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Wei B, Wang C, Miao H, Qin Z, Huang M, Xu Y, Xue W, Yang S, Liu C, Bai C, Chen Z. Novel bidentate N-coordinated alkylaluminum complexes: synthesis, characterization, and efficient catalysis for hydrophosphonylation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4185-4193. [PMID: 38323430 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Five new alkylaluminum complexes with different pyridinyl-substituted imines or cyclohexyl-substituted imines were synthesized and characterized successfully. The aluminum complex [FlCHNCH(CH3)Py]AlMe2(Py = 2-pyridyl) (1) was obtained by reacting 9-[2-pyridyl-CH(CH3)-NCH]Fl (Fl = fluorenyl) (L1) and equimolar AlMe3. The reactions of 9-(2-pyridyl-NCH)Fl (L2) and 9-[2-N(CH3)2-cyclohexyl-NCH]Fl (L3) with equimolar AlMe3 or AlEt3 afforded other alkylaluminum complexes [FlCHNPy]AlMe2(Py = 2-pyridyl) (2), [FlCHNPy]AlEt2 (Py = 2-pyridyl) (3), [FlCHNCyN(CH3)2]AlMe2 (Cy = 2-cyclohexyl) (4) and [FlCHNCyN(CH3)2]AlEt2 (Cy = 2-cyclohexyl) (5). All these complexes (1-5) were characterized using NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The catalytic properties of these new alkylaluminum complexes for the hydrophosphonylation of aldimines were examined. Complex 5 showed the best catalytic performance under mild reaction conditions with a low catalyst loading (1 mol%), and 20 different substituents of aldimines were isolated with more than 90% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wei
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Miao
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Zhibiao Qin
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Mengna Huang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Wenhui Xue
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Shucheng Yang
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Chenxu Liu
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Cuibing Bai
- Anhui Provincial Joint Key Laboratory for Innovative Drug Research and Industry Integration, School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, P. R. China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
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2
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Evans MJ, Anker MD, McMullin CL, Coles MP. Reductive Coupling of a Diazoalkane Derivative Promoted by a Potassium Aluminyl and Elimination of Dinitrogen to Generate a Reactive Aluminium Ketimide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302903. [PMID: 37786384 PMCID: PMC10946750 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 9-diazo-9H-fluorene (fluN2 ) with the potassium aluminyl K[Al(NON)] ([NON]2- =[O(SiMe2 NDipp)2 ]2- , Dipp=2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 ) affords K[Al(NON)(κN1 ,N3 -{(fluN2 )2 })] (1). Structural analysis shows a near planar 1,4-di(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)tetraazadiide ligand that chelates to the aluminium. The thermally induced elimination of dinitrogen from 1 affords the neutral aluminium ketimide complex, Al(NON)(N=flu)(THF) (2) and the 1,2-di(9H-fluoren-9-yl)diazene dianion as the potassium salt, [K2 (THF)3 ][fluN=Nflu] (3). The reaction of 2 with N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (iPrN=C=NiPr) affords the aluminium guanidinate complex, Al(NON){N(iPr)C(N=CMe2 )N(CHflu)} (4), showing a rare example of reactivity at a metal ketimide ligand. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been used to examine the bonding in the newly formed [(fluN2 )2 ]2- ligand in 1 and the ketimide bonding in 2. The mechanism leading to the formation of 4 has also been studied using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonP.O. Box 600Wellington6012New Zealand
| | - Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonP.O. Box 600Wellington6012New Zealand
| | | | - Martyn P. Coles
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonP.O. Box 600Wellington6012New Zealand
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3
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Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Fernández-Galán R, Ramos A, Elorriaga D. Guanidinates as Alternative Ligands for Organometallic Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:5962. [PMID: 36144698 PMCID: PMC9501388 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, ligands such as phosphanes or cyclopentadienyl ring derivatives have dominated Coordination and Organometallic Chemistry. At the same time, alternative compounds have emerged that could compete either for a more practical and accessible synthesis or for greater control of steric and electronic properties. Guanidines, nitrogen-rich compounds, appear as one such potential alternatives as ligands or proligands. In addition to occurring in a plethora of natural compounds, and thus in compounds of pharmacological use, guanidines allow a wide variety of coordination modes to different metal centers along the periodic table, with their monoanionic chelate derivatives being the most common. In this review, we focused on the organometallic chemistry of guanidinato compounds, discussing selected examples of coordination modes, reactivity and uses in catalysis or materials science. We believe that these amazing ligands offer a new promise in Organometallic Chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica—Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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4
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Ganesh Patro A, Nembenna S. Aluminum-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Carbonyls and Dehydrocoupling of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines, Thiol, Selenol, Silanols with HBpin. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Sarkar N, Sahoo RK, Mukhopadhyay S, Nembenna S. Organoaluminum Cation Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls, Alkenes, and Alkyne. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sayantan Mukhopadhyay
