1
|
Deng Y, Smith AB. Evolution of Anion Relay Chemistry: Construction of Architecturally Complex Natural Products. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:988-1000. [PMID: 32270672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent union tactics in which three or more fragments are rapidly connected are highly prized in the construction of architecturally complex natural products. Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC), a multicomponent union tactic, has just such potential to elaborate structurally diverse scaffolds in a single operation with excellent stereochemical control. Conceptually, the ARC tactic can be divided into two main classes: "Through-Bond," by the relay of negative charge through the bonding system of a molecule; and "Through-Space," by the migration of negative charge across space by a transfer agent. "Through-Space" Anion Relay Chemistry, the focus of this Account, can be further subdivided into two types: Type I ARC, originated from the Tietze-Schaumann-Smith coupling reaction, which for the first time permits controllable Brook rearrangements to construct unsymmetrical adducts, and as such has been successfully employed in the total syntheses of diverse natural products, including the mycoticins, bryostatin 1, spongistatins, rimocidin, indolizidine alkaloids, and enigmazole A; and Type II ARC, central to which is the design of novel bifunctional linchpins that enable rapid assembly of linear and cyclic fragments with diverse architectural features, ranging from polyols, spiroketals, and polyenes to polypropionate scaffolds. Recently, the Type II ARC tactic has been exploited as the key construction tactic in the total syntheses of the spirastrellolides, the cryptocarya acetates, secu'amamine A, mandelalide A, and nahuoic acid Ci (Bii). This Account will present the evolution of both the Type I and Type II Anion Relay tactics, in conjunction with some prominent applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Murray SA, Liang MZ, Meek SJ. Stereoselective Tandem Bis-Electrophile Couplings of Diborylmethane. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14061-14064. [PMID: 28934852 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed three-component linchpin coupling method for the stereoselective union of readily available epoxides and allyl electrophiles is disclosed. Transformations employ [B(pin)]2-methane as a conjunctive reagent, resulting in the formation of two C-C bonds at a single carbon center bearing a C(sp3) organoboron functional group. Products are obtained in 42-99% yield, and up to >20:1 dr. The utility of the approach is highlighted by stereospecific transformations entailing allylation, tandem cross coupling, and application to the synthesis 1,3-polyol motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Murray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Michael Z Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Simon J Meek
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yao K, Liu D, Yuan Q, Imamoto T, Liu Y, Zhang W. 1,3-Dithianes as Acyl Anion Equivalents in Pd-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Substitution. Org Lett 2016; 18:6296-6299. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Delong Liu
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qianjia Yuan
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tsuneo Imamoto
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yangang Liu
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy and ‡School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Faiz S, Zahoor AF. Ring opening of epoxides with C-nucleophiles. Mol Divers 2016; 20:969-987. [PMID: 27376747 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ring opening of epoxides has been an area of interest for organic chemists, owing to their reactivity toward nucleophiles. Such reactions yield important products depending on the type of nucleophiles used. This review article covers the synthetic approaches (1991-2015) used for the ring opening of epoxides via carbon nucleophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Faiz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Eppe G, Didier D, Marek I. Stereocontrolled Formation of Several Carbon–Carbon Bonds in Acyclic Systems. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9175-206. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500715t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Eppe
- The Mallat Family Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Dorian Didier
- The Mallat Family Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- The Mallat Family Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva
Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baker Dockrey SA, Makepeace AK, Schmink JR. Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of 2-Aryl-1,3-dithianes. Org Lett 2014; 16:4730-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502428h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Summer A. Baker Dockrey
- Department
of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010-2899, United States
| | - Alicia K. Makepeace
- Department
of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010-2899, United States
| | - Jason R. Schmink
- Department
