1
|
Dua P, Sen A, Rajaraman G. Unravelling the Mechanism of CO 2 Activation: Insights Into Metal-Metal Cooperativity and Spin-Orbit Coupling with {3d-4f} Catalysts. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401796. [PMID: 38771676 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Converting CO2 into useful chemicals using metal catalysts is a significant challenge in chemistry. Among the various catalysts reported, transition metal lanthanide hybrid {3d-4f} complexes stand out for their superior efficiency and site selectivity. However, unlike transition metal catalysts, understanding the origin of this efficiency in lanthanides poses a challenge due to their orbital degeneracy, rendering the application of DFT methods ineffective. In this study, we employed a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio CASSCF/RASSI-SO calculations to explore the mechanism of CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonate using a 3d-4f heterometallic catalyst for the first time. This work unveils the importance of 3d and 4f metal cooperativity and the role of individual spin-orbit states in dictating the overall efficiency of the catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Dua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Asmita Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo CH, Liang M, Jiao H. Cycloaddition mechanisms of CO2 and epoxide catalyzed by salophen – an organocatalyst free from metals and halides. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coupling mechanism of CO2 and epichlorohydrin catalyzed by salophen is computed. A neutral concerted bifunctional mechanism of phenolate as nucleophile and phenol as H-bonding donor in epoxide ring-opening and CO2 addition is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Min Liang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials (Ministry of Education)
- School of Chemistry and Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock
- Rostock
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Della Monica F, Kleij AW. Mechanistic guidelines in nonreductive conversion of CO2: the case of cyclic carbonates. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This perspective provides general mechanistic guidelines for the catalytic formation of cyclic organic carbonates from CO2 and cyclic ethers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Della Monica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- The Barcelona Institute for Science & Technology (BIST)
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Pei G, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang D, Bi S. Mechanistic exploration of CpRe(CO)3-catalyzed coupling of chloromethyloxirane with CO2: Unexpected potentials of CO ligands. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
5
|
Yan ZE, Huo RP, Guo LH, Zhang X. The mechanisms for N-heterocyclic olefin-catalyzed formation of cyclic carbonate from CO2 and propargylic alcohols. J Mol Model 2016; 22:94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Butera V, Russo N, Cosentino U, Greco C, Moro G, Pitea D, Sicilia E. Computational Insight on CO2
Fixation to Produce Styrene Carbonate Assisted by a Single-Center Aluminum(III) Catalyst and Quaternary Ammonium Salts. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Butera
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra; Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Ugo Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra; Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Claudio Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra; Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Giorgio Moro
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze; Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Demetrio Pitea
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio e di Scienze della Terra; Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 1 20126 Milano Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche; Università della Calabria; 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Desnoyer AN, Bowes EG, Patrick BO, Love JA. Synthesis of 2-Nickela(II)oxetanes from Nickel(0) and Epoxides: Structure, Reactivity, and a New Mechanism of Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12748-51. [PMID: 26423214 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2-Nickelaoxetanes have been frequently invoked as reactive intermediates in catalytic reactions of epoxides using nickel, but have never been isolated or experimentally observed in these transformations. Herein, we report the preparation of a series of well-defined nickelaoxetanes formed via the oxidative addition of nickel(0) with epoxides featuring ketones. The stereochemistry of the products is retained, which has not yet been reported for nickelaoxetanes. Theoretical calculations support a bimetallic ring-opening/closing pathway over a concerted oxidative addition. Initial reactivity studies of a nickelaoxetane demonstrated protonolysis, oxidatively induced reductive elimination, deoxygenation, and elimination reactions when treated with the appropriate reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Addison N Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Eric G Bowes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Offermans WK, Bizzarri C, Leitner W, Müller TE. Surprisingly facile CO2 insertion into cobalt alkoxide bonds: A theoretical investigation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1340-51. [PMID: 26425188 PMCID: PMC4578342 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploiting carbon dioxide as co-monomer with epoxides in the production of polycarbonates is economically highly attractive. More effective catalysts for this reaction are intensively being sought. To promote better understanding of the catalytic pathways, this study uses density functional theory calculations to elucidate the reaction step of CO2 insertion into cobalt(III)-alkoxide bonds, which is also the central step of metal catalysed carboxylation reactions. It was found that CO2 insertion into the cobalt(III)-alkoxide bond of [(2-hydroxyethoxy)Co(III)(salen)(L)] complexes (salen = N,N"-bis(salicyliden-1,6-diaminophenyl)) is exothermic, whereby the exothermicity depends on the trans-ligand L. The more electron-donating this ligand is, the more exothermic the insertion step is. Interestingly, we found that the activation barrier decreases with increasing exothermicity of the CO2 insertion. Hereby, a linear Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relationship was found between the activation energy and the reaction energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willem K Offermans
