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Schubert U, Stöger B. Structural Chemistry of Titanium (IV) Oxo Clusters, Part 2: Clusters without Carboxylate or Phosphonate Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400744. [PMID: 38629948 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Homometallic titanium oxo clusters (TOC) are one of the most important groups of metal oxo clusters. In a previous article, TOC structures with carboxylato and phosphonato ligands were reviewed and categorized. This work is now extended to clusters with other ligands. Comparison of the different cluster types shows how the interplay between condensation of the titanium polyhedra by means of bridging oxygen atoms and the coordination characteristics of the ligands influences the cluster structures and allows working out basic construction principles of the cluster core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universiät Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X-Ray Center, Technische Universiät Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Austria
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Fang WH, Zhang L, Zhang J. Synthetic strategies, diverse structures and tuneable properties of polyoxo-titanium clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:404-421. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00511c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A review of polyoxo-titanium clusters (PTCs), with an emphasis on synthetic methodologies, diverse structures, tuneable optical properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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Czakler M, Artner C, Schubert U. Acetic Acid Mediated Synthesis of Phosphonate-Substituted Titanium Oxo Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014; 2014:2038-2045. [PMID: 25814832 PMCID: PMC4362471 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
New phosphonate/acetate-substituted titanium oxo/alkoxo clusters were prepared from Ti(OiPr)4 and bis(trimethylsilyl) phosphonates in the presence of acetic acid, which served to generate water in situ through ester formation. The process led to clusters with a higher degree of condensation than in previously known phosphonate-substituted titanium oxo clusters. The clusters [Ti6O4(OiPr)10(OAc)2(O3PR)2] (OAc = acetate) were obtained for a large variety of functional and non-functional groups R under a range of reaction conditions. This cluster type, which is also retained in solution, therefore appears to be very robust. Two other clusters, [Ti5O(OiPr)11(OAc)(O3PCH2CH2CH2Br)3] and [Ti5O3(OiPr)6(OAc)4(O3P-xylyl)2], were only isolated in special cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Czakler
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of
Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Wien, Austria
| | - Christine Artner
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of
Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Wien, Austria
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of
Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060Wien, Austria
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Huerta-Lavorie R, Solis-Ibarra D, Báez-Rodríguez DV, Reyes-Lezama M, de las Nieves Zavala-Segovia M, Jancik V. Heterometallic Alumo- and Gallodisilicates with M(O–Si–O)2M′ and [M(O–Si–O)2]2M′ Cores (M = Al, Ga; M′ = Ti, Zr, Hf). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6934-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400156n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Huerta-Lavorie
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
| | - Diego Solis-Ibarra
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
| | - Dana Victoria Báez-Rodríguez
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
| | - Marisol Reyes-Lezama
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
| | - M. de las Nieves Zavala-Segovia
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM, Car. Toluca-Atlacomulco km 14.5, Toluca 50200, Estado de México,
México
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Bilyachenko AN, Dronova MS, Korlyukov AA, Levitsky MM, Antipin MY, Zavin BG. Cage-like manganesephenylsiloxane with an unusual structure. Russ Chem Bull 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shekar S, Twamley B, Wehmschulte RJ. Facile Synthesis of Monoazidotitanium Isopropoxides. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:10804-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8012415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukesh Shekar
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, and University Research Office, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3010
| | - Brendan Twamley
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, and University Research Office, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3010
| | - Rudolf J. Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, and University Research Office, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-3010
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Crystal structure and spectral characterization of hexanuclear oxo titanium(IV) clusters: [Ti6O6(OSi(CH3)3)6(OOCR)6] (R=But, CH2But, C(CH3)2Et). Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schroeder T, Ugrinova V, Noll BC, Brown SN. A chelating beta-diketonate/phenoxide ligand and its coordination behavior toward titanium and scandium. Dalton Trans 2006:1030-40. [PMID: 16474889 DOI: 10.1039/b511915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzoylmethane derivatives with one (L1H2) or both (L2H3, L3H3) benzenes linked at their ortho positions to 4,6-di-tert-butylphenol moieties by two-carbon linkers have been synthesized. The mono-beta-diketone-monophenol ligand L1H2 is metalated by titanium alkoxides to form the homoleptic complex (L1)2Ti and heteroleptic complexes (L1)Ti([OCH2CH2]2NR) (R = H, CH3), and reacts with Cp3Sc to form CpSc(L1). These are the first examples of complexes of a beta-diketonate ligand which is further chelating to a single metal center. Crystallographic analysis of (L1)2Ti indicates that the 10-membered ring allows chelation of the phenoxide with little strain, and both fac and mer geometries are accessible in solution. Protonolysis of the second cyclopentadienyl ring of Cp3Sc appears to take place by an indirect, Cp3Sc-catalyzed pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556-5670, USA
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Prabusankar G, Murugavel R, Butcher RJ. Synthesis, Spectral Studies, and Structural Characterization of a New Organosilanetriol, Its Amine Complexes, and a Surface Lewis Basic Cubic Aluminosilicate§. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om049254+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pietschnig R, Belaj F. Synthesis and structure of a silanetriol via hydroxodearylation involving C–Si bond cleavage. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Murugavel R, Davis P, Shete VS. Reactivity studies, structural characterization, and thermolysis of cubic titanosiloxanes: precursors to titanosilicate materials which catalyze olefin epoxidation. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:4696-706. [PMID: 12870961 DOI: 10.1021/ic034317m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cubic titanosiloxane [RSiO(3)Ti(OPr(i))](4) (R = 2,6-Pr(2)(i)C(6)H(3)NSiMe(3)) (1) is found to be relatively inert in its attempted reactions with alcohols and other acidic hydrogen containing compounds. The reaction of 1 with silanol (Bu(t)O)(3)SiOH however proceeds over a period of approximately 3 months to result in the hydrolysis of (Bu(t)O)(3)SiOH and yield the transesterification product [RSiO(3)Ti(OBu(t))](4) (2) rather than the expected [RSiO(3)Ti(OSi(OBu(t))(3))](4). Products 1 and 2 have been characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and spectroscopic techniques (IR, EI-MS, and NMR). The solid-state structures of both 1 and 2 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compounds 1 and 2 are isomorphous and crystallize in a cubic space group with a central cubic Ti(4)Si(4)O(12) core. Solid state thermolysis of 1 was carried at 450, 600, 800, 900, 1000, and 1200 degrees C in air, and the resulting titanosilicate materials 1a-f were characterized by spectroscopic (IR and DR UV), powder XRD, and electron microscopic methods. While, the presence of Ti-O-Si linkages appears to be dominant in the samples prepared at lower temperatures (450-800 degrees C), phase separation of anatase and rutile forms of TiO(2) occurs at temperatures above 900 degrees C as revealed by IR spectral and PXRD studies. The presence of octahedral titanium centers was observed by DR UV spectroscopy for the samples heated at higher temperatures. The use of new titanosilicate materials as catalysts for olefin epoxidation has been investigated. The titanosilicate materials produced at temperatures below 800 degrees C with a large number of Ti-O-Si linkages (or tetrahedral titanium centers) were found to be more active catalysts compared to the materials produced above 900 degrees C. The observed conversion in the epoxidation reactions was found to be somewhat low although the selectivity of the epoxide formation over the other possible oxidized products was found to be very good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India.
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