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Eisenstein O. From the Felkin‐Anh Rule to the Grignard Reaction: an Almost Circular 50 Year Adventure in the World of Molecular Structures and Reaction Mechanisms with Computational Chemistry**. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Odile Eisenstein
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, 34095 France Department of Chemistry and Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences University of Oslo Oslo 0315 Norway
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2
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Effect of Lewis Acids on the Catalyst Activity for Alkene Metathesis, Z-/E- Selectivity and Stability of Tungsten Oxo Alkylidenes. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLewis acids increase the catalytic activity of classical heterogeneous catalysts and molecular d0 tungsten oxo alkylidenes in a variety of olefin metathesis processes. The formation of labile adducts between the metal complex and the Lewis acid has been observed experimentally and suggested to be involved in the catalyst activity increase. In this contribution, DFT (M06) calculations have been performed to determine the role of Lewis acids on catalyst activity, Z-/E- selectivity and stability by comparing three W(E)(CHR)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)(O-2,6-dimesithylphenoxide) (E = oxo, imido or oxo-Lewis acid adduct) alkylidenes. Results show that the formation of the alkylidene—Lewis acid adducts influences the reactivity of tungsten oxo alkylidenes due to both steric and electronic effects. The addition of the Lewis acid on the E group increases its bulkiness and this decreases catalyst Z-selectivity. Moreover, the interaction between the oxo ligand and the Lewis acid decreases the donating ability of the former toward the metal. This is important when the oxo group has either a ligand in trans or in the same plane that is competing for the same metal d orbitals. Therefore, the weakening of oxo donating ability facilitates the cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps and it stabilizes the productive trigonal bipyramid metallacyclobutane isomer. The two factors increase the catalytic activity of the complex. The electron donating tuneability by the coordination of the Lewis acid also applies to catalyst deactivation and particularly the key β-hydride elimination step. In this process, the transition states show a ligand in pseudo trans to the oxo. Therefore, the presence of the Lewis acid decreases the Gibbs energy barrier significantly. Overall, the optimization of the E group donating ability in each step of the reaction makes tungsten oxo alkylidenes more reactive and this applies both for the catalytic activity and catalyst deactivation.
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3
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Copéret C, Berkson ZJ, Chan KW, de Jesus Silva J, Gordon CP, Pucino M, Zhizhko PA. Olefin metathesis: what have we learned about homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts from surface organometallic chemistry? Chem Sci 2021; 12:3092-3115. [PMID: 34164078 PMCID: PMC8179417 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its early days, olefin metathesis has been in the focus of scientific discussions and technology development. While heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalysts based on supported group 6 metal oxides have been used for decades in the petrochemical industry, detailed mechanistic studies and the development of molecular organometallic chemistry have led to the development of robust and widely used homogeneous catalysts based on well-defined alkylidenes that have found applications for the synthesis of fine and bulk chemicals and are also used in the polymer industry. The development of the chemistry of high-oxidation group 5-7 alkylidenes and the use of surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) principles unlocked the preparation of so-called well-defined supported olefin metathesis catalysts. The high activity and stability (often superior to their molecular analogues) and molecular-level characterisation of these systems, that were first reported in 2001, opened the possibility for the first direct structure-activity relationships for supported metathesis catalysts. This review describes first the history of SOMC in the field of olefin metathesis, and then focuses on what has happened since 2007, the date of our last comprehensive reviews in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zachariah J Berkson
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Ka Wing Chan
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Jordan de Jesus Silva
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Margherita Pucino
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences Vladimir Prelog Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences Vavilov Str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
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4
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Chen LD, Lawniczak JJ, Ding F, Bygrave PJ, Riahi S, Manby FR, Mukhopadhyay S, Miller TF. Embedded Mean-Field Theory for Solution-Phase Transition-Metal Polyolefin Catalysis. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4226-4237. [PMID: 32441933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing the wall-clock time of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations without sacrificing accuracy is a crucial prerequisite for widespread simulation of solution-phase dynamical processes. In this work, we demonstrate the use of embedded mean-field theory (EMFT) as the QM engine in QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine polyolefin catalysts in solution. We show that employing EMFT in this mode preserves the accuracy of hybrid-functional DFT in the QM region, while providing up to 20-fold reductions in the cost per SCF cycle, thereby increasing the accessible simulation time-scales. We find that EMFT reproduces DFT-computed binding energies and optimized bond lengths to within chemical accuracy, as well as consistently ranking conformer stability. Furthermore, solution-phase EMFT/MM simulations provide insight into the interaction strength of strongly coordinating and bulky counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne D Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - James J Lawniczak
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Feizhi Ding
