1
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Marx FTI, Jordaan JHL, Lachmann G, Vosloo HCM. A comparison of low and high activity precatalysts: do the calculated energy barriers during the self-metathesis reaction of 1-octene correlate with the precatalyst metathesis activity? J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1464-71. [PMID: 24866263 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The self-metathesis reaction of 1-octene with several well-known Grubbs-type precatalysts and the new Z-selective Grubbs precatalyst were studied with molecular modeling. The obtained Gibbs-free energy values for all the steps during the productive metathesis of 1-octene were compared to the values obtained for some low catalytic activity precatalysts. Determining how the Gibbs-free energy values of highly active precatalysts compare to that of low catalytic activity precatalysts gave a deeper insight into the mechanism. The questionable correlation of the theoretically observed trends with those obtained experimentally does point to the need to be very cautious when making assumptions from theoretical results without a sufficiently large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans T I Marx
- Research Focus Area for Chemical Resource Beneficiation:, Catalysis and Synthesis Group, North-West University, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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2
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Marx FTI, Jordaan JHL, Lachmann G, Vosloo HCM. A molecular modeling study of the changes of some steric properties of the precatalysts during the olefin metathesis reaction. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1457-63. [PMID: 24866082 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The productive self-metathesis of 1-octene with a series of new phosphine ligated Grubbs-type precatalysts was studied. The resulting structures were used to compare some steric properties of the new precatalysts with those of well-known precatalysts. The possibility of α-CC agnostic stabilization as well as the ability of the ligands to shield the metal was studied. A comparison of the obtained data, pointed to the unlikelihood that α-CC agostic stabilization is a major contribution to the stabilization of the various metallacyclobutane rings. The similarity in the ability of the ligands to shield the metal also raised questions about the comparison of experimentally observed trends with those obtained theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans T I Marx
- Research Focus Area for Chemical Resource Beneficiation: Catalysis and Synthesis Group, North-West University, Hoffmann Street, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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3
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Lister JM, Carreira M, Haddow MF, Hamilton A, McMullin CL, Orpen AG, Pringle PG, Stennett TE. Unexpectedly High Barriers to M–P Rotation in Tertiary Phobane Complexes: PhobPR Behavior That Is Commensurate with tBu2PR. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om400980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. Lister
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Monica Carreira
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Mairi F. Haddow
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Alex Hamilton
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Claire L. McMullin
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - A. Guy Orpen
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Tom E. Stennett
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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4
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Manzini S, Nelson DJ, Lebl T, Poater A, Cavallo L, Slawin AMZ, Nolan SP. From ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst to (η5-3-phenylindenyl)hydrido complex via alcoholysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2205-7. [PMID: 24435451 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Manzini
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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5
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Birbeck JM, Haynes A, Adams H, Damoense L, Otto S. Ligand Effects on Reactivity of Cobalt Acyl Complexes. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300589n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Birbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Anthony Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Harry Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Llewellyn Damoense
- Sasol Technology Research & Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
| | - Stefanus Otto
- Sasol Technology Research & Development, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
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6
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Dodds DL, Floure J, Garland M, Haddow MF, Leonard TR, McMullin CL, Orpen AG, Pringle PG. Diphosphanes derived from phobane and phosphatrioxa-adamantane: similarities, differences and anomalies. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:7137-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10335k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Bungu PN, Otto S. Evaluation of ligand effects in the modified cobalt hydroformylation of 1-octene. Crystal structures of [Co(L)(CO)3]2 (L = PA–C5, PCy3 and PCyp3). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:9238-49. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10581g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Sauvage X, Zaragoza G, Demonceau A, Delaude L. Mixed Isobutylphobane/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium‐ Indenylidene Complexes: Synthesis and Catalytic Evaluation in Olefin Metathesis Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Sauvage
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart‐Tilman par 4000 Liège, Belgium, Fax: (+32)‐4‐366‐3497
| | - Guillermo Zaragoza
- Unidade de Difracción de Raios X, Edificio CACTUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Albert Demonceau
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart‐Tilman par 4000 Liège, Belgium, Fax: (+32)‐4‐366‐3497
| | - Lionel Delaude
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Catalysis, Institut de Chimie (B6a), Université de Liège, Sart‐Tilman par 4000 Liège, Belgium, Fax: (+32)‐4‐366‐3497
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9
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Marx FTI, Jordaan JHL, Vosloo HCM. DFT investigation of the 1-octene metathesis reaction mechanism with the Phobcat precatalyst. J Mol Model 2009; 15:1371-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-009-0513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Carreira M, Charernsuk M, Eberhard M, Fey N, Ginkel RV, Hamilton A, Mul WP, Orpen AG, Phetmung H, Pringle PG. Anatomy of Phobanes. Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Three Isomers of n-Butylphobane and a Comparison of their Donor Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:3078-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808807s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Carreira
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Manutsavin Charernsuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Michael Eberhard
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Roel van Ginkel
