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Wilklow-Marnell M, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. C(sp2)–F Oxidative Addition of Fluorinated Aryl Ketones by iPrPCPIr. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miles Wilklow-Marnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William D. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Yuan J, Bourgeois CJ, Rheingold AL, Hughes RP. Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of iridium perfluorocarbene complexes: regio- and stereo-specific addition of HCl across a metal carbon double bond. Dalton Trans 2015. [PMID: 26211437 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02275d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductive activation of an α-fluorine in the perfluoroalkyl complexes Cp*(L)(i)Ir-CF2RF using Mg/graphite leads to perfluorocarbene complexes Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF (L = CO, PMe3; RF = CF3, C2F5, C6F5). New complexes E-Cp*(PMe3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFC2F5 and E-Cp*(CO)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFC6F5 have been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, and a comparison of metric parameters with previously reported analogues is reported. Experimental NMR and computational DFT (B3LYP/LACV3P**++) studies agree that for Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF complexes (RF = CF3, CF2CF3) the thermodynamic preference for the E or Z isomer depends on the steric requirements of ligand L; when L = CO the Z-isomer (F cis to Cp*) is preferred and for L = PMe3 the E-isomer is preferred. When reduction of the precursors is carried out in the dark the reaction is completely selective to produce E- or Z-isomers. Exposure of solutions of these compounds to ambient light results in slow conversion to a photostationary non-equilibrium mixture of E and Z isomers. In the dark, these E/Z mixtures convert thermally to their preferred E or Z equilibrium geometries in an even slower reaction. A study of the temperature dependent kinetics of this dark transformation allows ΔG(‡)298 for rotation about the Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 double bond to be experimentally determined as 25 kcal mol(-1); a DFT/B3LYP/LACV3P**++ calculation of this rotation barrier is in excellent agreement (27 kcal mol(-1)) with the experimental value. Reaction of HCl with toluene solutions of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF (L = CO, PMe3) or Cp*(CO)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 at low temperature resulted in regiospecific addition of HCl across the metal carbon double bond, ultimately yielding Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl and Cp*(CO)Ir[CH(CF3)2]Cl. Reaction of HCl with single E or Z diastereomers of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF gives stereospecific cis-addition to give single diastereomers of Cp*Ir(L)(CHFRF)Cl; addition of HCl to several different E/Z ratios of Cp*(L)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF affords ratios of diastereomeric products Cp*(L)Ir(CHFRF)Cl identical to the original ratio of starting material isomers. The addition of HCl is therefore demonstrated to be unambiguously regio- and stereo-specific. The observed product regiochemistry of addition of HCl to Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2, Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFRF, and Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 ligands is the same and is not dependent on the ground state energy preference (singlet or triplet) for the free perfluorocarbene. DFT calculations on model HCl addition reactions indicate that this regiochemistry is strongly preferred thermodynamically, but predict that in H(δ+)-Cl(δ-) addition to Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2, H(δ+) attack at Ir has a lower energy transition state, while for Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 and Cp(PH3)Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2, H(δ+) attack at C is the kinetically preferred pathway. The carbene carbon atoms in Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CFCF3 and Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]C(CF3)2 complexes are unambiguously basic towards HCl, while in the Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]CF2 analogues the carbene carbon is less basic than its Ir partner, and the eventual regiochemistry of HCl addition arises from thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
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Andrella NO, Sicard AJ, Gorelsky SI, Korobkov I, Baker RT. A T-shaped Ni[κ 2-(CF 2) 4-] NHC complex: unusual C sp3 -F and M-C F bond functionalization reactions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6392-6397. [PMID: 30090259 PMCID: PMC6054117 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01886b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of this T-shaped perfluoronickelacyclopentane–NHC complex with Lewis- and Brønsted acids is enhanced vs. 4-coordinate variants by its low coordination number.