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peter J Bygrave
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Saleh Riahi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frederick R Manby
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas F Miller
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Mashima K. Redox-Active α-Diimine Complexes of Early Transition Metals: From Bonding to Catalysis. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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6
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Balcells D, Clot E, Macgregor SA, Maseras F, Perrin L. A Career in Catalysis: Odile Eisenstein. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Eric Clot
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Feliu Maseras
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avgda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia Spain
| | - Lionel Perrin
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, INSA Lyon, ICBMS, CNRS UMR 5246, Equipe ITEMM, Bât Lederer, 1 rue V, Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne France
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7
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Bai W, Wei W, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Lin Z, Jia G. Syntheses of Re(V) Alkylidyne Complexes and Ligand Effect on the Reactivity of Re(V) Alkylidyne Complexes toward Alkynes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bai
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Herman H. Y. Sung
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian D. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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8
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Comas-Vives A, Larmier K, Copéret C. Understanding surface site structures and properties by first principles calculations: an experimental point of view! Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4296-4303. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01101f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Computational Chemistry is key for the molecular-level understanding of active sites in heterogeneous catalysis paving the way to the rational design and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Kim Larmier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences
- ETH Zürich
- CH-8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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9
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Conley MP, Lapadula G, Sanders K, Gajan D, Lesage A, del Rosal I, Maron L, Lukens WW, Copéret C, Andersen RA. The Nature of Secondary Interactions at Electrophilic Metal Sites of Molecular and Silica-Supported Organolutetium Complexes from Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3831-43. [PMID: 26887899 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]3 reacts with [SiO2-700] to give [(≡SiO)Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]2] and CH2(SiMe3)2. [(≡SiO)Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]2] is characterized by solid-state NMR and EXAFS spectroscopy, which show that secondary Lu···C and Lu···O interactions, involving a γ-CH3 and a siloxane bridge, are present. From X-ray crystallographic analysis, the molecular analogues Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]3-x[O-2,6-tBu-C6H3]x (x = 0-2) also have secondary Lu···C interactions. The (1)H NMR spectrum of Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]3 shows that the -SiMe3 groups are equivalent to -125 °C and inequivalent below that temperature, ΔG(⧧)(Tc = 148 K) = 7.1 kcal mol(-1). Both -SiMe3 groups in Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]3 have (1)JCH = 117 ± 1 Hz at -140 °C. The solid-state (13)C CPMAS NMR spectrum at 20 °C shows three chemically inequivalent resonances in the area ratio of 4:1:1 (12:3:3); the J-resolved spectra for each resonance give (1)JCH = 117 ± 2 Hz. The (29)Si CPMAS NMR spectrum shows two chemically inequivalent resonances with different values of chemical shift anisotropy. Similar observations are obtained for Lu[CH(SiMe3)2]3-x[O-2,6-tBu-C6H3]x (x = 1 and 2). The spectroscopic data point to short Lu···Cγ contacts corresponding to 3c-2e Lu···Cγ-Siβ interactions, which are supported by DFT calculations. Calculated natural bond orbital (NBO) charges show that Cγ carries a negative charge, while Lu, Hγ, and Siβ carry positive charges; as the number of O-based ligands increases so does the positive charge at Lu, which in turns shortens the Lu···Cγ distance. The change in NBO charges and the resulting changes in the spectroscopic and crystallographic properties show how ligands and surface-support sites rearrange to accommodate these changes, consistent with Pauling's electroneutrality concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Lapadula
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Sanders
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CRNS/ENS-Lyon/UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Gajan
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CRNS/ENS-Lyon/UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs, CRNS/ENS-Lyon/UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon , 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Iker del Rosal
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, LPCNO INSA/UPS/CNRS , 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Université de Toulouse and CNRS, LPCNO INSA/UPS/CNRS , 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Richard A Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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10
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Halbert S, Copéret C, Raynaud C, Eisenstein O. Elucidating the Link between NMR Chemical Shifts and Electronic Structure in d0 Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2261-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Halbert
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, cc 1501, Université de Montpellier, Place. E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Copéret
- ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and
Applied Sciences, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1-5, 10, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Raynaud
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, cc 1501, Université de Montpellier, Place. E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Institut
Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, cc 1501, Université de Montpellier, Place. E. Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of
Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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11
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Copéret C, Comas-Vives A, Conley MP, Estes DP, Fedorov A, Mougel V, Nagae H, Núñez-Zarur F, Zhizhko PA. Surface Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry toward Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts: Strategies, Methods, Structures, and Activities. Chem Rev 2016; 116:323-421. [PMID: 26741024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 493] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aleix Comas-Vives
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Deven P Estes
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Mougel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, CREST , Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Francisco Núñez-Zarur
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich , Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vavilov str. 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Mougel V, Santiago CB, Zhizhko PA, Bess EN, Varga J, Frater G, Sigman MS, Copéret C. Quantitatively analyzing metathesis catalyst activity and structural features in silica-supported tungsten imido-alkylidene complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6699-704. [PMID: 25938259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A broad series of fully characterized, well-defined silica-supported W metathesis catalysts with the general formula [(≡SiO)W(═NAr)(═CHCMe2R)(X)] (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 (AriPr), 2,6-Cl2C6H3 (ArCl), 2-CF3C6H4 (ArCF3), and C6F5 (ArF5); X = OC(CF3)3 (OtBuF9), OCMe(CF3)2 (OtBuF6), OtBu, OSi(OtBu)3, 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl (Me2Pyr) and R = Me or Ph) was prepared by grafting bis-X substituted complexes [W(NAr)(═CHCMe2R)(X)2] on silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 °C (SiO2-(700)), and their activity was evaluated with the goal to obtain detailed structure-activity relationships. Quantitative influence of the ligand set on the activity (turnover frequency, TOF) in self-metathesis of cis-4-nonene was investigated using multivariate linear regression analysis tools. The TOF of these catalysts (activity) can be well predicted from simple steric and electronic parameters of the parent protonated ligands; it is described by the mutual contribution of the NBO charge of the nitrogen or the IR intensity of the symmetric N-H stretch of the ArNH2, corresponding to the imido ligand, together with the Sterimol B5 and pKa of HX, representing the X ligand. This quantitative and predictive structure-activity relationship analysis of well-defined heterogeneous catalysts shows that high activity is associated with the combination of X and NAr ligands of opposite electronic character and paves the way toward rational development of metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Mougel
- †Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celine B Santiago
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Pavel A Zhizhko
- †Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth N Bess
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jeno Varga
- §XiMo Hungary, Zahony u. 7 H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Georg Frater
- §XiMo Hungary, Zahony u. 7 H-1031 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christophe Copéret
- †Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Chung LW, Sameera WMC, Ramozzi R, Page AJ, Hatanaka M, Petrova GP, Harris TV, Li X, Ke Z, Liu F, Li HB, Ding L, Morokuma K. The ONIOM Method and Its Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5678-796. [PMID: 25853797 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 752] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wa Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W M C Sameera
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- §Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Galina P Petrova
- ∥Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Boulevard James Bourchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Travis V Harris
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,⊥Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, United States
| | - Xin Li
- #State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- ∇School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- ○Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- ■School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lina Ding
- ▲School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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14
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Tanahashi H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Synthesis of Alkyl and Alkylidene Complexes of Tungsten Bearing Imido and Redox-Active α-Diimine or o-Iminoquinone Ligands and Their Application as Catalysts for Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501010n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Tanahashi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University and CREST, JST, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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15
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Luo G, Luo Y, Maeda S, Qu J, Hou Z, Ohno K. Theoretical Mechanistic Studies on Methyltrioxorhenium-Catalyzed Olefin Cyclopropanation: Stepwise Transfer of a Terminal Methylene Group. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,
School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,
School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,
School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals,
School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People’s Republic of China
- Organometallic Chemistry
Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of
Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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16
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Solans-Monfort X. DFT study on the reaction mechanism of the ring closing enyne metathesis (RCEYM) catalyzed by molybdenum alkylidene complexes. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4573-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations show that the RCEYM reaction catalyzed by Mo-based catalysts proceeds preferentially through an yne-then-ene mechanism and that the endo-/exo- selectivity mainly depends on sterics.