- National Institute of Science Education and Research School of Chemical Sciences SCS NISERbhubaneswar 752050 bhubaneswar INDIA
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) School of Chemical Sciences Jatni CampusNISER, BhubaneswarINDIA 752050 Bhubaneswar INDIA
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6
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Aluminum(III) di- and monochlorides incorporating an N,N'-chelating iminophosphonamide ligand: synthesis and structures. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Rios Yepes Y, Mesías-Salazar Á, Becerra A, Daniliuc CG, Ramos A, Fernández-Galán R, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Rojas RS. Mono- and Dinuclear Asymmetric Aluminum Guanidinates for the Catalytic CO2 Fixation into Cyclic Carbonates. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yersica Rios Yepes
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Ángela Mesías-Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Alexandra Becerra
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Galán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - René S. Rojas
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago-22 6094411, Chile
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8
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Moon HW, Maity A, Radosevich AT. Ancillary Tethering Influences σ3-P vs σ5-P Speciation and Enables Intermolecular S–H Oxidative Addition to Nontrigonal Phosphorus Compounds. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ayan Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alexander T. Radosevich
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Huergo E, Fernández-Galán R, Ramos A, Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Rodríguez-Diéguez A, García-Vivó D. Reactivity of N-Phosphinoguanidines of the Formula (HNR)(Ph 2PNR)C(NAr) toward Main Group Metal Alkyls: Facile Ligand Rearrangement from N-Phosphinoguanidinates to Phosphinimine-Amidinates. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15262-15275. [PMID: 33002356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the reactivity of N-phosphinoguanidines of the formula (HNR)(Ph2PNR)C(NAr) (R = iPr and Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3 [Dipp] for 1a, R = iPr and Ar = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2 [Mes] for 1b, and R = Cy and Ar = Dipp for 1c), prepared in high yields from the corresponding trisubstituted guanidines, toward main group metal alkyls AlMe3, ZnEt2, MgnBu2, and nBuLi to obtain novel phosphinoguanidinato and phosphinimine-amidinato compounds. Reactions of 1a-c with AlMe3 at room temperature led to the kinetic phosphinoguanidinato products [Al{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NAr)(NRPPh2)}Me2] (2a-c), whereas the mild heating (60-80 °C) of solutions of 2a-c give the thermodynamic phosphinimine-amidinato products [Al{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NAr)(PPh2NR)}Me2] (3a-c) after ligand rearrangement. The reactions of equimolar amounts of 1a-c and ZnEt2 initially give solutions containing unstable phosphinoguanidinato compounds [Zn{κ2-N,P-(NR)C(NAr)(NRPPh2)}Et] (4a-c), which rearrange upon mild heating to the phosphinimine-amidinato derivatives [Zn{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NAr)(PPh2NR)}Et] (6a-c). Bis(phosphinoguanidinato) compounds [Zn{κ2-N,P-(NR)C(NAr)(NRPPh2)}2] (5a-c) can be obtained under mild conditions (<45 °C) in THF, whereas bis(phosphinimine-amidinato) compounds [Zn{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NAr)(PPh2NR)}2] (7a-c) are also accessible under more forcing conditions (55-100 °C) from (i) ZnEt2 and 1b,c (2 equiv), (ii) 6a and 1a, or (iii) 5b,c. Equimolar mixtures of MgnBu2 and 1a-c in THF at room temperature give unstable phosphinimine-amidinato monoalkyl products [Mg{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NAr)(PPh2NR)}nBu(THF)2] (8a-c), whereas 2 equiv of 1a,b are required to reach the bischelate compounds [Mg{κ2-N,N'-(NiPr)C(NAr)(PPh2NiPr)}2] (9a,b). Finally, phosphinoguanidinato compounds [Li{κ2-N,P-(NR)C(NDipp)(NRPPh2)}(THF)2] (10a,c) were obtained in the reactions of 1a,c with nBuLi in THF under ambient conditions. The removal of the solvent from solutions of 10a,c under partial vacuum leads to the dinuclear compounds [Li2{μ-κ2-N,N':κ1-N-(NR)C(NDipp)(NRPPh2)}2(THF)2] (11a,c) after the decoordination of one of the THF molecules in 10a,c and dimerization. Heating solutions of 10a,c at 60 °C triggers ligand rearrangement to give phosphinimine-amidinato compounds [Li{κ2-N,N'-(NR)C(NDipp)(PPh2NR)}(THF)2] (12a,c). We also propose a mechanism for the ligand rearrangement reaction from 10a to give 12a, supported by DFT calculations, which fits nicely with our experimental results. It essentially involves a carbodiimide deinsertion reaction followed by a [3 + 2] cycloaddition between the resulting lithium phosphino-amide and the carbodiimide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Huergo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernández-Galán
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquı́mica-Centro de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Diéguez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de la Fuente Nueva S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
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10