of Chemistry, Bryn Mawr College, 101 North Merion Avenue, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010-2899, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang B, Xie X, Jing P, Zhao C, Li H, Ma H, She X. Biomimetically inspired total synthesis of (12S)-12-hydroxymonocerin and (12R)-12-hydroxymonocerin. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Nachbauer L, Brückner R. Synthesis of a Cn-Cn+6Building Block Common to Important Polyol,Polyene Antibiotics from a Divinylcarbinol by a Desymmetrizing Sharpless Epoxidation. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
9
|
Kobayashi S, Endo T, Yoshino T, Schneider U, Ueno M. Allylation reactions of aldehydes with allylboronates in aqueous media: unique reactivity and selectivity that are only observed in the presence of water. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2033-45. [PMID: 23775867 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Zn(OH)2-catalyzed allylation reactions of aldehydes with allylboronates in aqueous media have been developed. In contrast to conventional allylboration reactions of aldehydes in organic solvents, the α-addition products were obtained exclusively. A catalytic cycle in which the allylzinc species was generated through a B-to-Zn exchange process is proposed and kinetic studies were performed. The key intermediate, an allylzinc species, was detected by HRMS (ESI) analysis and by online continuous MS (ESI) analysis. This analysis revealed that, in aqueous media, the allylzinc species competitively reacted with the aldehydes and water. An investigation of the reactivity and selectivity of the allylzinc species by using several typical allylboronates (6a-6d) clarified several important roles of water in this allylation reaction. The allylation reactions of aldehydes with allylboronic acid 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol esters proceeded smoothly in the presence of catalytic amounts of Zn(OH)2 and achiral ligand 4d in aqueous media to afford the corresponding syn-adducts in high yields with high diastereoselectivities. In all cases, the α-addition products were obtained and a wide substrate scope was tolerated. Furthermore, this reaction was applied to asymmetric catalysis by using chiral ligand 9. Based on the X-ray structure of the Zn-9 complex, several nonsymmetrical chiral ligands were also found to be effective. This reaction was further applied to catalytic asymmetric alkylallylation, chloroallylation, and alkoxyallylation processes and the synthetic utility of these reactions has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Winter P, Hiller W, Christmann M. Access to Skipped Polyene Macrolides through Ring-Closing Metathesis: Total Synthesis of the RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Ripostatin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3396-400. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Winter P, Hiller W, Christmann M. Access to Skipped Polyene Macrolides through Ring-Closing Metathesis: Total Synthesis of the RNA Polymerase Inhibitor Ripostatin B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Tsubouchi A, Enatsu S, Kanno R, Takeda T. Complete Regio- and Stereoselective Construction of Highly Substituted Silyl Enol Ethers by Three-Component Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Tsubouchi A, Enatsu S, Kanno R, Takeda T. Complete Regio- and Stereoselective Construction of Highly Substituted Silyl Enol Ethers by Three-Component Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7089-91. [PMID: 20718058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsubouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Smith AB, Tong R. Benzyl and phenylthiomethyl silanes: a new class of bifunctional linchpins for type II anion relay chemistry (ARC). Org Lett 2010; 12:1260-3. [PMID: 20180531 PMCID: PMC2844645 DOI: 10.1021/ol100130x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new class of bifunctional linchpins bearing electrophilic sites beta or gamma to a silyl group have been designed, synthesized, and demonstrated to be competent in tricomponent unions exploiting Type II Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC). High diastereoselectivities were observed when a phenyl moiety (R(2)) served as an anion-stabilizing group (ASG) adjacent to a methyl susbtituent (R(1)), while diastereomeric mixtures were obtained when a phenylthiol moiety served as the ASG, irrespective of alpha-substitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith AB, Foley MA, Dong S, Orbin A. (+)-Rimocidin synthetic studies: construction of the C(1-27) aglycone skeleton. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5987-6001. [PMID: 19621880 PMCID: PMC2891182 DOI: 10.1021/jo900765p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of the C(1-27) macrocyclic skeleton of rimocidinolide, the aglycone of (+)-rimocidin (1), has been achieved in convergent fashion. Key features of the synthetic strategy entail application of multicomponent Type I Anion Relay Chemistry (ARC), in conjunction with the S(N)2/S(N)2' reaction manifolds of vinyl epoxides, both employing 2-substituted 1,3-dithianes to construct the C(1-19) carbon backbone. Yamaguchi union of a C(20-27) vinyl borate ester, possessing the all-trans triene, with an advanced C(1-19) vinyl iodide followed by macrocyclization via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling completed construction of the C(1-27) rimocidinolide skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang X, Wang W, Zheng H, Su Y, Jiang T, He Y, She X. Efficient Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Cryptocarya Triacetate, Cryptocaryolone, and