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17
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18
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Solans-Monfort X, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. Oxo vs Imido Alkylidene d0-Metal Species: How and Why Do They Differ in Structure, Activity, and Efficiency in Alkene Metathesis? Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300576r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Solans-Monfort
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra,
Spain
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang Pauli Strasse 10 CH-8093
Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS Université de Montpellier 2, cc1501, Place E. Bataillon, F-34095
Montpellier, France
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19
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Marinescu SC, Ng VWL, Lichtscheidl AG, Schrock RR, Müller P, Takase MK. Syntheses of Variations of Stereogenic-at-Metal Imido Alkylidene Complexes of Molybdenum. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300585s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smaranda C. Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Victor W. L. Ng
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alejandro G. Lichtscheidl
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael K. Takase
- Department of Chemistry
6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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20
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Rascón F, Copéret C. Alkylidene and alkylidyne surface complexes: Precursors and intermediates in alkane conversion processes on supported single-site catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Palacios L, Miao X, Di Giuseppe A, Pascal S, Cunchillos C, Castarlenas R, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Lahoz FJ, Dixneuf PH, Oro LA. Synthesis of a Square-Planar Rhodium Alkylidene N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex and Its Reactivity Toward Alkenes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2005782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Palacios
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Xiaowei Miao
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Catalyse et Organometalliques, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Andrea Di Giuseppe
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Simon Pascal
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Catalyse et Organometalliques, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Carmen Cunchillos
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Castarlenas
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pierre H. Dixneuf
- Catalyse et Organometalliques, Institut Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Instituto Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias, Pl. S. Francisco s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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22
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Gouré E, Avenier P, Solans-Monfort X, Veyre L, Baudouin A, Kaya Y, Taoufik M, Basset JM, Eisenstein O, Quadrelli EA. Heterolytic cleavage of ammonia N–H bond by bifunctional activation in silica-grafted single site Ta(V) imido amido surface complex. Importance of the outer sphere NH3 assistance. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Rascón F, Wischert R, Copéret C. Molecular nature of support effects in single-site heterogeneous catalysts: silica vs. alumina. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Schrock RR, Jiang AJ, Marinescu SC, Simpson JH, Müller P. Fundamental Studies of Molybdenum and Tungsten Methylidene and Metallacyclobutane Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Schrock
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Annie J. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Smaranda C. Marinescu
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jeffrey H. Simpson
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Peter Müller
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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25
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Solans-Monfort X, Coperet C, Eisenstein O. Shutting Down Secondary Reaction Pathways: The Essential Role of the Pyrrolyl Ligand in Improving Silica Supported d0-ML4 Alkene Metathesis Catalysts from DFT Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:7750-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101597s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Solans-Monfort
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, E-08173 Bellaterra, Spain, Université de Lyon,
Institut de Chimie de Lyon, C2P2 UMR5265 (CNRS−CPE−Université
Lyon 1), ESCPE Lyon, F-308 - 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616
Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université
Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon,
F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Coperet
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, E-08173 Bellaterra, Spain, Université de Lyon,
Institut de Chimie de Lyon, C2P2 UMR5265 (CNRS−CPE−Université
Lyon 1), ESCPE Lyon, F-308 - 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616
Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université
Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon,
F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, E-08173 Bellaterra, Spain, Université de Lyon,
Institut de Chimie de Lyon, C2P2 UMR5265 (CNRS−CPE−Université
Lyon 1), ESCPE Lyon, F-308 - 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918 F-69616
Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université
Montpellier 2, CNRS 5253, cc 1501, Place Eugène Bataillon,
F-34095 Montpellier, France
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Schrock
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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27
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Rendón N, Blanc F, Copéret C. Well-defined silica supported metallocarbenes: Formation and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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28
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Avenier P, Solans-Monfort X, Veyre L, Renili F, Basset JM, Eisenstein O, Taoufik M, Quadrelli EA. H/D Exchange on Silica-Grafted Tantalum(V) Imido Amido [(≡SiO)2Ta(V)(NH)(NH2)] Synthesized from Either Ammonia or Dinitrogen: IR and DFT Evidence for Heterolytic Splitting of D2. Top Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-009-9295-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
This overview describes the reaction of organometallics with oxide surfaces and the formation of highly reactive species. In the case of silica, the surface can be seen as a large siloxy ligand, which helps to stabilize reactive intermediates through site isolations. This is translated into very highly reactive and stable well-defined alkene metathesis catalysts as well as the formation of hydrides species, which display unusual reactivities toward alkanes (e.g., low-temperature hydrogenolysis and metathesis of alkanes). In the case of alumina, it allows the formation of highly reactive, but stable cationic species or masked carbenic species whose structures are unusual by comparison with molecular chemistry.