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Li Z, Yang S, Thiery G, Gandon V, Bour C. On the Superior Activity of In(I) versus In(III) Cations Toward ortho-C-Alkylation of Anilines and Intramolecular Hydroamination of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12947-12959. [PMID: 32957782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient ortho-C-alkylation of unprotected anilines with a variety of styrenes and alkenes using a univalent cationic indium(I) catalyst is reported. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction likely proceeds via a tandem hydroamination/Hofmann-Martius rearrangement. The high compatibility between the cationic indium(I) complex and primary anilines led us to develop an In(I)+-catalyzed hydroamination of alkenes using unprotected primary and secondary alkenylamines. Computations support the catalytic activity of naked In(I)+ ions, with an outer sphere mechanism for the C-N bond formation and a potentially inner sphere protodemetallation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Li
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay cedex 91405, France
| | - Shengwen Yang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay cedex 91405, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau, Paris cedex 91128, France
| | - Guillaume Thiery
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay cedex 91405, France
| | - Vincent Gandon
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay cedex 91405, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire (LCM), CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, route de Saclay, Palaiseau, Paris cedex 91128, France
| | - Christophe Bour
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS UMR 8182, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, Orsay cedex 91405, France
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11
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Peddarao T, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Mono- and Bimetallic Aluminum Alkyl, Alkoxide, Halide and Hydride Complexes of a Bulky Conjugated Bis-Guanidinate(CBG) Ligand and Aluminum Alkyls as Precatalysts for Carbonyl Hydroboration. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4693-4702. [PMID: 32157882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-aryl-substituted symmetrical conjugated bis-guanidine (CBG) ligands such as L1-3 (3H) [L(3H) = {(ArHN)(ArHN)C═N-C═NAr(NHAr)}; Ar = 2,6-Me2-C6H3 (L1(3H)), 2,6-Et2-C6H3 (L2(3H)), and 2,6-iPr2-C6H3 (L3(3H))] have been employed to synthesize a series of four- and six-membered aluminum heterocycles (1-8) for the first time. Generally, aluminum complexes bearing N,N'- chelated guanidinate and β-diketiminate/dipyrromethene ligand systems form four- and six-membered heterocycles, respectively. However, the conjugated bis-guanidine ligand has the capability of forming both four- and six-membered heterocycles possessing multimetal centers within the same molecule; this is due to the presence of three acidic protons, which can be easily deprotonated (at least two protons) upon treatment with metal reagents. Both mono- and dinuclear aluminum alkyls and mononuclear aluminum alkoxide, halide, and hydride complexes have been structurally characterized. Further, we have demonstrated the potential of mononuclear, six-membered CBG aluminum dialkyls in catalytic hydroboration of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Peddarao
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
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12
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Kretsch J, Herbst-Irmer R, Stalke D. Aluminum(III) Halide Complexes based on a Bis-(benzoxazol-2-yl)methane Ligand. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kretsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Regine Herbst-Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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13
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Dagorne S, Wehmschulte R. Recent Developments on the Use of Group 13 Metal Complexes in Catalysis. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Dagorne
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS; 1 rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Rudolf Wehmschulte
- Department of Chemistry; Florida Institute of Technology; 150 West University Boulevard Melbourne FL 32901 USA
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14
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Chen J, Goforth SK, McKeown BA, Gunnoe TB. Brønsted acid-catalysed intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes: metal triflates as an in situ source of triflic acid. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:2884-2891. [PMID: 28194456 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04710f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydroamination of alkenes or alkynes is one of the most straightforward methods to form C-N bonds and nitrogen-containing heterocycles. A simple Lewis acid Al(OTf)3 was found to be an effective precatalyst for the hydroamination of unactivated primary and secondary alkenylamines between 110 and 150 °C. Subsequent studies show that other metal triflates are also effective precatalysts for the hydroamination reactions. For metal triflate salts, mechanistic studies, including kinetics, are consistent with the in situ generation of triflic acid, which likely serves as the active catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Sarah K Goforth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - Bradley A McKeown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
| | - T Brent Gunnoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgii I. Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812
Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
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16