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Alex Hamilton
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Wilhelmus P. Mul
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - A. Guy Orpen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Hirihataya Phetmung
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
| | - Paul G. Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K., and Shell Global Solutions International B.V., P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam
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11
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Wolf J, Thommes K, Briel O, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Dinuclear Ruthenium Ethylene Complexes: Syntheses, Structures, and Catalytic Applications in ATRA and ATRC Reactions. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Wolf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Katrin Thommes
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Oliver Briel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Umicore AG & Co KG, D-63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
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12
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Lewis JC, Bergman RG, Ellman JA. Direct functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles via Rh-catalyzed C-H bond activation. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:1013-25. [PMID: 18616300 DOI: 10.1021/ar800042p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 859] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Reaction: see text]. Nitrogen heterocycles are present in many compounds of enormous practical importance, ranging from pharmaceutical agents and biological probes to electroactive materials. Direct functionalization of nitrogen heterocycles through C-H bond activation constitutes a powerful means of regioselectively introducing a variety of substituents with diverse functional groups onto the heterocycle scaffold. Working together, our two groups have developed a family of Rh-catalyzed heterocycle alkylation and arylation reactions that are notable for their high level of functional-group compatibility. This Account describes our work in this area, emphasizing the relevant mechanistic insights that enabled synthetic advances and distinguished the resulting transformations from other methods. We initially discovered an intramolecular Rh-catalyzed C-2 alkylation of azoles by alkenyl groups. That reaction provided access to a number of di-, tri-, and tetracyclic azole derivatives. We then developed conditions that exploited microwave heating to expedite these reactions. While investigating the mechanism of this transformation, we discovered that a novel substrate-derived Rh- N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex was involved as an intermediate. We then synthesized analogous Rh-NHC complexes directly by treating precursors to the intermediate [RhCl(PCy 3)2] with N-methylbenzimidazole, 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazoline, and 1-methyl-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one. Extensive kinetic analysis and DFT calculations supported a mechanism for carbene formation in which the catalytically active RhCl(PCy 3) 2 fragment coordinates to the heterocycle before intramolecular activation of the C-H bond occurs. The resulting Rh-H intermediate ultimately tautomerizes to the observed carbene complex. With this mechanistic information and the discovery that acid cocatalysts accelerate the alkylation, we developed conditions that efficiently and intermolecularly alkylate a variety of heterocycles, including azoles, azolines, dihydroquinazolines, pyridines, and quinolines, with a wide range of functionalized olefins. We demonstrated the utility of this methodology in the synthesis of natural products, drug candidates, and other biologically active molecules. In addition, we developed conditions to directly arylate these heterocycles with aryl halides. Our initial conditions that used PCy 3 as a ligand were successful only for aryl iodides. However, efforts designed to avoid catalyst decomposition led to the development of ligands based on 9-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane (phoban) that also facilitated the coupling of aryl bromides. We then replicated the unique coordination environment, stability, and catalytic activity of this complex using the much simpler tetrahydrophosphepine ligands and developed conditions that coupled aryl bromides bearing diverse functional groups without the use of a glovebox or purified reagents. With further mechanistic inquiry, we anticipate that researchers will better understand the details of the aforementioned Rh-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions, resulting in the design of more efficient and robust catalysts, expanded substrate scope, and new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Insitute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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13
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Boeda F, Clavier H, Jordaan M, Meyer WH, Nolan SP. Phosphabicyclononane-Containing Ru Complexes: Efficient Pre-Catalysts for Olefin Metathesis Reactions. J Org Chem 2007; 73:259-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702169p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Boeda
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Sasol Technology (Pty), Ltd., R&D Division, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
| | - Hervé Clavier
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Sasol Technology (Pty), Ltd., R&D Division, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
| | - Margaritha Jordaan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Sasol Technology (Pty), Ltd., R&D Division, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
| | - Wolfgang H. Meyer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Sasol Technology (Pty), Ltd., R&D Division, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain, and Sasol Technology (Pty), Ltd., R&D Division, 1 Klasie Havenga Road, Sasolburg, 1947, South Africa
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14
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Vougioukalakis GC, Grubbs RH. Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing an N-Fluorophenyl-N-Mesityl-Substituted Unsymmetrical N-Heterocyclic Carbene. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0610593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios C. Vougioukalakis
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Baber RA, Haddow MF, Middleton AJ, Orpen AG, Pringle PG, Haynes A, Williams GL, Papp R. Ligand Stereoelectronic Effects in Complexes of Phospholanes, Phosphinanes, and Phosphepanes and Their Implications for Hydroformylation Catalysis. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060912v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rainer Papp
- BASF Aktiengesellschaft, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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16
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van Rensburg WJ, Steynberg PJ, Kirk MM, Meyer WH, Forman GS. Mechanistic comparison of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts: DFT insight into relative reactivity and decomposition behavior. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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