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Berthoud R, Rendón N, Blanc F, Solans-Monfort X, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. Metal fragment isomerisation upon grafting a d2 ML4 perhydrocarbyl Os complex on a silica surface: origin and consequence. Dalton Trans 2009:5879-86. [DOI: 10.1039/b901669d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Leduc AM, Salameh A, Soulivong D, Chabanas M, Basset JM, Copéret C, Solans-Monfort X, Clot E, Eisenstein O, Böhm VPW, Röper M. Beta-H transfer from the metallacyclobutane: a key step in the deactivation and byproduct formation for the well-defined silica-supported rhenium alkylidene alkene metathesis catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6288-97. [PMID: 18402448 DOI: 10.1021/ja800189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The surface complex [([triple bond]SiO)Re([triple bond]CtBu)(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)] (1) is a highly efficient propene metathesis catalyst with high initial activities and a good productivity. However, it undergoes a fast deactivation process with time on stream, which is first order in active sites and ethene. Noteworthy, 1-butene and pentenes, unexpected products in the metathesis of propene, are formed as primary products, in large amount relative to Re (>>1 equiv/Re), showing that their formation is not associated with the formation of inactive species. DFT calculations on molecular model systems show that byproduct formation and deactivation start by a beta-H transfer trans to the weak sigma-donor ligand (siloxy) at the metallacyclobutane intermediate having a square-based pyramid geometry. This key step has an energy barrier slightly higher than that calculated for olefin metathesis. After beta-H transfer, the most accessible pathway is the insertion of ethene in the Re-H bond. The resulting pentacoordinated trisperhydrocarbyl complex rearranges via either (1) alpha-H abstraction yielding the unexpected 1-butene byproduct and the regeneration of the catalyst or (2) beta-H abstraction leading to degrafting. These deactivation and byproduct formation pathways are in full agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Leduc
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Lyon, C2P2 CNRS-Université Lyon 1-ESCPE Lyon, F308-43 F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Pantazis DA, McGrady JE, Besora M, Maseras F, Etienne M. On the Origin of α- and β-Agostic Distortions in Early-Transition-Metal Alkyl Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701211r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Unitat de Química Física, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, liée par conventions à l’Université Paul Sabatier et à l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne
| | - John E. McGrady
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Unitat de Química Física, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, liée par conventions à l’Université Paul Sabatier et à l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne
| | - Maria Besora
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Unitat de Química Física, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, liée par conventions à l’Université Paul Sabatier et à l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne
| | - Feliu Maseras
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Unitat de Química Física, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, liée par conventions à l’Université Paul Sabatier et à l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne
| | - Michel Etienne
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom, Unitat de Química Física, Edifici Cn, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona,08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain, Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avgda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, liée par conventions à l’Université Paul Sabatier et à l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse, 205 Route de Narbonne
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Grafting mechanism and olefin metathesis activity of well-defined silica-supported Mo imido alkyl alkylidene complexes. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2007.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Avenier P, Taoufik M, Lesage A, Solans-Monfort X, Baudouin A, de Mallmann A, Veyre L, Basset JM, Eisenstein O, Emsley L, Quadrelli EA. Dinitrogen Dissociation on an Isolated Surface Tantalum Atom. Science 2007; 317:1056-60. [PMID: 17717179 DOI: 10.1126/science.1143078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Both industrial and biochemical ammonia syntheses are thought to rely on the cooperation of multiple metals in breaking the strong triple bond of dinitrogen. Such multimetallic cooperation for dinitrogen cleavage is also the general rule for dinitrogen reductive cleavage with molecular systems and surfaces. We have observed cleavage of dinitrogen at 250 degrees C and atmospheric pressure by dihydrogen on isolated silica surface-supported tantalum(III) and tantalum(V) hydride centers [(identical with Si-O)2Ta(III)-H] and [(identical with Si-O)2Ta(V)H3], leading to the Ta(V) amido imido product [(identical with SiO)2Ta(=NH)(NH2)]: We assigned the product structure based on extensive characterization by infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, isotopic labeling studies, and supporting data from x-ray absorption and theoretical simulations. Reaction intermediates revealed by in situ monitoring of the reaction with infrared spectroscopy support a mechanism highly distinct from those previously observed in enzymatic, organometallic, and heterogeneous N2 activating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Avenier