A T-shaped octafluoronickelacyclopentane–NHC complex is prepared and characterized. While the solid-state structure includes a weak isopropyl-CH3 agostic interaction, the reactivity of this complex with Lewis- and Brønsted acids is clearly enhanced by its low coordination number. Reaction with Me3SiOTf, for example, yielded a rare metal–heptafluorocyclobutyl complex whereas carboxylic acids gave substitution at the α-carbon and/or Ni–CF bond protonolysis to afford thermally robust 4H-octafluorobutyl Ni complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Andrella
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation(CCRI) , University of Ottawa , 30 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Alexandre J Sicard
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation(CCRI) , University of Ottawa , 30 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Serge I Gorelsky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation(CCRI) , University of Ottawa , 30 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Ilia Korobkov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation(CCRI) , University of Ottawa , 30 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation(CCRI) , University of Ottawa , 30 Marie Curie , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Ahrens T, Kohlmann J, Ahrens M, Braun T. Functionalization of fluorinated molecules by transition-metal-mediated C-F bond activation to access fluorinated building blocks. Chem Rev 2014; 115:931-72. [PMID: 25347593 DOI: 10.1021/cr500257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Ahrens
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Department of Chemistry, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Braun T, Wehmeier F. C–F Bond Activation of Highly Fluorinated Molecules at Rhodium: From Model Reactions to Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braun
- Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐2093‐6966
| | - Falk Wehmeier
- Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook‐Taylor‐Str. 2 12489 Berlin, Germany, Fax: +49‐30‐2093‐6966
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Hughes RP. Fluorine as a ligand substituent in organometallic chemistry: A second chance and a second research career. J Fluor Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hughes RP. Conversion of Carbon–Fluorine Bonds α to Transition Metal Centers to Carbon–Hydrogen, Carbon–Carbon, and Carbon–Heteroatom Bonds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell P. Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 6128 Burke Laboratories, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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Vicente J, Gil-Rubio J, Guerrero-Leal J, Bautista D. Synthesis of rhodium(i) and rhodium(iii) perfluoroalkyl complexes from [Rh(μ-OH)(COD)]2. Dalton Trans 2009:3854-66. [DOI: 10.1039/b822738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Arce AJ, Chierotti MR, De Sanctis Y, Gobetto R, González T, Machado R, Márquez M. Non-aromatic stabilised form of 3,4-difluoropyrrole at triosmium clusters: N–H and C–H versus C–F activation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schaub T, Fischer P, Steffen A, Braun T, Radius U, Mix A. C−F Activation of Fluorinated Arenes using NHC-Stabilized Nickel(0) Complexes: Selectivity and Mechanistic Investigations. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:9304-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ja074640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schaub
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Peter Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Andreas Mix
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Karlsruhe, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Rieth RD, Brennessel WW, Jones WD. Activation of Aromatic, Aliphatic, and Olefinic Carbon–Fluorine Bonds Using Cp*2HfH2. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Braun T, Noveski D, Ahijado M, Wehmeier F. Hydrodefluorination of pentafluoropyridine at rhodium using dihydrogen: detection of unusual rhodium hydrido complexes. Dalton Trans 2007:3820-5. [PMID: 17712449 DOI: 10.1039/b706846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pentafluoropyridyl complex [Rh(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)3] (3) reacts with H2 to give initially the dihydrido complex cis-mer-[Rh(H)2(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)3] (6). Within a few hours 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine as well as two rhodium(III) complexes mer-[Rh(H)3(PEt3)3] (mer-) and fac-[Rh(H)3(PEt3)3] (fac-) are formed. A catalytic C-F activation process for the formation of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine starting from pentafluoropyridine and dihydrogen using 3 as a catalyst has been developed. Reaction of [RhH(PEt3)3] (1) with hydrogen affords fac-[Rh(H)3(PEt3)3] (fac-7) and mer-[Rh(H)3(PEt3)3] (mer-7) in a ratio of 1 : 7.25 at 193 K. The latter complex represents the first mononuclear rhodium compound bearing trans-hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braun
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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Braun T, Izundu J, Steffen A, Neumann B, Stammler HG. Reactivity of a palladium fluoro complex towards silanes and Bu3SnCHCH2: catalytic derivatisation of pentafluoropyridine based on carbon–fluorine bond activation reactions. Dalton Trans 2006:5118-23. [PMID: 17077884 DOI: 10.1039/b608410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chloro and azido complexes trans-[PdCl(4-C5NF4)(PiPr3)2] (3) and trans-[Pd(N3)(4-C5NF4)(PiPr3)2] (4) can be prepared by reaction of [PdF(4-C5NF4)(PiPr3)2] (2) with Et3SiCl or MeSiN3, respectively. In contrast, reactions of 2 with Ph3SiH or Me2FSiSiFMe2 give the products of reductive elimination 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine (5) or 4-(fluorodimethylsilyl)tetrafluoropyridine (6) as well as [Pd(PiPr3)2] (1). In a catalytic experiment, pentafluoropyridine can be converted with Ph3SiH into 5 in 62% yield, when 10% of 2 is employed as catalyst. Treatment of trans-[PdF(4-C5NF4)(PiPr3)2] (2) with Bu3SnCH=CH2 in THF at 50 degrees C results in the formation of [Pd(PiPr3)2] (1) and 4-vinyltetrafluoropyridine (7). Complex 2 is also active as a catalyst towards a Stille cross-coupling reaction of pentafluoropyridine with Bu3SnCH=CH2 to give 4-vinyltetrafluoropyridine (7) with a TON of 6. The molecular structure of the complex 3 has been determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braun
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany.
