state dynamics of stilbene-viologen complexes with a weakly pronounced charge transfer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1189-1200. [PMID: 32935702 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The femtosecond dynamics of photoinduced electron transfers in supramolecular donor-acceptor complexes between (E)-bis(18-crown-6)stilbene (D) and tetraperchlorates of 2,7-di(2-ammonioethyl)(2,7-diazapyrenium) (A1), 3,3'-(E)-ethene-1,2-diylbis[1-(3-ammoniopropyl)pyridinium] (A2) and 4,4'-ethane-1,2-diylbis[1-(3-ammoniopropyl)pyridinium] (A3) was studied. The acceptors A2 and A3 are weak electron acceptors whose first reduction potentials are equal to -1.0 and -1.2 V (Ag), respectively, while A1 is a strong acceptor with a reduction potential of -0.42 V. It was shown that the back electron transfer time in CT-states of the complexes D·A2 and D·A3 is 30-40 ps, which is approximately 50 times greater than the analogous time for the charge transfer complexes studied earlier. The complex D·A1 is characterized by ultrafast back electron transfer (770 fs). The relaxation pathway of excited states of D·A1 depends on the wavelength of the excitation light. When excited at 356 nm, the accumulation of a transient locally excited (LE) state with a 250 fs lifetime was observed. But when excited at 425 nm, the formation of the LE-state was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Rusalov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Valery V Volchkov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir L Ivanov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Ya Melnikov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina str. 4, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem I Vedernikov
- Photochemistry Center, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, 119421, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey P Gromov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Photochemistry Center, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, 119421, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael V Alfimov
- Photochemistry Center, Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Novatorov str. 7A-1, 119421, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rusalov MV, Volchkov VV, Ivanov VL, Melnikov MY, Gostev FE, Nadtochenko VA, Vedernikov AI, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of a stilbene–viologen charge transfer complex and its interaction with alkanediammonium salts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
6
|
Volchkov VV, Khimich MN, Rusalov MV, Gostev FE, Shelaev IV, Nadtochenko VA, Vedernikov AI, Gromov SP, Freidzon AY, Alfimov MV, Melnikov MY. Formation of a supramolecular charge-transfer complex. Ultrafast excited state dynamics and quantum-chemical calculations. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:232-241. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00328a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation scheme of the 1·3 singlet state excited by a 25 fs laser pulse was proposed. It includes very fast vibrational relaxation, and direct and back electron transfer resulting in complete fluorescence quenching.
Collapse
|
7
|
Belova V, Beyer P, Meister E, Linderl T, Halbich MU, Gerhard M, Schmidt S, Zechel T, Meisel T, Generalov AV, Anselmo AS, Scholz R, Konovalov O, Gerlach A, Koch M, Hinderhofer A, Opitz A, Brütting W, Schreiber F. Evidence for Anisotropic Electronic Coupling of Charge Transfer States in Weakly Interacting Organic Semiconductor Mixtures. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:8474-8486. [PMID: 28570061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive investigation of the charge-transfer (CT) effect in weakly interacting organic semiconductor mixtures. The donor-acceptor pair diindenoperylene (DIP) and N,N'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1,7-dicyanoperylene-3,4/9,10-bis(dicarboxyimide) (PDIR-CN2) has been chosen as a model system. A wide range of experimental methods was used in order to characterize the structural, optical, electronic, and device properties of the intermolecular interactions. By detailed analysis, we demonstrate that the partial CT in this weakly interacting mixture does not have a strong effect on the ground state and does not generate a hybrid orbital. We also find a strong CT transition in light absorption as well as in photo- and electroluminescence. By using different layer sequences and compositions, we are able to distinguish electronic coupling in-plane vs out-of-plane and, thus, characterize the anisotropy of the CT state. Finally, we discuss the impact of CT exciton generation on charge-carrier transport and on the efficiency of photovoltaic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Belova
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen , Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Paul Beyer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Eduard Meister
- Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics IV, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86135, Germany
| | - Theresa Linderl
- Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics IV, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86135, Germany
| | - Marc-Uwe Halbich
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg 35037, Germany
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics IV, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86135, Germany
| | - Thomas Zechel
- Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics IV, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86135, Germany
| | - Tino Meisel
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin 10099, Germany
| | | | - Ana Sofia Anselmo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Berlin 14109, Germany
| | - Reinhard Scholz
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Oleg Konovalov
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen , Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Faculty of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Marburg 35037, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Opitz
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brütting
- Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics IV, University of Augsburg , Augsburg 86135, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen , Tübingen 72076, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rusalov MV, Volchkov VV, Ivanov VL, Melnikov MY, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Nadtochenko VA, Vedernikov AI, Gromov SP, Alfimov MV. Femtosecond excited state dynamics of a stilbene–viologen charge transfer complex assembled via host–guest interaction. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1801-1811. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00170c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in a supramolecular charge transfer complex was studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V. Rusalov
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Valery V. Volchkov
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir L. Ivanov
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Ya. Melnikov
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Ivan V. Shelaev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Fedor E. Gostev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
| | - Victor A. Nadtochenko
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Photochemistry Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119421
- Russian Federation
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Chemistry Department
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow 119991
- Russian Federation
- Photochemistry Center
| | - Michael V. Alfimov
- Photochemistry Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119421
- Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ushakov EN, Vedernikov AI, Sazonov SK, Kuz´mina LG, Alfimov MV, Howard JAK, Gromov SP. Synthesis and photochemical study of a supramolecular pseudodimeric complex of 4-styrylpyridinium derivatives. Russ Chem Bull 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Ushakov EN, Gromov SP. Supramolecular methods for controlling intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reactions of unsaturated compounds in solutions. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Fomina MV, Nikiforov AS, Vedernikov AI, Kurchavov NA, Gromov SP. Self-assembly of supramolecular complexes of cyanine dyes containing terminal ammonium groups with bis(18-crown-6)stilbene. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Gromov SP, Fomina MV, Nikiforov AS, Vedernikov AI, Kuz'mina LG, Howard JA. Synthesis of symmetrical cyanine dyes with two N-ammonioalkyl groups. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Kang X, Chen W, Zuckerman NB, Konopelski JP, Chen S. Intraparticle charge delocalization of carbene-functionalized ruthenium nanoparticles manipulated by selective ion binding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:12636-12641. [PMID: 21894955 DOI: 10.1021/la202424q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Olefin metathesis reactions of carbene-stabilized ruthenium nanoparticles were exploited for the incorporation of multiple functional moieties onto the nanoparticle surface. When the nanoparticles were cofunctionalized with 4-vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 and 1-vinylpyrene, the resulting particles exhibited fluorescence characteristics that were consistent with dimeric pyrene with a conjugated chemical bridge, with three peaks observed in the emission spectra at 391, 410, and 485 nm. The behaviors were ascribed to intraparticle charge delocalization between the pyrene moieties afforded by the conjugated Ru═carbene interfacial linkages. Notably, upon the binding of metal ions in the crown ether cavity, the emission intensity of the nanoparticle fluorescence was found to diminish at 485 nm and concurrently increase at 391 and 410 nm rather markedly, with the most significant effects observed with K(+). This was accounted for by the selective binding of 18-crown-6 to potassium ions, where the positively charged ions led to the polarization of the nanoparticle core electrons that was facililated by the conjugated linkage to the metal surface and hence impeded intraparticle charge delocalization. Control experiments with a pyrene-crown ether conjugate (2) and with ruthenium nanoparticles cofunctionalized with 4-vinylbenzo-18-crown-6 and 1-allylpyrene suggested that the through-bond pathway played a predominant role in the manipulation of intraparticle electronic communication whereas the contributions from simple electrostatic interactions (i.e., through-space pathway) were minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vedernikov AI, Ushakov EN, Efremova AA, Kuz’mina LG, Moiseeva AA, Lobova NA, Churakov AV, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV, Howard JAK, Gromov SP. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Supramolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes between Bis(18-crown-6)stilbene and Ammonioalkyl Derivatives of 4,4′-Bipyridine and 2,7-Diazapyrene. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6768-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201172w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem I. Vedernikov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny N. Ushakov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Asya A. Efremova
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Lyudmila G. Kuz’mina
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A. Moiseeva
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, Moscow 119899, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A. Lobova
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prosp. 31, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri A. Strelenko
- N. D. Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prosp. 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Michael V. Alfimov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | | | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A-1, Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Kuz’mina LG, Howard JA, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Pseudorotaxane complexes between viologen vinylogues and cucurbit[7]uril: New prototype of photocontrolled molecular machine. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
