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Ehm C, Mingione A, Vittoria A, Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Busico V. High-Throughput Experimentation in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: Facing the Challenges of Miniaturization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- HTExplore s.r.l., Via R. Morandi 12, 80124 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2
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Zaccaria F, Sian L, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Ion pairing in transition metal catalyzed olefin polymerization. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Gagieva SC, Tuskaev VA, Takazova RU, Buyanovskaya AG, Smirnova OV, Bravaya NM, Bulychev BM. Ethylene polymerization using immobilized fluorine-containing bis-salicylidenimine-titanium complexes. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Parfenova LV, Kovyazin PV, Gabdrakhmanov VZ, Istomina GP, Ivchenko PV, Nifant'ev IE, Khalilov LM, Dzhemilev UM. Ligand exchange processes in zirconocene dichloride-trimethylaluminum bimetallic systems and their catalytic properties in reaction with alkenes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16918-16937. [PMID: 30444522 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand exchange processes in the systems L2ZrCl2-AlMe3 (L2ZrCl2: Cp2ZrCl2, (CpMe)2ZrCl2, (C5Me5)2ZrCl2, Me2SiCp2ZrCl2, Me2Si(C5Me4)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, meso-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(3-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, Ind2ZrCl2, rac-H2C(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-C2H4(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-C2H4(THInd)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2Si(THInd)2ZrCl2) and Cp2ZrMeCl2-n-AlMe3 (n = 1, 2) were studied by NMR spectroscopy with the goal to establish the structures and dynamic features of probable intermediates in the zirconocene-catalyzed reactions of alkenes with AlMe3. The effect of solvent, the organoaluminum compound concentration and the addition of (ClAlMe2)2 on the activation parameters of the alkyl exchange in the trimethylaluminum dimer was studied as well. The constants and activation parameters of the methyl group exchange in the monoalkyl-substituted ansa-complexes L2ZrMeCl (L2 = rac-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2, rac-Me2C(3-But-Cp)2, rac-H2CInd2, rac-Me2CInd2, rac-Me2SiInd2, rac-H4C2Ind2) were established for the first time. The catalytic activity and chemoselectivity of zirconocenes in the reaction of alkenes with AlMe3 were evaluated and compared with the exchange and equilibrium constants of ligand exchange processes. A mechanism of the reaction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel V Kovyazin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Vener Z Gabdrakhmanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina P Istomina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation. and Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, ul. Kosmonavtov 1, 450062 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Ivchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Russian Federation and A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Nifant'ev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Russian Federation and A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonard M Khalilov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
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Zhang X, Xu X, Li N, Liang Z, Tang Z. Air-stable μ2-hydroxyl bridged cationic binuclear complexes of zirconocene perfluorooctanesulfonates: their structures, characterization and application. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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DFT Studies on cis-1,4-Polymerization of Dienes Catalyzed by a Cationic Rare-Earth Metal Complex Bearing an Ancillary PNP Ligand. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9020053. [PMID: 30970731 PMCID: PMC6431986 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dnsity functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the highly selective cis-1,4-polymerization of butadiene catalyzed by a cationic rare-earth metal complex bearing an ancillary PNP ligand. It has been found that the chain initiation and propagation of butadiene polymerization occurs via the favorable cis-1,4-insertion route. The trans-1,4 and 1,2-insertion are unfavorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. The chain growth follows the π-allyl-insertion mechanism. The analyses of energy decomposition of transition states indicate that the likelihood of rival insertion pathways is predominantly controlled by the interaction energy of butadiene with a metal center and the deformation energy of butadiene moiety. The electronic factor of the central metal has a decisive influence on the cis- vs. trans-insertion and the regioselectivity (cis-1,4- vs. cis-1,2-insertion) is mainly determined by steric hindrance. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordination made monomer insertion less favorable compared with THF-free case and had more noticeable impact on the trans-monomer insertion compared with the cis case. During the chain propagation, cis-insertion of monomer facilitates THF de-coordination and the THF molecule could therefore dissociate from the central metal.
