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Hamui L, Sánchez-Vergara ME, Corona-Sánchez R, Jiménez-Sandoval O, Álvarez-Toledano C. Innovative Incorporation of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) as Hole Carrier Transport Layer and as Anode for Organic Solar Cells Performance Improvement. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2808. [PMID: 33260898 PMCID: PMC7760372 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a comparative study of benzoid poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as electrode and as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) in the manufacture of organic photovoltaic devices using Fischer metal-carbene complexes. The performance of the different devices was evaluated for solar cell applications. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the thin films that integrated the devices. A more ordered and crystallized active film microstructure is observed when using benzoid PEDOT:PSS as nucleation layer. The optical gap for both direct and indirect electronic transitions was evaluated from ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy data (UV-vis), as well as the absorption coefficient (α), and the values are in the range of 2.10-2.93 eV. Photovoltaic devices with conventional architecture, using two different chromium carbenes as active layers, were manufactured, and their electrical behavior was studied. The devices were irradiated with different wavelengths between the infrared and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Using the PEDOT:PSS film as hole carrier transport layer (HTL) decreases the slope on the ohmic and space charge limited current (SCLC) regions and eliminates the trap-charge limited current (T-CLC) mechanism. Furthermore, a saturation current of ~1.95 × 10-10 A and higher current values ~1.75 × 10-2 A at 4 V, ~4 orders in magnitude larger were observed. The PEDOT:PSS films as HTL in the devices reduced the injection barrier, thus showing a better performance than as anodes in this type of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hamui
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Maria Elena Sánchez-Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Huixquilucan 52786, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Ricardo Corona-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09340, Mexico;
| | - Omar Jiménez-Sandoval
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Querétaro, Libramiento Norponiente 2000, Fracc. Real de Juriquilla, Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Cecilio Álvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
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Guricová M, Tobrman T, Pižl M, Žižková S, Hoskovcová I, Dvořák D. Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical properties of Cr(0) aminocarbene complexes containing condensed heteroaromatic moiety. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Collado A, Gómez‐Gallego M, Santiago A, Sierra MA. Understanding the Reactivity of Group 6 Metal (M = Cr, W) Alkynyl Fischer Carbene Complexes with Multi‐Reactive Masked Dienes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Mar Gómez‐Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alicia Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I Facultad de Química Centro de Investigación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO‐CINQA) Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid Spain
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Anjali BA, Suresh CH. Electronic effect of ligands vs. reduction potentials of Fischer carbene complexes of chromium: a molecular electrostatic potential analysis. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular electrostatic potential at the chromium centre (VCr) emerges as a powerful predictor of reduction potential (E0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Amutha Anjali
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum 695019
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Trivandrum 695019
- India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Lazo-Jiménez RE, Ortega-Alfaro MC, López-Cortés JG, Alvarez-Toledano C, Chávez-Carvayar JÁ, Ignés-Mullol J, González-Torres M, Carreón-Castro P. Nanostructured Thin Films Obtained from Fischer Aminocarbene Complexes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:ma9030167. [PMID: 28773289 PMCID: PMC5456707 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of four amphiphilic organometallic complexes with the general formula RC = M(CO)₅NH(CH₂)15CH₃, where R is a ferrocenyl 2(a-b) or a phenyl 4(a-b) group as a donor moiety and a Fischer carbene of chromium (0) or tungsten (0) as an acceptor group, are reported. These four push-pull systems formed Langmuir (L) monolayers at the air-water interface, which were characterized by isotherms of surface pressure versus molecular area and compression/expansion cycles (hysteresis curves); Brewster angle microscopic images were also obtained. By using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, molecular monolayers were transferred onto glass substrates forming Z-type multilayers. LB films were characterized through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Results indicated that films obtained from 2b complex [(Ferrocenyl)(hexadecylamine)methylidene] pentacarbonyl tungsten (0) are the most stable and homogeneous; due to their properties, these materials may be incorporated into organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa E Lazo-Jiménez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. Postal 70-543 Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - M Carmen Ortega-Alfaro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. Postal 70-543 Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - José G López-Cortés
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Cecilio Alvarez-Toledano
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - José Á Chávez-Carvayar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Circuito Exterior, Ciudad. Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
| | - Jordi Ignés-Mullol
- Departament de Química-Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
| | - Maykel González-Torres
- Centro de Física y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
| | - Pilar Carreón-Castro
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. Postal 70-543 Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, México, D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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Bezuidenhout DI, van der Westhuizen B, Strydom I, Swarts PJ, Swarts JC, Fernández I. Synthesis and electrochemical investigation of chromium(0) ferrocenyl-substituted carbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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van der Westhuizen B, Speck JM, Korb M, Friedrich J, Bezuidenhout DI, Lang H. Metal–Metal Interaction in Fischer Carbene Complexes: A Study of Ferrocenyl and Biferrocenyl Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14253-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402202w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Matthäus Speck