- Université de Lyon, C2P2, Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface UMR5265 CNRS-CPE-UCBL1 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077 F-69616, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Poater A, Solans-Monfort X, Clot E, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. Understanding d0-Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Which Metal, Which Ligands? J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8207-16. [PMID: 17559212 DOI: 10.1021/ja070625y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT, B3PW91) calculations have been carried out on the reactivity of ethene with model systems M(NR)(=CHCH3)(X)(Y) for M = Mo or W, R = methyl or phenyl, X = CH2CH3, OCH3, or OSiH3, and Y = CH2CH3, OCH3, or OSiH3, which are representative of experimental olefin metathesis catalysts, and the results are compared to those previously obtained for Re(CCH3)(=CHCH3)(X)(Y). The general pathway comprises four steps: olefin coordination, [2+2] cycloaddition, cycloreversion, and olefin de-coordination. Two key factors have been found to control the detailed shape of the energy profiles: the energy of distortion of the tetrahedral catalyst and the stability of the metallacycle intermediate, which is controlled by the M-C bond strength. The efficiency has been evaluated by calculating the turnover frequency (TOF) based on the steady-state approximation, and the most striking feature is that the unsymmetrical catalysts (X not equal to Y) are systematically more efficient for all systems (Mo, W, and Re). Overall, the Re complexes have been found to be less efficient than the Mo and W catalysts, except when Re is unsymmetrically substituted: it is then calculated to be as efficient as the best Mo and W catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, Case Courier 1501, Place E Bataillon, Chimie Théorique, Méthodologies, Modélisations, Montpellier, France
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36
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2005. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Copéret C, Basset JM. Strategies to Immobilize Well-Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Supported Homogeneous Catalysisvs. Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Schrock R, Czekelius C. Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Applications of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene and Alkylidyne Catalysts for the Metathesis of Alkenes and Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Copéret C. Design and understanding of heterogeneous alkene metathesis catalysts. Dalton Trans 2007:5498-504. [DOI: 10.1039/b713314f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Rhers B, Salameh A, Baudouin A, Quadrelli EA, Taoufik M, Copéret C, Lefebvre F, Basset JM, Solans-Monfort X, Eisenstein O, Lukens WW, Lopez LPH, Sinha A, Schrock RR. A Well-Defined, Silica-Supported Tungsten Imido Alkylidene Olefin Metathesis Catalyst. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060279d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Rhers
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Alain Salameh
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Anne Baudouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Mostafa Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Frédéric Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Xavier Solans-Monfort
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Odile Eisenstein
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Wayne W. Lukens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Lordes Pia H. Lopez
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Amritanshu Sinha
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Richard R. Schrock
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon), 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry 6-331, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Gao F, Wang Y, Tysoe WT. Formation and Decomposition of C3 Metallacycles from Ethylene and Methylene on MoAl Alloy Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7091-6. [PMID: 16719491 DOI: 10.1021/ja0607685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between adsorbed ethylene and methylene species has been investigated on a molybdenum-aluminum alloy grown from Mo(CO)(6) on a planar alumina film formed on a Mo(100) single crystal in ultrahigh vacuum. Di-sigma-bonded ethylene reacts with carbene species, formed on the surface from methylene iodide, to form a C(3) metallacycle. This predominantly decomposes to yield propylene, while a smaller portion yields cross-metathesis products since (12)C(13)CH(4) is formed from reaction between (13)C(2)H(4) and (12)CH(2). This work demonstrates for the first time that the reaction proceeds in heterogeneous phase via a C(3) metallacycle as proposed in the Hérisson-Chauvin mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Laboratory for Surface Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