16
|
Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Kuz'mina LG, Basok SS, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV, Howard JAK. Controlled self-assembly of bis(crown)stilbenes into unusual bis-sandwich complexes: structure and stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00780c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Gromov SP, Lobova NA, Vedernikov AI, Kuz’mina LG, Howard JAK, Alfimov MV. Stereospecific [2+2] autophotocycloaddition in the dimeric complex of 18-crown-6 ether styryl dye bearing N-(3-ammoniopropyl) substituent. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
18
|
Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Kuz’mina LG, Lobova NA, Basok SS, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV. Stereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition in bispseudosandwich complexes of bis(18-crown-6) stilbene with alkanediammonium ions. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
19
|
Hwang E, Levitsky IA, Euler WB. Gas phase sensors for bases using rhodamine B in nafion films. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.31830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
20
|
Stereospecific [2+2] photocycloaddition in a pseudodimeric complex between N-ammoniopropylstyrylpyridine and 18-crown-6-containing styrylpyridine. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
21
|
Gromov SP. Molecular meccano for light-sensitive and light-emitting nanosized systems based on unsaturated and macrocyclic compounds. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0174-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
22
|
Unusual supramolecular donor—acceptor complexes of bis(crown)stilbenes and bis(crown)azobenzene with viologen analogs. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Das P, Mallick A, Sarkar D, Chattopadhyay N. Application of anionic micelle for dramatic enhancement in the quenching-based metal ion fluorosensing. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 320:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Vedernikov AI, Sazonov SK, Loginov PS, Lobova NA, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Hydrogen bonding- and stacking-induced stereospecific [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition within a pseudodimeric complex of two styryl dyes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
25
|
Kuz’mina LG, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Howard JAK, Strelenko YA, Fedin VP, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Photoinduced and dark complexation of unsaturated viologen analogues containing two ammonium tails with cucurbit[8]uril. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b511456j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
26
|
Elhabiri M, Trabolsi A, Cardinali F, Hahn U, Albrecht-Gary AM, Nierengarten JF. Cooperative Recognition of C60-Ammonium Substrates by a Ditopic Oligophenylenevinylene/Crown Ether Host. Chemistry 2005; 11:4793-8. [PMID: 15929142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new fullerene derivative with an ammonium subunit has been prepared. Its ability to form supramolecular complexes with oligophenylenevinylene derivatives bearing one or two crown ether moieties has been evidenced by electrospray mass spectrometry, and UV-visible and luminescence spectroscopy experiments. Interestingly, the assembly of the C60-ammonium cation with the oligophenylenevinylene derivative bearing two crown ether moieties leads to the cooperative formation of the 2:1 complex owing to intramolecular fullerene-fullerene interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Elhabiri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, Université Louis Pasteur et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Vedernikov AI, Basok SS, Gromov SP, Kuz’mina LG, Avakyan VG, Lobova NA, Kulygina EY, Titkov TV, Strelenko YA, Ivanov EI, Howard JAK, Alfimov MV. Synthesis and Structure of Bis-crown-Containing Stilbenes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11178-005-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
28
|
Kuz’mina LG, Churakov AV, Howard JAK, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Botsmanova AA, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Structural investigation of model compounds for an acceptor component of a new type of charge-transfer complexes based on viologen analogues. Characteristic features of the molecular and supramolecular structures. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1134/1.1887898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Arunkumar E, Ajayaghosh A, Daub J. Selective Calcium Ion Sensing with a Bichromophoric Squaraine Foldamer. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:3156-64. [PMID: 15740155 DOI: 10.1021/ja045760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Several squaraine tethered bichromophoric podand systems 1a-d and a monochromophoric analogue 2 were prepared and characterized. Among these, the bichromophore, 1b, containing five oxygen atoms in the flexible podand moiety was found to specifically bind Ca(2+) in the presence of other metal ions such as K(+), Na(+), and Mg(2+). The selective binding of Ca(2+) is clear from the absorption and emission spectral changes as well as by the visual color change of 1b from light-blue to an intense purple-blue. Benesi-Hildebrand and Job plots confirmed a 1:1 binding between 1b and Ca(2+). Signaling of the binding event is achieved by the cation-induced folding of the bichromophore and the resultant exciton coupling between the squaraine chromophores. The monochromophoric squaraine dye 2 failed to give optical signals upon Ca(2+) binding, due to the absence of exciton interaction in the bound complex. Titration of the folded complex 9 with EDTA released the metal ion from the complex, thereby regaining the original absorption and emission properties of the bichromophore. The squaraine foldamer 1b reported here is the first example of a selective chromogenic Ca(2+) sensor, which works on the principle of exciton interaction in the folded Ca(2+) complex of a bichromophore, the optical properties of which are similar to those of the "H"-type aggregates of analogous squaraine dyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Easwaran Arunkumar
- Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum - 695019, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Ushakov EN, Lobova NA, Botsmanova AA, Kuz’mina LG, Churakov AV, Strelenko YA, Alfimov MV, Howard JAK, Johnels D, Edlund UG. Novel supramolecular charge-transfer systems based on bis(18-crown-6)stilbene and viologen analogues bearing two ammonioalkyl groups. NEW J CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b500667h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
31
|
Fery-Forgues S, Al-Ali F. Bis(azacrown ether) and bis(benzocrown ether) dyes: butterflies, tweezers and rods in cation binding. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2004.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Arunkumar E, Chithra P, Ajayaghosh A. A Controlled Supramolecular Approach toward Cation-Specific Chemosensors: Alkaline Earth Metal Ion-Driven Exciton Signaling in Squaraine Tethered Podands. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:6590-8. [PMID: 15161287 DOI: 10.1021/ja0393776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three different squaraine tethered bichromophoric podands 3a-c with one, two, and three oxygen atoms in the podand chain and an analogous monochromophore 4a were synthesized and characterized. Among these, the bichromophores 3a-c showed high selectivity toward alkaline earth metal cations, particularly to Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) ions, whereas they were optically silent toward alkali metal ions. From the absorption and emission changes as well as from the Job plots, it is established that Mg(2+) ions form 1:1 folded complexes with 3a and 3b whereas Ca(2+) ions prefer to form 1:2 sandwich dimers. However, 3c invariably forms weak 1:1 complexes with Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and Sr(2+) ions. The signal output in all of these cases was achieved by the formation of a sharp blue-shifted absorption and strong quenching of the emission of 3a-c. The signal transduction is achieved by the exciton interaction of the face-to-face stacked squaraine chromophores of the cation complex, which is a novel approach of specific cation sensing. The observed cation-induced changes in the optical properties are analogous to those of the "H" aggregates of squaraine dyes. Interestingly, a monochromophore 4a despite its binding, as evident from (1)H NMR studies, remained optically silent toward Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) ions. While the behavior of 4a toward Mg(2+) ion is understood, its optical silence toward Ca(2+) ion is rationalized to the preferential formation of a "Head-Tail-Tail-Head" arrangement in which exciton coupling is not possible. The present study is different from other known reports on chemosensors in the sense that cation-specific supramolecular host-guest complexation has been exploited for controlling chromophore interaction via cation-steered exciton coupling as the mode of signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Easwaran Arunkumar
- Photosciences and Photonics Division, Regional Research Laboratory (CSIR), Trivandrum - 695019, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ushakov E, Nadtochenko V, Gromov S, Vedernikov A, Lobova N, Alfimov M, Gostev F, Petrukhin A, Sarkisov O. Ultrafast excited state dynamics of the bi- and termolecular stilbene-viologen charge-transfer complexes assembled via host–guest interactions. Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
34
|
Alaverdian IS, Feofanov AV, Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Lobova NA, Alfimov MV. Structure of Charge-Transfer Complexes Formed by Biscrown Stilbene and Dipyridylethylene Derivatives As Probed by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027504z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iouri S. Alaverdian
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V. Feofanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natal'ya A. Lobova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael V. Alfimov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia, and Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Novatorov 7A, 117421 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Butin KP, Moiseeva AA, Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Botsmanova AA, Ushakov EN, Alfimov MV. Prospects of electroanalytical investigations of supramolecular complexes of a bis-crown stilbene with viologen-like compounds bearing two ammonioalkyl groups. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
36
|
Gromov S, Vedernikov A, Ushakov E, Kuz'mina L, Feofanov A, Avakyan V, Churakov A, Alaverdyan Y, Malysheva E, Alfimov M, Howard J, Eliasson B, Edlund U. Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic Studies, and Complexation of Novel Crown Ether Butadienyl Dyes. Helv Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1522-2675(200201)85:1<60::aid-hlca60>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
37
|
Ushakov EN, Gromov SP, Vedernikov AI, Malysheva EV, Botsmanova AA, Alfimov MV, Eliasson B, Edlund UG, Whitesell JK, Fox MA. Self-Organization of Highly Stable Electron Donor−Acceptor Complexes via Host−Guest Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012082z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N. Ushakov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Ekaterina V. Malysheva
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Asya A. Botsmanova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Michael V. Alfimov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Bertil Eliasson
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Ulf G. Edlund
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - James K. Whitesell
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| | - Marye Anne Fox
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russian Federation, Photochemistry Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117421 Moscow, Russian Federation, Department of Organic Chemistry, Umea University, Umea S-901 87, Sweden, and Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7001
| |
Collapse
|