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Han H, Guo Z, Zhang S, Hua Y, Wei X. Synthesis and crystal structures of guanidinatoaluminum complexes and catalytic study for MPV reduction. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Bhattacharjee J, Das S, Kottalanka RK, Panda TK. Hydroamination of carbodiimides, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates by a bis(phosphinoselenoic amide) supported titanium(iv) complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17824-17832. [PMID: 27774537 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The hydroamination of heterocumulenes such as carbodiimides, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates by a bis(phosphinoselenoic amide) supported titanium(iv) complex as a precatalyst is reported here. The titanium(iv) complex [{Ph2P(Se)NCH2CH2NPPh2(Se)}Ti(NMe2)2] (1) was synthesised by the reaction of tetrakis-(dimethylamido)titanium(iv) [Ti(NMe2)4] with [{Ph2P(Se)NHCH2CH2NHPPh2(Se)}] in toluene at ambient temperature. Titanium complex 1 proved to be a competent pre-catalyst for the addition of an amine N-H bond to carbodiimides, isocyanates, and isothiocyanates. The reaction scope was expanded to reactions of aliphatic and aromatic amines with phenylisocyanates and phenylisothiocyanates in toluene solvents proceeding rapidly at room temperature with 5 mol% catalyst loadings to yield the corresponding urea and thio-urea derivatives up to 99%. However, ambient temperature was needed for hydroamination of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The amine addition reactions with isocyanates showed first order kinetics with respect to catalyst 1 as well as substrates. The most plausible mechanism for the hydroamination reaction was established by isolating 1,1-dimethylphenyl urea as a side product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502285, Telangana, India.
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18
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Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Fernández-Galán R, Montero-Rama MP, Ramos A, Villaseñor E, Rojas RS, Rodríguez-Diéguez A. Dialkylboron guanidinates: syntheses, structures and carbodiimide de-insertion reactions. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15350-15363. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solutions of some of the title compounds reached an equilibrium with the aminoboranes and the corresponding carbodiimides at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Antiñolo
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - Rafael Fernández-Galán
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - María Pilar Montero-Rama
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - Elena Villaseñor
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Orgánica y Bioquímica
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
| | - Rene S. Rojas
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
- Facultad de Química
- Santiago de Chile
- Chile
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19
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Han HF, Guo ZQ, Zhang SF, Li J, Wei XH. Guanidinatoaluminum complexes: synthesis, crystal structures and reactivities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reactivities of the mononuclear guanidinatoaluminum complexes with O2, carbodiimide or H2O were studied for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fei Han
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Zhi-Qiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
| | - Shao-Feng Zhang
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Wei
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
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20
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Han HF, Zhang SF, Guo ZQ, Tong HB, Wei XH. Three asymmetric guanidinato metal complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures and their use as pre-catalysts in the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley reduction. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Tobisch S. Aluminium-catalysed intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes: computational perusal of alternative pathways for aminoalkene activation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12169-79. [PMID: 25801632 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00121h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive computational examination of alternatively plausible mechanistic pathways for the intramolecular hydroamination (HA) of aminoalkenes utilising a recently reported novel phenylene-diamine aluminium amido compound is presented. On the one hand, a proton-assisted concerted N-C/C-H bond-forming pathway to afford the cycloamine in a single step can be invoked, and, on the other, a stepwise σ-insertive pathway that involves a relatively fast, reversible migratory olefin 1,2-insertion step linked to a less rapid, irreversible Al-C alkyl bond protonolysis. The present study, which employs a sophisticated and reliable computational methodology, supports the prevailing mechanism to be a stepwise σ-insertive pathway. The predicted effective barrier for turnover-limiting aminolysis compares favourably with reported catalytic performance data. Non-competitive kinetic demands militates against the operation of the concerted proton-assisted pathway, which describes N-C bond-forming ring closure triggered by concomitant amino proton delivery at the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C linkage evolving through a six-centre transition state structure. The valuable insights into mechanistic intricacies of aluminium-mediated intramolecular HA reported herein will help guide the rational design of group 13 metal-based HA catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, UK KY16 9ST.
