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Krupiński M, Krupińska B, Chulist R. Influence of Re on the Plastic Hardening Mechanism of Alloyed Copper. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5519. [PMID: 37629813 PMCID: PMC10456099 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the effect of adding rhenium to Cu-Ni-Si alloys on the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of these alloys. The scientific objective was to analyze the effect of Re addition on the microstructure of heat- and cold-treated CuNi2Si1 alloys. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, STEM) and scanning electron microscopy (EDS, WDS) were used to examine the microstructure. Orientation mapping was also performed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a backscattered electron diffraction (EBSD) system. In addition, hardness at low load and conductivity were tested. The obtained results showed that modifying the chemical composition of Re (0.6 wt%) inhibits the recrystallization process in the CuNi2Si1 alloy, which was cold deformed and then subjected to recrystallization annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Krupiński
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Beata Krupińska
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 18a Konarskiego St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Robert Chulist
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
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Krupińska B, Rdzawski Z, Krupiński M, Pakieła W. Precipitation Strengthening of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051182. [PMID: 32155812 PMCID: PMC7085094 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The work examines the effect of rhenium addition on the structure and properties of Cu–2Ni–1Si alloys. The aim of this work was to answer the question of how the addition of rhenium will affect the strengthening mechanisms of rhenium-modified, saturated, plastically deformed and aged Cu–2Ni–1Si alloys. How will this affect the crystallization process? What effect will it have on the properties? Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analysis of chemical composition in microareas (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, EDS), light microscopy, measurements of microhardness and conductivity of the alloys were used for the investigations. Research on chemical and phase composition were carried out with application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Modification with rhenium has caused an increase in hardness as a result of precipitation of small phases with rhenium. As the effect of supersaturation, cold plastic treatment as well as aging small phases with rhenium with a size of 200 nm to 600 nm causes both reinforcement of the alloy and makes recrystallization impossible. Re-addition also influences the stabilization of the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Krupińska
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Zbigniew Rdzawski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network—Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals, Sowinskiego St. 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Krupiński
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.)
| | - Wojciech Pakieła
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego St. 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (M.K.); (W.P.)
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Najafian A, Cundari TR. C–H Activation of Methane by Nickel–Methoxide Complexes: A Density Functional Theory Study. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Najafian
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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Figg TM, Cundari TR, Gunnoe TB. Non-redox Oxy-Insertion via Organometallic Baeyer–Villiger Transformations: A Computational Hammett Study of Platinum(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis M. Figg
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319; Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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Palkovits R, von Malotki C, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Baltes C, Antonietti M, Kuhn P, Weber J, Thomas A, Schüth F. Development of molecular and solid catalysts for the direct low-temperature oxidation of methane to methanol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2010; 3:277-282. [PMID: 19780100 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200900123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The direct low-temperature oxidation of methane to methanol is demonstrated on a highly active homogeneous molecular catalyst system and on heterogeneous molecular catalysts based on polymeric materials possessing ligand motifs within the material structure. The N-(2-methylpropyl)-4,5-diazacarbazolyl-dichloro-platinum(II) complex reaches significantly higher activity compared to the well-known Periana system and allows first conclusions on electronic and structural requirements for high catalytic activity in this reaction. Interestingly, comparable activities could be achieved utilizing a platinum modified poly(benzimidazole) material, which demonstrates for the first time a solid catalyst with superior activity compared to the Periana system. Although the material shows platinum leaching, improved activity and altered electronic properties, compared to the conventional Periana system, support the proposed conclusions on structure-activity relationships. In comparison, platinum modified triazine-based catalysts show lower catalytic activity, but rather stable platinum coordination even after several catalytic cycles. Based on these systems, further development of improved solid catalysts for the direct low-temperature oxidation of methane to methanol is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Palkovits
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim, Germany
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Ess DH, Nielsen RJ, Goddard III WA, Periana RA. Transition-State Charge Transfer Reveals Electrophilic, Ambiphilic, and Nucleophilic Carbon−Hydrogen Bond Activation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:11686-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja902748c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Ess
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - William A. Goddard III
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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Tenn WJ, Conley BL, Hövelmann CH, Ahlquist M, Nielsen RJ, Ess DH, Oxgaard J, Bischof SM, Goddard WA, Periana RA. Oxy-Functionalization of Nucleophilic Rhenium(I) Metal Carbon Bonds Catalyzed by Selenium(IV). J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:2466-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja806814c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William J. Tenn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Brian L. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Claas H. Hövelmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Mårten Ahlquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Robert J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Jonas Oxgaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Steven M. Bischof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - William A. Goddard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Roy A. Periana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and Scripps Energy Laboratories, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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