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Joachim Friedrich
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Theoretische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Heinrich Lang
- Fakultät
für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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van der Westhuizen B, Swarts PJ, van Jaarsveld LM, Liles DC, Siegert U, Swarts JC, Fernández I, Bezuidenhout DI. Substituent Effects on the Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, and Structural Properties of Fischer Mono- and Biscarbene Complexes of Chromium(0). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6674-84. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4007422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter J. Swarts
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein
9300, South Africa
| | - Louise M. van Jaarsveld
- Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028,
Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David C. Liles
- Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028,
Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Uwe Siegert
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein
9300, South Africa
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein
9300, South Africa
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química
Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela I. Bezuidenhout
- Chemistry Department, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028,
Pretoria, South Africa
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van der Westhuizen B, Swarts PJ, Strydom I, Liles DC, Fernández I, Swarts JC, Bezuidenhout DI. Electrochemical illumination of thienyl and ferrocenyl chromium(0) Fischer carbene complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5367-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32913e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Bezuidenhout DI, Lotz S, Liles DC, van der Westhuizen B. Recent advances in the field of multicarbene and multimetal carbene complexes of the Fischer-type. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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11
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Jirásko R, Holčapek M. Structural analysis of organometallic compounds with soft ionization mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1013-1036. [PMID: 21104914 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of organometallic compounds with mass spectrometry has some special features in comparison with organic and bioorganic compounds. The first step is the choice of a suitable ionization technique, where the electrospray ionization is certainly the best possibility for most classes of organometallic compounds and metal complexes. Some ionization mechanisms of organometallic compounds are comparable to organic molecules, such as protonation/deprotonation, and adduct formation with sodium or potassium ions; however, in many cases, different mechanisms and their combinations complicate the spectra interpretation. Organometallics frequently undergo various types of adduct and polymerization reactions that result in significantly higher masses observed in the spectra in comparison to molecular weights of studied compounds. Metal elements typically have more natural isotopes than common organic elements, which cause characteristic wide distributions of isotopic peaks; for example, tin has ten natural isotopes. The isotopic pattern can be used for the identification of the type and number of metal elements in particular ions. The ionization and fragmentation behavior also depend on the type of metal atom; therefore, our discussion of mass spectra interpretation is divided according to the different type of organometallic compounds. Among various types of mass spectrometers available on the market, trap-based analyzers (linear or spherical ion-traps, Orbitrap) are suitable to study complex fragmentation pathways of organometallic ions and their adducts, whereas high-resolution and high-mass accuracy analyzers (time-of-flight-based analyzers, or Fourier transform-based analyzers-Orbitrap or ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers) provide accurate masses applicable for the determination of the elemental composition of individual ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jirásko
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Helten H, Beckmann M, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. Synthesis and Reactivity of an Unusual Ferrocenophane Bis(carbene complex). Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Sandoval-Chávez C, López-Cortés JG, Gutiérrez-Hernández AI, Ortega-Alfaro MC, Toscano A, Alvarez-Toledano C. An expedient approach to ferrocenyl thioamides via Fischer carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Lage ML, Mancheño MJ, Martínez-Álvarez R, Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Behavior of Group 6 Fischer Aminocarbene Complexes in a Supercharged Medium: A Single Electron Transfer−H Atom Transfer Process. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900159h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta L. Lage
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Mancheño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of mercury complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from 1,2,4-triazolium salt precursors. OPEN CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-006-0050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBy mixing 1,2,4-triazolium salts (precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes 1–6) with mercury acetate, a number of complexes have been obtained under electrospray ionization condition. Carbenes 1 and 2 contain one carbene center; therefore, they are able to bond only one mercury cation. Carbenes 3–5 contain two carbene centers; therefore, they can bond two mercury cations. Mercury complexes of 1–5 always contain an acetate anion attached to a mercury cation. Carbene 6 also contains two carbene centers; however, its structure allows formation of a complex containing mercury bonded simultaneously to both centers, therefore, the complex that does not contain an acetate anion. The MS/MS spectra taken for complexes of carbenes 1–5 have shown formation of a cation corresponding to N1 substituent (adamantyl or benzyl), and those of complexes of carbenes 3–5 (doubly charged ions) have also shown the respective complementary partner ions. Mercury complex of 2 has yielded some other interesting fragmentation pathways, e.g. a loss of the HHgOOCCH3 molecule. The fragmentation pathway of the mercury complexes of 6 was found to be complicated.