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22
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Wei Y, Wang S, Zhou S, Feng Z, Guo L, Zhu X, Mu X, Yao F. Aluminum Alkyl Complexes Supported by Bidentate N,N Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity for Guanylation of Amines. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Feng
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Guo
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangshi Yao
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory
of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, People’s Republic of China
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23
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Tobisch S. Computational Mechanistic Elucidation of the Intramolecular Aminoalkene Hydroamination Catalysed by Iminoanilide Alkaline-Earth Compounds. Chemistry 2015; 21:6765-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Henschke JP, Wu PY, Lin CW, Chen SF, Chiang PC, Hsiao CN. β-Selective C-Arylation of Silyl Protected 1,6-Anhydroglucose with Arylalanes: The Synthesis of SGLT2 Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2015; 80:2295-309. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502839e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian P. Henschke
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Wu
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Lin
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Feng Chen
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Chiang
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Nung Hsiao
- Department of Exploratory Research, §Department of Analytical Research and Development, ScinoPharm Taiwan, No. 1, NanKe 8th Road, Tainan Science-Based Industrial Park, ShanHua, Tainan, 74144, Taiwan
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25
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Feng Z, Wei Y, Zhou S, Zhang G, Zhu X, Guo L, Wang S, Mu X. Reactivity of functionalized indoles with rare-earth metal amides. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of rare-earth metal complexes incorporating indolyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20502-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The synthesized rare-earth metal amido complexes displayed different catalytic activity for intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Feng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Guangchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Liping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
| | - Xiaolong Mu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
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26
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Gossage RA. Pincer Complexes of Lithium, Sodium, Magnesium and Related Metals: A Discussion of Solution and Solid-State Aggregated Structure and Reactivity. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2015_119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Yeagle KP, Hester D, Piro NA, Dougherty WG, Kassel WS, Graves CR. Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of a Series of Aluminium–Amidate Complexes. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aluminium complexes {[κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]AlMe2}2 (2), [κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]2AlMe (3), and [κ2-N,O-(t-BuNCOPh)]3Al (4) were prepared through the protonolysis reaction between trimethylaluminium and one, two, or three equivalents, respectively, of N-tert-butylbenzamide. Complex 2 was also prepared via a salt metathesis reaction between K(t-BuNCOPh) and dimethylaluminium chloride. Complexes 2–4 were characterized using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the complexes corroborated ligand : metal stoichiometries and revealed that all the amidate ligands coordinate to the aluminium ion in a κ2 fashion. The Al–amidate complexes 2–4 were viable catalyst precursors for the Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley–Oppenauer reduction–oxidation manifold, successfully interconverting several classes of carbonyl and alcohol substrates.
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28
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Nako AE, Gates SJ, Schädel N, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Yttrium-catalysed dehydrocoupling of alanes with amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:9536-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc04484c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Ghorai PK, Mandal SK. Organozinc Catalyst on a Phenalenyl Scaffold for Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkenes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400906u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal K. Sen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradip Kr. Ghorai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Swadhin K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur 741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India
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30
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The non-innocent phenalenyl unit: an electronic nest to modulate the catalytic activity in hydroamination reaction. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2821. [PMID: 24084653 PMCID: PMC3788371 DOI: 10.1038/srep02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenalenyl unit has played intriguing role in different fields of research spanning from chemistry, material chemistry to device physics acting as key electronic reservoir which has not only led to the best organic single component conductor but also created the spin memory device of next generation. Now we show the non-innocent behaviour of phenalenyl unit in modulating the catalytic behaviour in a homogeneous organic transformation. The present study establishes that the cationic state of phenalenyl unit can act as an organic Lewis acceptor unit to influence the catalytic outcome of intermolecular hydroamination reaction of carbodiimides. For the present study, we utilized organoaluminum complexes of phenalenyl ligands in which the phenalenyl unit maintains the closed shell electronic state. The DFT calculation reveals that the energy of LUMO of the catalyst is mainly controlled by phenalenyl ligands which in turn determines the outcome of the catalysis.
