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Fu Y, Tang J, Hua J. Ultrahigh activity and broad temperature resistance of amine-imine cobalt precatalysts for butadiene polymerization. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13146-13153. [PMID: 37655753 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of amine-imine cobalt complexes (Co1-Co7) has been prepared and characterized. The complexes Co3, Co4, and Co6 have a distorted tetrahedral geometry, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the presence of ethylaluminum sesquichloride (EASC), Co3 exhibited ultra-high activity toward butadiene (Bd) polymerization (up to 7813 kgpolymer mol-1 h-1). The activity is higher than any yet recorded for which yield high cis-1,4 polybutadiene by the well-defined late-transition metal catalytic system. The catalyst also exhibited excellent tolerance towards the ratio of Co/Bd and broad temperature stability. At a ratio of Bd/Co3 = 50 000, the complexes Co1-3 can afford polybutadiene with yields higher than 96% within 2 hours. At -20 °C to 100 °C, the complex Co3 afforded relatively high polymer yields at low catalyst concentrations (Bd/Co3 = 25 000). In addition, all polymers showed a relatively high molecular weight (up to 1.06 × 106 g mol-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China.
| | - Jian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Hua
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P.R. China.
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2
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Shao H, Pandharkar R, Cramer CJ. Factors Affecting the Mechanism of 1,3-Butadiene Polymerization at Open Metal Sites in Co-MFU-4l. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Riddhish Pandharkar
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, Illinois 60026, United States
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3
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Kumar A, Mohanty S, Gupta VK. BUTADIENE RUBBER: SYNTHESIS, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND ROLE OF CATALYSTS. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Butadiene rubber (BR) is one of the most useful and second most produced rubber worldwide. Polymerization of 1,3-butadiene (BD) is a highly stereospecific reaction that offers a wide variety of BR with different microstructures and influences the fundamental properties of the rubber. Since the first successful polymerization of conjugated diene using the Ziegler–Natta–based catalyst (TiCl4 or TiCl3 with aluminum alkyls) in 1954, the research on producing synthetic rubber with an appropriate catalyst system has been accelerated. Subsequently, various research groups are actively engaged in designing active catalyst systems based on a suitable combination of transition metal complexes with alkyl-aluminum and successfully using them in BD polymerization. Although various scientific inventions have proven their significance for the production of high-quality BR, with the rising demands in improving the quality of the product, research on developing new catalyst systems with enhanced catalytic activity and high stereoselectivity is still in progress. The present review focuses on the synthesis of BR using various transition metal catalysts and discusses their microstructures. The catalysts based on new-generation metal complexes with phosphorus, nitrogen, and oxygen donor ligands (e.g., phosphines, imines, 1,10-phenanthroline, and imino-pyridines) have been introduced. The role that catalysts play in the production of BR with different microstructures (i.e., high-cis, high-trans or low-cis, low-trans polybutadiene) has also been described. The combination of catalyst (transition metal complex) and suitable co-catalyst (alkyl-aluminum) is the major factor influencing the reaction and microstructure of the resulting polymer. This report focuses on the effect of transition metal catalysts (i.e., lithium [Li], titanium [Ti], zirconium [Zr], iron [Fe], cobalt [Co], nickel [Ni], and neodymium [Nd]) on the activity and stereoselectivity of polymers such as 1,4-cis-, 1,4-trans-, and 1,2-vinyl-polybutadiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhra Mohanty
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis and Catalysis Group, Reliance Industries Limited, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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4
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Hou W, Zhang D, Camacho-Fernandez MA, Zhang Y, Liu G, Tang Y, Guan Z, Huang Z. Double-Linear Insertion Mode of α,ω-Dienes Enabled by Thio-imino-quinoline Iron Catalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miguel A. Camacho-Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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5
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Zhang J, Peng W, He A. Influence of alkylaluminium on the copolymerization of isoprene and butadiene with supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Niu Q, Zhang J, Peng W, Fan Z, He A. Effect of alkylaluminium on the regio- and stereoselectivity in copolymerization of isoprene and butadiene using TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler-Natta catalyst. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Solvent effect in 1,3-butadiene polymerization by cyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride (CpTiCl3)/methylaluminoxane (MAO) and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl titanium trichloride (Cp*TiCl3)/MAO catalysts. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Trans-1,4- stereospecific copolymerization of isoprene and butadiene catalyzed by TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler-Natta catalyst II. Copolymerization Kinetics and Mechanism. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Liu X, Li W, Niu Q, Wang R, He A. Trans-1,4- stereospecific polymerization of isoprene with MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst I. Initial polymerization kinetic and polymerization mechanism. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Zhou G, Kang X, Wang X, Hou Z, Luo Y. Theoretical Investigations of Isoprene Polymerization Catalyzed by Cationic Half-Sandwich Scandium Complexes Bearing a Coordinative Side Arm. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangli Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- College
of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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11
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DFT Studies on cis-1,4-Polymerization of Dienes Catalyzed by a Cationic Rare-Earth Metal Complex Bearing an Ancillary PNP Ligand. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9020053. [PMID: 30970731 PMCID: PMC6431986 DOI: 10.3390/polym9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dnsity functional theory (DFT) calculations have been carried out for the highly selective cis-1,4-polymerization of butadiene catalyzed by a cationic rare-earth metal complex bearing an ancillary PNP ligand. It has been found that the chain initiation and propagation of butadiene polymerization occurs via the favorable cis-1,4-insertion route. The trans-1,4 and 1,2-insertion are unfavorable both kinetically and thermodynamically. The chain growth follows the π-allyl-insertion mechanism. The analyses of energy decomposition of transition states indicate that the likelihood of rival insertion pathways is predominantly controlled by the interaction energy of butadiene with a metal center and the deformation energy of butadiene moiety. The electronic factor of the central metal has a decisive influence on the cis- vs. trans-insertion and the regioselectivity (cis-1,4- vs. cis-1,2-insertion) is mainly determined by steric hindrance. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) coordination made monomer insertion less favorable compared with THF-free case and had more noticeable impact on the trans-monomer insertion compared with the cis case. During the chain propagation, cis-insertion of monomer facilitates THF de-coordination and the THF molecule could therefore dissociate from the central metal.