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Zuccaccia C, Tensi L, Kuhlman RL, Gies AP, Macchioni A. C–H Activation and Olefin Insertion as Sources of Multiple Sites in Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by CpAlkylHf(IV) Complexes. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roger L. Kuhlman
- Univation
Technologies
LLC, Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
| | - Anthony P. Gies
- Analytical Sciences Core R&D, The Dow Chemical Company, Freeport, Texas 77541, United States
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 8-06123 Perugia, Italy
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Theurkauff G, Bader M, Marquet N, Bondon A, Roisnel T, Guegan JP, Amar A, Boucekkine A, Carpentier JF, Kirillov E. Discrete Ionic Complexes of Highly Isoselective Zirconocenes. Solution Dynamics, Trimethylaluminum Adducts, and Implications in Propylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Theurkauff
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis
Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Manuela Bader
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis
Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Marquet
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis
Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Arnaud Bondon
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Ingénierie Chimique et Molécules
pour le Vivant, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, PRISM, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Centre de diffraction X, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Guegan
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, F-35708 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Anissa Amar
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Chimie Théorique Inorganique, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Chimie Théorique Inorganique, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes
Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis
Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis
Laboratories, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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9
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Frustrated Lewis Pairs Beyond the Main Group: Transition Metal-Containing Systems. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 334:261-80. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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10
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An NMR study on the reaction of substituted dimethyl zirconocenes with dimethylanilinium borate. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Rocchigiani L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. NMR Studies on the Dynamic Behavior of Zirconaaziridinium Ion Pairs in Solution. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300164r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di
Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Ciancaleoni G, Fraldi N, Cipullo R, Busico V, Macchioni A, Budzelaar PHM. Structure/Properties Relationship for Bis(phenoxyamine)Zr(IV)-Based Olefin Polymerization Catalysts: A Simple DFT Model To Predict Catalytic Activity. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma300343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8,
06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natascia Fraldi
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia,
80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia,
80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia,
80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto, 8,
06123 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Moscato BM, Zhu B, Landis CR. Mechanistic Investigations into the Behavior of a Labeled Zirconocene Polymerization Catalyst. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth M. Moscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bolin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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14
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Manz TA, Caruthers JM, Sharma S, Phomphrai K, Thomson KT, Delgass WN, Abu-Omar MM. Structure–Activity Correlation for Relative Chain Initiation to Propagation Rates in Single-Site Olefin Polymerization Catalysis. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om200884x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Manz
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - James M. Caruthers
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - Shalini Sharma
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - Khamphee Phomphrai
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - Kendall T. Thomson
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - W. Nicholas Delgass
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- School of Chemical Engineering and ‡Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
47907, United States
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15
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Chapman AM, Haddow MF, Wass DF. Cationic Group 4 Metallocene-(o-Phosphanylaryl)oxido Complexes: Synthetic Routes to Transition-Metal Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Chapman AM, Haddow MF, Wass DF. Frustrated Lewis Pairs beyond the Main Group: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Small Molecule Activation with Cationic Zirconocene–Phosphinoaryloxide Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:18463-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ja207936p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy M. Chapman
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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17
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Ciancaleoni G, Fraldi N, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Macchioni A. Structure and Dynamics in Solution of Bis(phenoxy-amine)Zirconium Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2001926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Rowley CN, Woo TK. Counteranion Effects on the Zirconocene Polymerization Catalyst Olefin Complex from QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101188t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Rowley