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Bizzarri
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie und Petrolchemie, ITMC, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas E Müller
- CAT Catalytic Center, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Jin X, Li Y, Li P, Zhang J, He H, Zhang S. Insight into the activity of efficient acid–base bifunctional catalysts for the coupling reaction of CO2. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1037804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
10
|
Wang L, Li P, Jin X, Zhang J, He H, Zhang S. Mechanism of fixation of CO2 in the presence of hydroxyl-functionalized quaternary ammonium salts. J CO2 UTIL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Marmitt S, Gonçalves PFB. A DFT study on the insertion of CO2into styrene oxide catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methyl-Imidazolium bromide ionic liquid. J Comput Chem 2015; 36:1322-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Marmitt
- Theoretical Chemistry Group; Institute of Chemistry; UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS Brazil
| | - Paulo F. B. Gonçalves
- Theoretical Chemistry Group; Institute of Chemistry; UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre 91501-970 RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Insight into the reaction mechanisms between CO2 and epoxides over Zn(II) phenoxide catalytic system – A DFT study. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
13
|
Guo CH, Tian LC, Jia J, Wu HS. Theoretical study on the nickel(0)-mediated coupling of carbon dioxide and benzylidenecyclopropane: Mechanism and selectivity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Huang CYD, Doyle AG. The chemistry of transition metals with three-membered ring heterocycles. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8153-98. [PMID: 24869559 DOI: 10.1021/cr500036t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
15
|
Wang F, Xu C, Li Z, Xia C, Chen J. Mechanism and origins of enantioselectivity for [BMIM]Cl ionic liquids and ZnCl2 co-catalyzed coupling reaction of CO2 with epoxides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Chavhan SW, Cook MJ. Silicon-Directed Rhenium-Catalyzed Allylic Carbaminations and Oxidative Fragmentations of γ-Silyl Allylic Alcohols. Chemistry 2014; 20:4891-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Darensbourg DJ, Yeung AD. A concise review of computational studies of the carbon dioxide–epoxide copolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of polycarbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides is an important route by which waste CO2 is converted into useful products. This review surveys the use of computational chemistry toward understanding this reaction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Foltran S, Mereau R, Tassaing T. Theoretical study on the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide with propylene oxide catalyzed by ammonium and guanidinium salts. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
19
|
Mechanistic Insights into the Rhenium-Catalyzed Alcohol-To-Olefin Dehydration Reaction. Chemistry 2013; 19:13224-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
20
|
Darensbourg DJ, Yeung AD. Thermodynamics of the Carbon Dioxide–Epoxide Copolymerization and Kinetics of the Metal-Free Degradation: A Computational Study. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3021823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald J. Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| | - Andrew D. Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843,
United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
A novel and recyclable catalytic system for propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Fan T, Chen X, Lin Z. Theoretical studies of reactions of carbon dioxide mediated and catalysed by transition metal complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:10808-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34542k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
24
|
Wang Z, Bu Z, Ren T, Cao T, Yang L. Mechanistic aspects of the cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide using the trans-Ru(py)4Cl2 catalyst. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-011-0301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
25
|
Dauth A, Love JA. Reactivity by Design—Metallaoxetanes as Centerpieces in Reaction Development. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2010-47. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100388p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dauth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jennifer A. Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Foltran S, Méreau R, Tassaing T. On the interaction between supercritical CO2 and epoxides combining infrared absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9209-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02539a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|