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Sierra MA, Gómez-Gallego M, Martínez-Alvarez R. Fischer Carbene Complexes: Beautiful Playgrounds To Study Single Electron Transfer (SET) Reactions. Chemistry 2007; 13:736-44. [PMID: 17171739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the reactivity of Fischer carbene complexes in electron transfer processes is still in the early stage of development, but interesting advances are foreseeable in this young branch of metal-carbene chemistry. Although these compounds have a dual reactivity (which makes them good substrates for oxidation and reduction processes), their behavior towards chemical electron transfer (ET) reagents was unknown until very recently. This article covers the progress accomplished in the reactivity of these compounds towards chemical ET reagents (C(8)K or SmI(2)), as well as the use of nonconventional sources of electrons, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) to induce ET processes. Special emphasis will be made on the effect of the structure of the starting carbene in the outcome of the reaction and in discussing the different mechanisms proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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López C, Pérez S, Solans X, Font-Bardía M, Roig A, Molins E, van Leeuwen, van Strijdonck. Heterodimetallic Palladium(II) Complexes with Bidentate (N,S) or Terdentate (C,N,S)- Ferrocenyl Ligands. The Effect of the Ligand Donor Atoms on the Regioselectivity of the Allylic Alkylation of Cinnamyl Acetate. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060647d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción López
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - Sonia Pérez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - Xavier Solans
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - Mercè Font-Bardía
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - Anna Roig
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - Elies Molins
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - van Leeuwen
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
| | - van Strijdonck
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Departament de Cristal·lografia, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193-Bellaterra, Spain, and Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2004. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gómez-Gallego M, Pellico D, Ramírez-López P, Mancheño MJ, Romano S, de la Torre MC, Sierra MA. Understanding of the Mode of Action of FeIII-EDDHA as Iron Chlorosis Corrector Based on Its Photochemical and Redox Behavior. Chemistry 2005; 11:5997-6005. [PMID: 16052655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The very low reduction potential of the chelate Fe(III)-EDDHA (EDDHA = ethylenediamine N,N'-bis(2-hydroxy)phenylacetic acid) makes it unreactive in photochemically or chemically induced electron transfer processes. The lack of reactivity of this complex toward light invalidates photodegradation as an alternative mechanism for environmental elimination. However, in spite of its low reduction potential, the biological reduction of Fe(III)-EDDHA is very effective. Based on electrochemical measurements, it is proposed that Fe(III)-EDDHA itself is not the substrate of the enzyme ferric chelate reductase. Likely, at the more acidic pH in the vicinity of the roots, the ferric chelate in a closed form (FeL-) could generate a vacant coordination site that leads to an open hexacoordinate species (FeHL) where the reduction of the metal by the enzyme takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:973-84. [PMID: 16034836 DOI: 10.1002/jms.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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21
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Weilandt T, Gräff E, Schneider JF, Koch AW, Zschoche FA, Dötz KH, Schalley CA. Mass Spectrometric Detection and Fragmentation Patterns of Synthetically Useful Chromium and Tungsten Carbene Complexes. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050099o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Weilandt
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ephraim Gräff
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen F. Schneider
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander W. Koch
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian A. Zschoche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Heinz Dötz
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph A. Schalley
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Wulff WD, Korthals KA, Martínez-Alvarez R, Gómez-Gallego M, Fernández I, Sierra MA. Study of the ESI-Mass Spectrometry Ionization Mechanism of Fischer Carbene Complexes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5269-77. [PMID: 15960531 DOI: 10.1021/jo050553y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By means of deuterium-labeling experiments, we have carried out a systematic ESI-MS study to determine the mechanism of ESI ionization of alkenyl and alkynyl group 6 Fischer carbene complexes. These compounds can be ionized under ESI conditions only in the presence of additives such as hydroquinone (HQ) or tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). Our results demonstrate that in the ESI source an anion-radical is formed after the initial HQ- or TTF-mediated electron transfer to the metallic carbene complex. For alkenyl carbene complexes, this species evolves by extrusion of a hydrogen radical to form an allenylchromium anion that is detected as the [M - H](-) ion in the mass spectrum. The preference for this mechanistic pathway could be rationalized by DFT calculations. In the case of alkynyl carbene complexes, experiments combining deuterated substrate, additive, and solvent demonstrate that the previously proposed allene-anion carbene complex is not formed. Instead, the H transfer from the ethoxy group in the anion radical, followed by extrusion of a hydrogen radical, leads to an allenyl anion that is detected in the ESI-MS as [M - H - CO](-).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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