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tom K. Woo
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry, D’Iorio Hall, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Delferro
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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20
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Novarino E, Guerrero Rios I, van der Veer S, Meetsma A, Hessen B, Bouwkamp MW. Catalyst Deactivation Reactions: The Role of Tertiary Amines Revisited. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1007693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Novarino
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Itzel Guerrero Rios
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, PO Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Siebe van der Veer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Auke Meetsma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Hessen
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W. Bouwkamp
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Rocchigiani L, Bellachioma G, Ciancaleoni G, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia D, Zuccaccia C. Synthesis, Characterization, Interionic Structure, and Self-Aggregation Tendency of Zirconaaziridinium Salts Bearing Long Alkyl Chains. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100827z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Bellachioma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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22
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Sauriol F, Sonnenberg JF, Chadder SJ, Dunlop-Brière AF, Baird MC, Budzelaar PHM. Remarkable Reactions and Intermediates in Titanocene(IV) Chemistry: Migratory Insertion Reactions of 2,2-Disubstituted-1-alkenes, Intramolecular 1,5-σ Bond Metathesis via ε-Agostic Interactions, and a Rare Example of a β-Agostic Alkyltitanocene Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13357-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ja104526v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Bochmann M. The Chemistry of Catalyst Activation: The Case of Group 4 Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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24
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Ramos A, Otten E, Stephan DW. Stabilizing Zr and Ti Cations by Interaction With a Ferrocenyl Fragment. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15610-1. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Edwin Otten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3H6
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25
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Ciancaleoni G, Fraldi N, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Macchioni A. Activation of a bis(phenoxy-amine) precatalyst for olefin polymerisation: first evidence for an outer sphere ion pair with the methylborate counterion. Dalton Trans 2009:8824-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b908805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wilson PA, Wright JA, Oganesyan VS, Lancaster SJ, Bochmann M. Structural Characterization of a Cationic Zirconocene Dimethylaniline Complex and Related Catalytically Relevant Species. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polly A. Wilson
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Joseph A. Wright
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Vasily S. Oganesyan
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Simon J. Lancaster
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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27
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Nienkemper K, Lee H, Jordan RF, Ariafard A, Dang L, Lin Z. Synthesis of Double-End-Capped Polyethylene by a Cationic Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Zirconium Benzyl Complex. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800558w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nienkemper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Han Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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28
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Karttunen VA, Linnolahti M, Pakkanen TA, Severn JR, Kokko E, Maaranen J, Pitkänen P. Influence of the Ligand Structure of Hafnocene Polymerization Catalysts: A Theoretical Study on Ethene Insertion and Chain Propagation. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virve A. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Tapani A. Pakkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - John R. Severn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Esa Kokko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Janne Maaranen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
| | - Päivi Pitkänen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland, and Borealis Polymers Oy, R&D, P.O. Box 330, FI-06101, Porvoo, Finland
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29
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Wang D, Tomasi S, Razavi A, Ziegler T. Why Do C1-Symmetric ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts Produce Lower Molecular Weight Polymers for Ethylene/Propylene Copolymerization than for Ethylene/Propylene Homopolymerization? Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800290n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Seneffe (Feluy), Belgium
| | - Simone Tomasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Seneffe (Feluy), Belgium
| | - Abbas Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Seneffe (Feluy), Belgium
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy, Zone Industrielle C, B-7181 Seneffe (Feluy), Belgium
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30
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Henderson LD, Piers WE. Ion pair symmetrization in metallocenium cations partnered with diborane derived borate counteranions. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Cai H, Yu X, Chen S, Qiu H, Guzei IA, Xue ZL. Amide−Silyl Ligand Exchanges and Equilibria among Group 4 Amide and Silyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:8071-8. [PMID: 17711274 DOI: 10.1021/ic7010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