Cryptocaryolone Diacetate. Org Lett 2009; 11:3136-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901024t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenkuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaiji Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingpeng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongping He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Smith AB, Wuest WM. Evolution of multi-component anion relay chemistry (ARC): construction of architecturally complex natural and unnatural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:5883-95. [PMID: 19030533 PMCID: PMC2769507 DOI: 10.1039/b810394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient construction of architecturally complex natural and unnatural products is the hallmark of organic chemistry. Anion relay chemistry (ARC)-a multi-component coupling protocol-has the potential to provide the chemist with a powerful synthetic tactic, enabling efficient, rapid elaboration of structurally complex scaffolds in a single operation with precise stereochemical control. The ARC tactic can be subdivided into two main classes, comprising the relay of negative charge either through bonds or through space, the latter with aid of a transfer agent. This review will present the current state of through-space anion relay, in conjunction with examples of natural and unnatural product syntheses that illustrate the utility of this synthetic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Penn Center for Molecular Discovery, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang Q, Sun Y, Yu B, She X, Pan X. First Total Syntheses and Spectral Data Corrections of 11-α-Methoxycurvularin and 11-β-Methoxycurvularin. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9846-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo701885n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiren Liang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Binxun Yu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuegong She
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinfu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed MM, Mortensen MS, O'Doherty GA. De novo synthesis of 2-substituted syn-1,3-diols via an iterative asymmetric hydration strategy. J Org Chem 2007; 71:7741-6. [PMID: 16995681 PMCID: PMC2515821 DOI: 10.1021/jo061200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective syntheses of several protected 4-substituted syn-3,5-dihydroxy carboxylic esters have been achieved from the corresponding achiral (E,E)- or (E,Z)-1,3-dienoates. The route relies upon an enantio- and regioselective Sharpless dihydroxylation and a palladium-catalyzed reduction to form gamma-substituted delta-hydroxy-1-enoates. The resulting delta-hydroxy-1-enoates are subsequently converted into benzylidene-protected 4-substituted syn-3,5-dihydroxy carboxylic esters in one step. The benzylidene-protected 3,5-dihydroxy carboxylic esters are produced in good overall yields (20-54%) and high enantiomeric excess (73-97% ee).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Moinuddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kirschning A, Kujat C, Luiken S, Schaumann E. Small and Versatile – Formyl Anion and Dianion Equivalents. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200601003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirschning
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Christof Kujat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Silke Luiken
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Fax: +49‐511‐726‐3011
| | - Ernst Schaumann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal‐Zellerfeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schaumann E. Silyl thioacetals: Versatile building blocks for organic synthesis. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Smith AB, Kim DS. A General, Convergent Strategy for the Construction of Indolizidine Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of (−)-Indolizidine 223AB and Alkaloid (−)-205B. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2547-57. [PMID: 16555804 DOI: 10.1021/jo052314g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Toluenesulfonyl aziridines comprise effective second electrophiles in the solvent controlled three-component linchpin union of silyl dithianes for the stereocontrolled convergent elaboration of protected 1,5-amino alcohols. This tactic, in conjunction with a one-flask sequential cyclization, constitutes an effective general strategy for the construction of indolizidine and related alkaloids, illustrated here with the total syntheses of (-)-indolizidine 223AB (1) and alkaloid (-)-205B (2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith AB, Xian M. Anion Relay Chemistry: An Effective Tactic for Diversity Oriented Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 128:66-7. [PMID: 16390124 DOI: 10.1021/ja057059w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An effective one-flask multicomponent linchpin coupling protocol employing the concept of anion relay chemistry (ARC) was developed. This concept calls for addition of an anion (5) to an epoxide (6), bearing on a distal carbon a trialkyl silyl group and an anion stabilizing group (ASG), to furnish upon epoxide ring opening oxyanion 7. Addition of HMPA or other polar solvents to trigger a solvent controlled 1,4-Brook rearrangement then leads to a new distal anion (8), which in turn is available to react with a variety of second electrophiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Leung LM, Gibson V, Linclau B. Improved synthesis of enantiopure pseudo-C2-symmetric 1,4-bis-epoxide building blocks from arabitol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