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Solans-Monfort X, Clot E, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. d0 Re-based olefin metathesis catalysts, Re([triple bond]CR)(=CHR)(X)(Y): the key role of X and Y ligands for efficient active sites. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 127:14015-25. [PMID: 16201824 DOI: 10.1021/ja053528i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DFT(B3PW91) calculations show that the reaction pathways for ethylene metathesis with Re([triple bond]CMe)(=CHMe)(X)(Y) (X/Y = CH2CH3/CH2CH3; CH2CH3/OSiH3; OSiH3/CH2CH3; OCH3/OCH3, CH2CH3/OCH3, and OCF3/OCF3) occur in two steps: first, the pseudo-tetrahedral d0 Re complexes distort to a trigonal pyramid to open a coordination site for ethylene, which remains far from Re (early transition state for C-C bond formation). The energy barrier, determined by the energy required to distort the catalyst, is the lowest for unsymmetrical ligands (X not equal Y) when the apical site of the TBP is occupied by a good sigma-donor ligand (X) and the basal site by a poor sigma-donor (Y). Second, the formation of metallacyclobutanes (late transition state for C-C bond formation) has a low energy barrier for any type of ligands, decreasing for poor sigma-donor X and Y ligands, because they polarize the Re-C alkylidene bond as Re(+delta)=C(-delta), which favors the reaction with ethylene, itself polarized by the metal center in the reverse way. The metallacyclobutane is also a TBP, with apical alkylidyne and Y ligands, and it is stabilized by poor sigma-donor X and Y. The best catalyst will have the more shallow potential energy surface, and will thus be obtained for the unsymmetrical set of ligands with X = a good sigma-donor (alkyl) and Y = a poor sigma-donor (O-based ligand). This rationalizes the high efficiency of well-defined Re alkylidene supported on silica, compared to its homogeneous equivalent, Re([triple bond]CMe)(=CHMe)(OR)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Solans-Monfort
- LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS), cc 14, Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Solans-Monfort X, Filhol JS, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. Structure, spectroscopic and electronic properties of a well defined silica supported olefin metathesis catalyst, [(SiO)Re(CR)(CHR)(CH2R)], through DFT periodic calculations: silica is just a large siloxy ligand. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b603426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Poater A, Solans-Monfort X, Clot E, Copéret C, Eisenstein O. DFT calculations of d0M(NR)(CHtBu)(X)(Y) (M = Mo, W; R = CPh3, 2,6-iPr–C6H3; X and Y = CH2tBu, OtBu, OSi(OtBu)3) olefin metathesis catalysts: structural, spectroscopic and electronic properties. Dalton Trans 2006:3077-87. [PMID: 16786066 DOI: 10.1039/b604481f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT(B3PW91) calculations have been carried out to rationalise the structural, electronic and spectroscopic properties of Mo and W imido M(NR1)(CHR2)(X)(Y) olefin metathesis catalysts by using either simplified or actual ligands of the experimental complexes. The calculated structures, energetics (preference for the syn isomer and alkylidene rotational barrier for the syn/anti interconversion), and spectroscopic properties (NMR J(C-H) coupling constants) are in good agreement with available experimental data. Additionally, the alkylidene nu(C-H) stretching frequencies, not available experimentally, have been calculated. These quasi-tetrahedral complexes have a linear imido group and a C-H alkylidene agostic interaction, which stabilizes the syn isomer. Whether looking at M(NR1)(CHR2)(X)(Y), M = Mo, W, or the isolobal Re complexes, Re(CR1)(CHR2)(X)(Y), a linear correlation is obtained between both the alkylidene nu(C-H) stretching frequencies and J(C-H) coupling constants with the calculated alkylidene C-H bond lengths. These correlations show that the strength of the alpha-C-H agostic interaction increases from alkylidyne Re to imido group 6 complexes and from Mo to W. The NBO and AIM Bader analyses show firstly that the imido and alkylidyne groups are both triply bonded to the metal, but that the triply bonded imido ligand is a weaker electron donor than the alkylidyne, hence the stronger alpha-C-H agostic interaction for group 6 imido complexes. Secondly, one of the pi bonds of the triply bonded ligand is weakened at the transition state of the alkylidene rotation: while no lone pair is formed, the metal-ligand triple bond is polarized. This is more favourable for an imido than for an alkylidyne ligand, hence the lower alkylidene rotational barrier for the former complexes. Conversely, the aryl imido is even less of an electron donor than the alkyl imido group, which in turn strengthens the alpha-C-H agostic interaction and lowers the alkylidene rotational barrier even more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Poater
- LSDSMS (UMR 5636 CNRS-UM2), Institut Gerhardt, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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Solans-Monfort X, Eisenstein O. DFT calculations of NMR JC–H coupling constants: An additional tool to characterize the α-agostic interaction in high oxidation state M-alkylidene complexes (M=Re, Mo and Ta). Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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