M(NMe2)4 (M = Zr, 1a; Hf, 1b) and the silyl anion (SiButPh2)- (2) in Li(THF)2SiButPh2 (2-Li) were found to undergo a ligand exchange to give [M(NMe2)3(SiButPh2)2]- (M = Zr, 3a; Hf, 3b) and [M(NMe2)5]- (M = Zr, 4a; Hf, 4b) in THF. The reaction is reversible, leading to equilibria: 2 1a (or 1b) + 2 2 <--> 3a (or 3b) + 4a (or 4b). In toluene, the reaction of 1a with 2 yields [(Me2N)3Zr(SiButPh2)2]-[Zr(NMe2)5Li2(THF)4]+ (5) as an ionic pair. The silyl anion 2 selectively attacks the -N(SiMe3)2 ligand in (Me2N)3Zr-N(SiMe3)2 (6a) to give 3a and [N(SiMe3)2]- (7) in reversible reaction: 6a + 2 2 <--> 3a + 7. The following equilibria have also been observed and studied: 2M(NMe2)4 (1a; 1b) + [Si(SiMe3)3]- (8) <--> (Me2N)3M-Si(SiMe3)3 (M = Zr, 9a; Hf, 9b) + [M(NMe2)5]- (M = Zr, 4a; Hf, 4b); 6a (or 6b) + 8 <--> 9a (or 9b) + [N(SiMe3)2]- (7). The current study represents rare, direct observations of reversible amide-silyl exchanges and their equilibria. Crystal structures of 5, (Me2N)3Hf-Si(SiMe3)3 (9b), and [Hf(NMe2)4]2 (dimer of 1b), as well as the preparation of (Me2N)3M-N(SiMe3)2 (6a; 6b) are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, USA
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32
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Hayes PG, Piers WE, Parvez M. Arene Complexes of β-Diketiminato Supported Organoscandium Cations: Mechanism of Arene Exchange and Alkyne Insertion in Solvent Separated Ion Pairs. Chemistry 2007; 13:2632-40. [PMID: 17171731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A family of isolable solvent separated organoscandium methyl cations stabilized by beta-diketiminato ligands (Ar)NC(CH3)CHC(CH3)N(Ar) (Ar=2,6-iPr-C6H3, LMe) has been prepared by reaction of LMeScR2 with [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] in the presence of an arene solvent. Arenes such as bromobenzene, benzene, toluene, para-xylene and mesitylene bind the scandium center in an eta6-bonding mode, yielding cations 1 a-e. Their solution and solid-state structures have been explored using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Mechanistic studies on arene exchange reactions and the insertion of diphenylacetylene indicate that these processes occur via arene intermediates of lower hapticity, followed by binding of the incoming reagent. Which of the two steps is rate limiting depends on the arene being displaced and/or the nature of the incoming substrate. The experiments present a unified view of these mechanisms, which have relevance to propagation processes in olefin polymerizations mediated by such cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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33
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Yang SY, Xiang ML, Chen LJ, Xie GB, Shi B, Wei YQ, Ziegler T. Free energy profiles for monomer capture in Grubbs- and SHOP-type olefin polymerization catalysts: a constraint ab initio molecular dynamics study. J Comput Chem 2007; 28:513-8. [PMID: 17186485 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.20572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory together with Car-Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics simulation has been used to investigate the free energy profiles (FEP) of monomer capture in Grubbs- and SHOP-type olefin polymerization catalysts. The FEPs along the reaction coordinates at 300 K were determined directly by a point wise thermodynamic integration technique. Comparison between potential energy profile (PEP) and the FEP has been made. The results show that, for both catalysts, the PEP for the monomer ethylene uptake by the metal center is a typical Morse curve without energy barrier. However, a small barrier (1.8 kcal/mol for Grubbs catalyst and 2.4 kcal/mol for SHOP catalyst) exists on the FEP. The pi complexation energy on the FES at 300 K is higher by 10-12 kcal/mol over that on the PES. The differences between FES and PES are due to entropy contribution. Slow growth simulations on the ethylene capture process show that the ethylene attacks the metal center by an asynchronous mode. This indicates that the forming of the pi-bonding between the metal and ethylene is initiated by electrophilic attack of the metal to one of the ethylene carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China.
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34
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Chapter 6 Active Centers in Transition Metal Catalysts and Mechanisms of Polymerization Reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2991(07)00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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35
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Ramos C, Royo P, Lanfranchi M, Pellinghelli MA, Tiripicchio A. [(Allylsilyl)(η-amidosilyl)-η5-cyclopentadienyl] Group 4 Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Olefin Polymerization. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060900+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Landis CR, Christianson MD. Metallocene-catalyzed alkene polymerization and the observation of Zr-allyls. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:15349-54. [PMID: 17032772 PMCID: PMC1834834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602704103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-site polymerization catalysts enable exquisite control over alkene polymerization reactions to produce new materials with unique properties. Knowledge of catalyst speciation and fundamental kinetics are essential for full mechanistic understanding of zirconocene-catalyzed alkene polymerization. Currently the effect of activators on fundamental polymerization steps is not understood. Progress in understanding activator effects requires determination of fundamental kinetics for zirconocene catalysts with noncoordinating anions such as [B(C6F5)4]-. Kinetic NMR studies at low temperature demonstrate a very fast propagation rate for 1-hexene polymerization catalyzed by [(SBI)Zr(CH2SiMe3)][B(C6F5)4] [where SBI is rac-Me2Si(indenyl)2] with complete consumption of 1-hexene before the first NMR spectrum. Surprisingly, the first NMR spectrum reveals, aside from uninitiated catalyst, Zr-allyls as the sole catalyst-containing species. These Zr-allyls, which exist in two diastereomeric forms, have been characterized by physical and chemical methods. The mechanism of Zr-allyl formation was probed with a trapping experiment, leading us to favor a mechanism in which Zr-polymeryl undergoes beta-H transfer to metal without dissociation of coordinated alkene followed by sigma-bond metathesis to form H2 and Zr-allyl. Zr-allyl species undergo slow reactions with alkene but react rapidly with H2 to form hydrogenation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark R Landis