26
|
Smith AB, Kim DS. Multicomponent Linchpin Coupling of Silyl Dithianes Employing an N-Ts Aziridine as the Second Electrophile: Synthesis of (−)-Indolizidine 223AB. Org Lett 2004; 6:1493-5. [PMID: 15101775 DOI: 10.1021/ol049601b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient, stereocontrolled assembly of the indolizidine alkaloid, (-)-indolizidine 223AB, exploiting a three-component linchpin coupling employing an N-Ts aziridine as the second electrophile, followed by a one-pot sequential construction of the indolizidine ring system, has been achieved. The longest linear sequence was 10 steps, proceeding in 10% overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith AB, Pitram SM, Boldi AM, Gaunt MJ, Sfouggatakis C, Moser WH. Multicomponent Linchpin Couplings. Reaction of Dithiane Anions with Terminal Epoxides, Epichlorohydrin, and Vinyl Epoxides: Efficient, Rapid, and Stereocontrolled Assembly of Advanced Fragments for Complex Molecule Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:14435-45. [PMID: 14624591 DOI: 10.1021/ja0376238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development, application, and advantages of a one-flask multicomponent dithiane linchpin coupling protocol, over the more conventional stepwise addition of dithiane anions to electrophiles leading to the rapid, efficient, and stereocontrolled assembly of highly functionalized intermediates for complex molecule synthesis, are described. Competent electrophiles include terminal epoxides, epichlorohydrin, and vinyl epoxides. High chemoselectivity can be achieved with epichlorohydrin and vinyl epoxides. For vinyl epoxides, the steric nature of the dithiane anion is critical; sterically unencumbered dithiane anions afford S(N)2 adducts, whereas encumbered anions lead primarily to SN2' adducts. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the SN2' process occurs via syn addition to the vinyl epoxide. Integration of the multicomponent tactic with epichlorohydrin and vinyl epoxides permits the higher-order union of four and five components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Tosaki SY, Nemoto T, Ohshima T, Shibasaki M. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of both syn- and anti-3,5-dihydroxy esters: application to 1,3-polyol/alpha-pyrone natural product synthesis. Org Lett 2003; 5:495-8. [PMID: 12583752 DOI: 10.1021/ol0273708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] We describe a catalytic asymmetric synthesis of both syn- and anti-3,5-dihydroxy esters. The method relies upon catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated imidazolides and amides, using lanthanide-BINOL complexes, and diastereoselective reduction of ketones. The method was applied to the enantioselective syntheses of 1,3-polyol/alpha-pyrone natural products 9a, 9b, and strictifolione (10). The absolute stereochemistry of 9a and 9b was also determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Tosaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Smith AB, Lee D, Adams CM, Kozlowski MC. SmI(2)-promoted oxidation of aldehydes in the presence of electron-rich heteroatoms. Org Lett 2002; 4:4539-41. [PMID: 12465932 DOI: 10.1021/ol027095p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The Evans-Tishchenko reaction provides an efficient and practical solution for the oxidation of aldehydes possessing sensitive electron-rich heteroatoms to the corresponding esters. Careful selection of the sacrificial beta-hydroxy ketone provides considerable subsequent flexibility to access the desired carboxylic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Smith AB, Pitram SM, Gaunt MJ, Kozmin SA. Dithiane additions to vinyl epoxides: steric control over the SN2 and SN2' manifolds. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14516-7. [PMID: 12465944 DOI: 10.1021/ja0283100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High chemoselectivity can be achieved in the addition of lithium dithiane anions to vinyl epoxides exploiting the steric nature of the dithiane substituent. Unencumbered dithiane anions afford SN2 adducts, whereas sterically encumbered anions lead primarily to SN2' adducts. Furthermore, the SN2' addition occurs syn to the vinyl epoxide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Monell Chemical Senses Center and Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- F F Fleming
- Duquesne University, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Pittsburgh, PA 15282-1530, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
Kiyooka SI, Hena MA, Yabukami T, Murai K, Goto F. An effective extension of the polyacetate chain in the polyene macrolide antibiotic filipin III, based on chiral oxazaborolidinone-promoted asymmetric aldol reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
38
|
Enantioselective synthesis of syn- and anti-1,3-diols via allyltitanation of unprotected beta-hydroxyaldehydes. Org Lett 2000; 2:501-4. [PMID: 10814361 DOI: 10.1021/ol991349y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] syn or anti-1,3-Diols units were synthesized with excellent diastereomeric excess from unprotected chiral beta-hydroxyaldehydes by using an enantioselective allyltitanation.
Collapse
|