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Grant LN, Pinter B, Gu J, Mindiola DJ. Molecular Zirconium Nitride Super Base from a Mononuclear Parent Imide. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17399-17403. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel J. Mindiola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Grant LN, Miehlich ME, Meyer K, Mindiola DJ. Arrested disproportionation in trivalent, mononuclear, and non-metallocene complexes of Zr(iii) and Hf(iii). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2052-2055. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc08815a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of [(PN)2MCl2] (M = Zr (1), and Hf (2)) both readily prepared by transmetallation of 2 LiPN with [MCl4(THF)2], with a slight excess of KC8, resulted in the isolation of the trivalent complexes [(PN)2MCl] (M = Zr (3), and Hf (4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Grant
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Matthias E. Miehlich
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91058 Erlangen
- Germany
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3
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Mechanism of the interaction of components in the metallocene catalytic systems containing titanium and zirconium tetracyclopentadienyls and methylaluminoxane. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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4
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5
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Glöckner A, Bannenberg T, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. From a Cycloheptatrienylzirconium Allyl Complex to a Cycloheptatrienylzirconium Imidazolin-2-iminato “Pogo Stick” Complex with Imido-Type Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4368-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300129z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Glöckner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Poleschner H, Ellrodt S, Malischewski M, Nakatsuji JY, Rohner C, Seppelt K. Trip2C6H3SeF: Das erste isolierte Selenenylfluorid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Poleschner H, Ellrodt S, Malischewski M, Nakatsuji JY, Rohner C, Seppelt K. Trip2C6H3SeF: The First Isolated Selenenyl Fluoride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:419-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Lee WY, Hsieh CC, Hsu JW, Datta A, Lin YC, Huang JH, Lee TY. Zirconium and hafnium amide, alkoxide, and pyrrolyl complexes manifesting with pyrrolyl-linked N-donor ligands: Syntheses, characterization, and ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Jochmann P, Maslek S, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Allyl Calcium Compounds: Synthesis and Structure of Bis(η3-1-alkenyl)calcium. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Jochmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maslek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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10
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Aguirre-Etcheverry P, Ashley AE, Balázs G, Green JC, Cowley AR, Thompson AL, O’Hare D. Synthesis, Structure, and Ligand Exchange Reactions of Tetramethyleneethane Complexes of Cobalt. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100611p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Aguirre-Etcheverry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew E. Ashley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Gábor Balázs
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jennifer C. Green
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew R. Cowley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Dermot O’Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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11
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Chmely SC, Hanusa TP. Complexes with Sterically Bulky Allyl Ligands: Insights into Structure and Bonding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Chmely
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37245, USA, Fax: +1‐615‐/343‐1234
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37245, USA, Fax: +1‐615‐/343‐1234
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12
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Aharonovich S, Botoshansky M, Tumanskii B, Nomura K, Waymouth RM, Eisen MS. Mono- and bis-amidinate 2,6-xylylimido vanadium chlorides: synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5643-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b925974k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Solomon SA, Layfield RA. The coordination chemistry of silyl-substituted allyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2469-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b918619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Sulway SA, Girshfeld R, Solomon SA, Muryn CA, Poater J, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM, Layfield RA. Alkali Metal Complexes of Silyl-Substitutedansa-(Tris)allyl Ligands: Metal-, Co-Ligand- and Substituent-Dependent Stereochemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Chen F, Kapon M, Woollins JD, Eisen MS. Bis(imidodithiodiphosphinato) Titanium and Zirconium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Catalytic Activity in the Polymerization of α-Olefins. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om801176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fapu Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis, Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, U.K
| | - Moshe Kapon
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis, Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis, Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, U.K
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis, Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, U.K
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16
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Tam KH, Lo JC, Guo Z, Chan MC. Cyclometalated group 4 complexes supported by tridentate pyridine-2-phenolate-6-(σ-aryl) ligands: Catalysts for ethylene polymerization and comparisons with fluorinated analogues. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Lyakin OY, Bryliakov KP, Panchenko VN, Semikolenova NV, Zakharov VA, Talsi EP. EPR Identification of Zr(III) Complexes Formed upon Interaction of (2-PhInd)2ZrCl2 andrac-Me2Si(1-Ind)2ZrCl2 with MAO and MMAO. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200700066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Smolensky E, Eisen MS. Design of organometallic group iv heteroallylic complexes and their catalytic properties for polymerizations and olefin centered transformations. Dalton Trans 2007:5623-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b707983b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Volkis V, Tumanskii B, Eisen MS. Unusual Synergetic Effect of Cocatalysts in the Polymerization of Propylene by a Zirconium Bis(benzamidinate) Dimethyl Complex. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0602815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Volkis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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20
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Volkis V, Lisovskii A, Tumanskii B, Shuster M, Eisen MS. Determination of the Catalytic Active Species in the Polymerization of Propylene by Titanium Benzamidinate Complexes. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0602198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Volkis
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Carmel Olefins Ltd., P.O.B. 1468, Haifa 31014, Israel
| | - Anatolii Lisovskii
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Carmel Olefins Ltd., P.O.B. 1468, Haifa 31014, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Carmel Olefins Ltd., P.O.B. 1468, Haifa 31014, Israel
| | - Michael Shuster
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Carmel Olefins Ltd., P.O.B. 1468, Haifa 31014, Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel, and Carmel Olefins Ltd., P.O.B. 1468, Haifa 31014, Israel
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21