- Chemistry Department, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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37
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Graf M, Angermund K, Fink G, Thiel W, Jensen VR. Site epimerization in ansa-zirconocene polymerization catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Correa A, Cavallo L. Dynamic Properties of Metallocenium Ion Pairs in Solution by Atomistic Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:10952-9. [PMID: 16910692 DOI: 10.1021/ja062407v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a molecular dynamics study of the dynamics and energetic of the [H(2)Si(Cp)(2)ZrMe(+)][MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)(-)], IP1, and [Me(2)Si(Cp)(2)ZrMe(+)][B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-)], IP2, ion pairs in benzene. The metrical parameters obtained for the IP1 ion pair are in excellent agreement with the NMR data reported for the strictly related [Me(2)Si(Cp)(2)ZrMe(+)][MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)(-)] ion pair (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1448). This validates the molecular modeling protocol we developed. Simulation of the IP2 ion pair suggests that the counterion oscillates between two geometries characterized by a different coordination pattern of the F atoms to the Zr cation. In one case the B(C(6)F(5))(4)(-) coordinates to the metal with two F atoms of the same aryl ring, whereas in the other case two F atoms of different aryl rings are involved in the coordination. Strong solvent reorganization occurs around IP1 and IP2, as well as around the two isolated cations. In the case of the two ion pairs solvent is never coordinated directly to the metal, whereas in the absence of the counterion one benzene molecule is coordinated to the metal through a cation-pi interaction. Free energy calculations result in ion pair free energies of separation of 36.8 and 23.3 kcal/mol for IP1 and IP2, respectively. Simulations with the Zr-B distance fixed at values > 7 A have been also performed. This mimics the situation occurring after counterion displacement by an inserting monomer molecule during olefin polymerization by the title catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Correa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, Via Salvador Allende, Baronissi (SA), I-84081, Italy
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39
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Abstract
The reaction of Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)Me (Cp' = C5H4Me) and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] yields the base-free complex [Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)][B(C6F5)4] (6), which exists as Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)(ClR)+ halocarbon adducts in CD2Cl2 or C6D5Cl solution. Addition of alkenes to 6 in CD2Cl2 solution at low temperature gives equilibrium mixtures of Cp'2Zr(O(t)Bu)(alkene)+ (12a-l), 6, and free alkene. The NMR data for 12a-l are consistent with unsymmetrical alkene bonding and polarization of the alkene C=C bond with positive charge buildup at C(int) and negative charge buildup at C(term). These features arise due to the lack of d-pi* back-bonding. Equilibrium constants for alkene coordination to 6 in CD2Cl2 at -89 degrees C, K(eq) = [12][6](-1)[alkene](-1), vary in the order: vinylferrocene (4800 M(-1)) >> ethylene (7.0) approximately alpha-olefins > cis-2-butene (2.2) > trans-2-butene (<0.1). Alkene coordination is inhibited by sterically bulky substituents on the alkene but is greatly enhanced by electron-donating groups and the beta-Si effect. Compounds 12a-l undergo two dynamic processes: reversible alkene decomplexation via associative substitution of a CD2Cl2 molecule, and rapid rotation of the alkene around the metal-(alkene centroid) axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Stoebenau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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40
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Bochmann M, Cannon RD, Song F. Kinetic and mechanism of alkene polymerization. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158406020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Sanginov EA, Panin AN, Saratovskikh SL, Bravaya NM. Metallocene systems in propylene polymerization: Effect of triisobutylaluminum and lewis bases on the behavior of catalysts and properties of polymers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x06020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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42
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Yang SY, Ziegler T. Combined Car−Parrinello QM/MM Dynamic Study on the Propagation and Termination Steps of Ethylene Polymerization Catalyzed by [Cp2ZrR(μ-Me)B(C6F5)3] (R = Me, Pr). Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050840s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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43