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12
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Luconi L, Kissel AA, Rossin A, Khamaletdinova NM, Cherkasov AV, Tuci G, Fukin GK, Trifonov AA, Giambastiani G. C
1 and Cs 2-pyridylethylanilido zirconium(iv), yttrium(iii) and lutetium(iii) complexes: synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity in the isoprene polymerization. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03193e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organolanthanide containing Cs and C1-symmetric 2-pyridylethylanilido ligands have been scrutinized as catalyst precursors for the isoprene polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Luconi
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds
- ICCOM-CNR
- Florence
- Italy
| | - Alexander A. Kissel
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds
- ICCOM-CNR
- Florence
- Italy
| | - Nadiya M. Khamaletdinova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Anton V. Cherkasov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Giulia Tuci
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds
- ICCOM-CNR
- Florence
- Italy
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
| | - Alexander A. Trifonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 603950 Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow, GSP-1
| | - Giuliano Giambastiani
- Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds
- ICCOM-CNR
- Florence
- Italy
- Kazan Federal University
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13
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Luo G, Luo Y, Hou Z, Qu J. Intermetallic Cooperation in Olefin Polymerization Catalyzed by a Binuclear Samarocene Hydride: A Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jingping Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Mingaleev VZ. Effect of the particle size of the TiCl4-Ali-Bu3 catalyst on the contribution from mono- and bimetallic active sites to the polymerization of isoprene. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158416010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Kang X, Luo Y, Zhou G, Wang X, Yu X, Hou Z, Qu J. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on the trans-1,4-Specific Polymerization of Isoprene Catalyzed by a Cationic La–Al Binuclear Complex. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500988s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Kang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangli Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xingbao Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xuerong Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- RIKEN
Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Organometallic Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jingping Qu
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science
and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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16
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Highly active and trans-1,4-specific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by bis(benzimidazolyl)amine chromium complexes activated with methylaluminoxane. ELASTOMERS AND COMPOSITES 2013. [DOI: 10.7473/ec.2013.48.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Annunziata L, Pragliola S, Pappalardo D, Tedesco C, Pellecchia C. New (Anilidomethyl)pyridine Titanium(IV) and Zirconium(IV) Catalyst Precursors for the Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective cis-1,4-Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1028455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Annunziata
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Stefania Pragliola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Daniela Pappalardo
- Dipartimento di Studi Geologici ed Ambientali, Università del Sannio, via dei Mulini 59/A, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - Consiglia Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Claudio Pellecchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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18
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Perrin L, Bonnet F, Chenal T, Visseaux M, Maron L. A Joint Experimental/Theoretical Investigation of the Statistical Olefin/Conjugated Diene Copolymerization Catalyzed by a Hemi-Lanthanidocene [(Cp*)(BH4)LnR]. Chemistry 2010; 16:11376-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Ricci G, Sommazzi A, Masi F, Ricci M, Boglia A, Leone G. Well-defined transition metal complexes with phosphorus and nitrogen ligands for 1,3-dienes polymerization. Coord Chem Rev 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Tobisch S. Mechanistic insight into the selective trans-1,4-polymerization of butadiene by terpyridine–iron(II) complexes — A computational study. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) method has been employed to unravel mechanistic intricacies of the 1,4-polymerization of 1,3-butadiene mediated by the [(η3-RC3H4)FeII(C15H11N3)(η2-C4H6)]+ terpyridine–iron(II) active catalyst species. The π-allyl-insertion mechanism is operative for chain growth, whilst the alternative σ-allyl-insertion mechanism has been explicitly demonstrated as being inoperable. This study elucidates the mechanism of cis–trans regulation and unveils the factors that govern the observed high trans-1,4 stereoselectivity, in particular, the discriminative role of allylic isomerization. An atactic trans-1,4-polydiene is expected from polymerization of a terminally monosubstituted butadiene, the experimental results of which have not been reported thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- University of St Andrews, School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom. (e-mail: )
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21
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Tobisch S. The stereospecific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene mediated by early and late transition-metal catalysts. Towards a deeper understanding of the catalytic structure–reactivity relationships from computational-mechanistic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Zhu F, Huang D, Lin S. Synthesis and characterization of polybutadiene with monotitanocene/methylaluminoxane catalyst. J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Theoretical exploration of structure–reactivity relationships in organometallic chemistry: butadiene insertion into the organyltransition-metal bond and conversion of the allyltransition-metal fragment in the [NiII(η5-Cp)(η1-phenyl)(η2-butadiene)] complex. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Tobisch S. Mechanism of the Chain Termination of the Allylnickel(II)-Catalyzed Polymerization of 1,3-Butadiene. A Density Functional Investigation for the Cationic [NiII(RC3H4)(cis-C4H6)L]+ Active Catalyst. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034369v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
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