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Hagen H, Kretschmer WP, van Buren FR, Hessen B, van Oeffelen DA. Selective ethylene trimerization: A study into the mechanism and the reduction of PE formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2005.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Chan MCW, Kui SCF, Cole JM, McIntyre GJ, Matsui S, Zhu N, Tam KH. Neutron and X-ray Diffraction and Spectroscopic Investigations of Intramolecular [CH⋅⋅⋅FC] Contacts in Post-Metallocene Polyolefin Catalysts: Modeling Weak Attractive Polymer–Ligand Interactions. Chemistry 2006; 12:2607-19. [PMID: 16363010 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A family of Group 4 post-metallocene catalysts, supported by fluorine-functionalized tridentate ligands with the fluorine substituent in the locality of the metal center, is described. For the first time, the contentious C-H...F-C interaction has been characterized by a neutron diffraction study, which has allowed the position of the hydrogen atoms to be accurately determined. The nature of the weak intramolecular C-H...F-C contacts in these complexes in solution and the solid state was probed by using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy in tandem with neutron and X-ray crystallography. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the spectroscopic C-H...F-C coupling occurs "through-space" rather than "through-bond" or by MF coordination. The titanium catalysts exhibit excellent activities and high co-monomer incorporation in olefin polymerization. The observed intramolecular C-H...F-C interactions are important with regards to potential applications in polyolefin catalysis because they substantiate the proposed ortho-F...H(beta) ligand-(polymer chain) contacts derived from DFT calculations for the remarkable fluorinated phenoxyimine Group 4 catalysts. Compared with agostic and co-catalyst...metal contacts, weak attractive noncovalent interactions between a polymer chain and a judiciously designed "active" ligand is a new concept in polyolefin catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C W Chan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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Schormann M, Garratt S, Bochmann M. Reactivity of Silyl-Substituted Allyl Compounds with Group 4, 5, 9, and 10 Metals: Routes to η3-Allyls, Alkylidenes, and sec-Alkyl Carbocations. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om0491692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schormann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Shaun Garratt
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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25
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Lukešová L, Horáček M, Štěpnička P, Gyepes R, Cı́sařová I, Kubišta J, Mach K. Irregular cyclization reactions in titanocenes bearing pendant double bonds. J Organomet Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2004.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Woodman TJ, Schormann M, Hughes DL, Bochmann M. Sterically Hindered Lanthanide Allyl Complexes and Their Use as Single-Component Catalysts for the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and ε-Caprolactone. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om0499097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Woodman
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Mark Schormann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Michiue K, Jordan RF. Comparison of Olefin Polymerization Behavior of Catalysts Generated by MAO Activation of TiIII and TiIV Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035703q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Michiue
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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28
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Woodman TJ, Schormann M, Hughes DL, Bochmann M. New Bulky Allyl Complexes of Lanthanide Metals: Role of Alkali-Metal Cations in Controlling Solid-State and Solution Assemblies in Precatalysts. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om030283e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Woodman
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Mark Schormann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - David L. Hughes
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Center, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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29
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Woodman TJ, Schormann M, Bochmann M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of ansa-Bis(allyl) Lanthanide Complexes, a New Class of Single-Component Methyl Methacrylate Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0301334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Woodman
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Mark Schormann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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Volkis V, Nelkenbaum E, Lisovskii A, Hasson G, Semiat R, Kapon M, Botoshansky M, Eishen Y, Eisen MS. Group 4 octahedral benzamidinate complexes: syntheses, structures, and catalytic activities in the polymerization of propylene modulated by pressure. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2179-94. [PMID: 12590546 DOI: 10.1021/ja020575r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structural X-ray diffraction studies for some benzamidinate ligations and several group 4 benzamidinate complexes are presented. The use of the cis-octahedral C(2)-symmetry compounds was studied to shed light on the conceptual applicability of these complexes as potential catalysts for the stereoregular polymerization of propylene. We demonstrate that the stereoregular polymerization of propylene catalyzed by early-transition metal octahedral benzamidinate complexes, activated with either MAO or B(C(6)F(5))(3) as cocatalysts, can be modulated by pressure (from atactic to isotactic through elastomers). The different effects in the polymerization process such as the nature of solvent or cocatalyst, temperature, pressure, molar ratio catalyst:cocatalyst, and the relationship between the symmetry of the complex and the polymer microstructure have been investigated. When the complex [4-CH(3)-C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)ZrMe(2) (9) was activated with MAO, it was found to be a good catalyst for the polymerization of propylene, at atmospheric pressure, producing an oily polymer resembling an atactic polypropylene. Being activated with B(C(6)F(5))(3), complex 9 produces a highly isotactic (mmmm = 98%) product. Likewise, when the polymerization of propylene was performed with complex 9 and MAO at high pressure (liquid propylene), a highly stereoregular polymer was also obtained. Larger activities and stereoregularities were achieved by performing the reaction in CH(2)Cl(2) as compared to toluene. Contrary to complex 9, at atmospheric pressure the complex [4-CH(3)-C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)TiMe(2) (10) is not active either in CH(2)Cl(2) or in toluene. At high pressure, complex 10 produces elastomeric polypropylene. Activities of the isolobal complexes [C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)ZrMe(2) (11) and [C(6)H(4)C(NTMS)(2)](2)TiMe(2) (12) were found to be larger than those of complexes 9 and 10, respectively. Contrary to the structures of the elastomeric polypropylenes described in the literature, the obtained elastomers are characterized by frequent alternation of the isotactic domains with stereodefects. The stereoregular errors are formed by the intramolecular epimerization of the growing chain at the last inserted unit. The epimerization reaction was corroborated through the isomerization of alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Volkis
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Catalysis Science and Technology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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31
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Woodman TJ, Schormann M, Bochmann M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Lanthanide Complexes with Bulky Silylallyl Ligands. Isr J Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1560/jl3x-dxe1-cd6r-fcb0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Mahanthappa MK, Waymouth RM. Titanium-mediated syndiospecific styrene polymerizations: role of oxidation state. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:12093-4. [PMID: 11724621 DOI: 10.1021/ja016521j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M K Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA
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