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Babushkin DE, Naundorf C, Brintzinger HH. Distinct methylalumoxane(MAO)-derived Me–MAO−anions in contact with a zirconocenium cation—a13C-NMR study. Dalton Trans 2006:4539-44. [PMID: 17016564 DOI: 10.1039/b611028m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Zirconocenium cations of the type [(MeC5H4)2ZrMe]+, formed by excess methylalumoxane (MAO) from (MeC5H4)2ZrCl2 or (MeC5H4)2ZrMe2 with 13C-labelled ring ligands, are found to form ion pairs with two types of anions, Me-MAO(A)- and Me-MAO(B)-, which differ in their coordinative strengths: More strongly coherent ion pairs [(MeC5H4)2ZrMe+...Me-MAO(B)-] are converted to more easily separable ion pairs [(MeC5H4)2ZrMe+...Me-MAO(A)-] by a sufficient excess of MAO. These react with Al2Me6 to form outer-sphere ion pairs containing the cationic AlMe3 adduct [(MeC5H4)2Zr(mu-Me)2AlMe2]+; formation of the more easily separable ion pairs might be required also for polymerisation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii E Babushkin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Science, RU-630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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44
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Axenov KV, Kilpeläinen I, Klinga M, Leskelä M, Repo T. Titanium and Zirconium Benzyl Complexes Bearing Bulky Bis(amido)cyclodiphosph(III)azanes: Synthesis, Structure, Activation, and Ethene Polymerization Studies. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050725h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Axenov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kilpeläinen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Martti Klinga
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
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45
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Ziegler T, Vanka K, Xu Z. The influence of the counterion B(C6F5)3CH3– and solvent effects on the propagation and termination steps of ethylene polymerization catalyzed by Cp2ZrR+ (R=Me,Pr). A density functional study. CR CHIM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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46
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Martínez G, Royo P. Allyldimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl Hafnium Complexes: Formation and Trapping of Hafnocenium Cations. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050437l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Martínez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871-Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Pascual Royo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, E-28871-Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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47
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Stahl NG, Salata MR, Marks TJ. B(C6F5)3- vs Al(C6F5)3-Derived Metallocenium Ion Pairs. Structural, Thermochemical, and Structural Dynamic Divergences. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10898-909. [PMID: 16076196 DOI: 10.1021/ja0429622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and structural characteristics of Al(C6F(5)3-derived vs B(C6F5)3-derived group 4 metallocenium ion pairs are quantified. Reaction of 1.0 equiv of B(C6F5)3 or 1.0 or 2.0 equiv of Al(C6F5)3 with rac-C2H4(eta5-Ind)2Zr(CH3)2 (rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)2) yields rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)(+)H3CB(C6)F5)(3)(-) (1a), rac-(EBI)Zr(CH3)+H3CAl(C6F5)(3)(-) (1b), and rac-(EBI)Zr2+[H3CAl(C6F5)3](-)(2) (1c), respectively. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1b indicates the H3CAl(C6F5)(3)(-) anion coordinates to the metal center via a bridging methyl in a manner similar to B(C6F5)3-derived metallocenium ion pairs. However, the Zr-(CH3)(bridging) and Al-(CH3)(bridging) bond lengths of 1b (2.505(4) A and 2.026(4) A, respectively) indicate the methyl group is less completely abstracted in 1b than in typical B(C6F5)3-derived ion pairs. Ion pair formation enthalpies (DeltaH(ipf)) determined by isoperibol solution calorimetry in toluene from the neutral precursors are -21.9(6) kcal mol(-1) (1a), -14.0(15) kcal mol(-1) (1b), and -2.1(1) kcal mol(-1) (1b-->1c), indicating Al(C6F5)3 to have significantly less methide affinity than B(C6F5)3. Analogous experiments with Me2Si(eta5-Me4C5)(t-BuN)Ti(CH3)2 indicate a similar trend. Furthermore, kinetic parameters for ion pair epimerization by cocatalyst exchange (ce) and anion exchange (ae), determined by line-broadening in VT NMR spectra over the range 25-75 degrees C, are DeltaH++(ce) = 22(1) kcal mol(-1), DeltaS++(ce) = 8.2(4) eu, DeltaH++(ae) = 14(2) kcal mol(-1), and DeltaS++(ae) = -15(2) eu for 1a. Line broadening for 1b is not detectable until just below the temperature where decomposition becomes significant ( approximately 75-80 degrees C), but estimation of the activation parameters at 72 degrees C gives DeltaH++(ce) approximately 22 kcal mol(-1)and DeltaH++(ae) approximately 16 kcal mol(-1), consistent with the bridging methide being more strongly bound to the zirconocenium center than in 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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Hayes PG, Piers WE, Parvez M. Synthesis, Structure, and Ion Pair Dynamics of β-Diketiminato-Supported Organoscandium Contact Ion Pairs. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050007v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
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Song F, Lancaster SJ, Cannon RD, Schormann M, Humphrey SM, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A, Bochmann M. Synthesis, Ion Aggregation, Alkyl Bonding Modes, and Dynamics of 14-Electron Metallocenium Ion Pairs [(SBI)MCH2SiMe3+···X-] (M = Zr, Hf): Inner-Sphere (X = MeB(C6F5)3) versus Outer-Sphere (X = B(C6F5)4) Structures and the Implications for “Continuous” or “Intermittent” Alkene Polymerization Mechanisms. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om049248d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Song
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simon J. Lancaster
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roderick D. Cannon
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mark Schormann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- Wolfson Materials and Catalysis Centre, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K., University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K., and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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