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Steffen A, Sladek MI, Braun T, Neumann B, Stammler HG. Catalytic C−C Coupling Reactions at Nickel by C−F Activation of a Pyrimidine in the Presence of a C−Cl Bond: The Crucial Role of Highly Reactive Fluoro Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050080l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Steffen
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marianna I. Sladek
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Noveski D, Braun T, Neumann B, Stammler A, Stammler HG. C–F or C–H bond activation and C–C coupling reactions of fluorinated pyridines at rhodium: synthesis, structure and reactivity of a variety of tetrafluoropyridyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2004:4106-19. [PMID: 15573161 DOI: 10.1039/b414734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of [RhH(PEt3)3] (1) or [RhH(PEt3)4] (2) with pentafluoropyridine or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine afford the activation product [Rh(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)3] (3). Treatment of 3 with CO, 13CO or CNtBu effects the formation of trans-[Rh(4-C5NF4)(CO)(PEt3)2] (4a), trans-[Rh(4-C5NF4)(13CO)(PEt3)2] (4b) and trans-[Rh(4-C5NF4)(CNtBu)(PEt3)2] (5). The rhodium(III) compounds trans-[RhI(CH3)(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)2] (6a) and trans-[RhI(13CH3)(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)2] (6b) are accessible on reaction of 3 with CH3I or 13CH3I. In the presence of CO or 13CO these complexes convert into trans-[RhI(CH3)(4-C5NF4)(CO)(PEt3)2] (7a), trans-[RhI(13CH3)(4-C5NF4)(CO)(PEt3)2] (7b) and trans-[RhI(13CH3)(4-C5NF4)(13CO)(PEt3)2] (7c). The trans arrangement of the carbonyl and methyl ligand in 7a-7c has been confirmed by the 13C-13C coupling constant in the 13C NMR spectrum of 7c. A reaction of 4a or 4b with CH3I or 13CH3I yields the acyl compounds trans-[RhI(COCH3)(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)2] (8a) and trans-[RhI(13CO13CH3)(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)2] (8b), respectively. Complex 8a slowly reacts with more CH3I to give [PEt3Me][Rh(I)2(COCH3)(4-C5NF4)(PEt3)](9). On heating a solution of 7a, the complex trans-[RhI(CO)(PEt3)2] (10) and the C-C coupled product 4-methyltetrafluoropyridine (11) have been obtained. Complex 8a also forms 10 at elevated temperatures in the presence of CO together with the new ketone 4-acetyltetrafluoropyridine (12). The structures of the complexes 3, 4a, 5, 6a, 8a and 9 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. 19F-1H HMQC NMR solution spectra of 6a and 8a reveal a close contact of the methyl groups in the phosphine to the methyl or acyl ligand bound at rhodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Noveski
- Fakultät fur Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Noveski D, Braun T, Schulte M, Neumann B, Stammler HG. C–F Activation and hydrodefluorination of fluorinated alkenes at rhodium. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b306635e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mazurek U, Schwarz H. Carbon–fluorine bond activation—looking at and learning from unsolvated systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b211850e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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