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31
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Zhang J, Hao Z, Gao W, Xin L, Zhang L, Mu Y. Y, Lu, and Gd Complexes of NCO/NCS Pincer Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalysis in thecis-1,4-Selective Polymerization of Isoprene. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:2079-87. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201300581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Edelmann FT. Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Metal Amidinates and Guanidinates. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407692-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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33
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Zhang J, Yi W, Chen Z, Zhou X. Room temperature C–N bond cleavage of anionic guanidinate ligand in rare-earth metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:5826-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Mandal SK, Maity B, Koley D. Construction of oxygen-bridged multimetallic assembly: dual catalysts for hydroamination reactions. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Lühl A, Hartenstein L, Blechert S, Roesky PW. Comparison of Decamethyldizincocene [(η5-Cp*)2Zn2] versus Decamethylzincocene [Cp*2Zn] and Diethylzinc Et2Zn As Precatalysts for the Intermolecular Hydroamination Reaction. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300649q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lühl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Larissa Hartenstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Siegfried Blechert
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des
17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße
15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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36
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Li L, Huang G, Chen Z, Liu W, Wang X, Chen Y, Yang L, Li W, Li Y. Gallium Trichloride Catalyzed Hydroamination of Alkynes: Scope, Limitation, and Mechanistic Studies by DFT. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Mukherjee A, Sen TK, Ghorai PK, Samuel PP, Schulzke C, Mandal SK. Phenalenyl-based organozinc catalysts for intramolecular hydroamination reactions: a combined catalytic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation of the catalytic cycle. Chemistry 2012; 18:10530-45. [PMID: 22807308 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two organozinc complexes that contain symmetrical phenalenyl (PLY)-based N,N-ligands. The reactions of phenalenyl-based ligands with ZnMe(2) led to the formation of organozinc complexes [N(Me),N(Me)-PLY]ZnMe (1) and [N(iPr),N(iPr)-PLY]ZnMe (2) under the evolution of methane. Both complexes (1 and 2) were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid-state structures of complexes 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 were used as catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated primary and secondary aminoalkenes. A combined approach of NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations was utilized to obtain better insight into the mechanistic features of the zinc-catalyzed hydroamination reactions. The progress of the catalysis for primary and secondary aminoalkene substrates with catalyst 2 was investigated by detailed kinetic studies, including kinetic isotope effect measurements. These results suggested pseudo-first-order kinetics for both primary and secondary aminoalkene activation processes. Eyring and Arrhenius analyses for the cyclization of a model secondary aminoalkene substrate afforded ΔH(≠) =11.3 kcal mol(-1) , ΔS(≠) =-35.75 cal K(-1) mol(-1) , and E(a) =11.68 kcal mol(-1) . Complex 2 exhibited much-higher catalytic activity than complex 1 under identical reaction conditions. The in situ NMR experiments supported the formation of a catalytically active zinc cation and the DFT calculations showed that more active catalyst 2 generated a more stable cation. The stability of the catalytically active zinc cation was further supported by an in situ recycling procedure, thereby confirming the retention of catalytic activity of compound 2 for successive catalytic cycles. The DFT calculations showed that the preferred pathway for the zinc-catalyzed hydroamination reactions is alkene activation rather than the alternative amine-activation pathway. A detailed investigation with DFT methods emphasized that the remarkably higher catalytic efficiency of catalyst 2 originated from its superior stability and the facile formation of its cation compared to that derived from catalyst 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Mukherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata, Mohanpur-741252, India
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38
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Hild F, Dagorne S. A Discrete N,O,N-Supported Gallium Amido Complex for the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Terminal Alkynes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2012584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Hild
- Laboratoire DECOMET, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Samuel Dagorne
- Laboratoire DECOMET, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (CNRS-Université de Strasbourg), 1 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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39
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Brinkmann C, Barrett AGM, Hill MS, Procopiou PA. Heavier Alkaline Earth Catalysts for the Intermolecular Hydroamination of Vinylarenes, Dienes, and Alkynes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:2193-207. [DOI: 10.1021/ja209135t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brinkmann
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington,
London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington,
London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton
Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Panayiotis A. Procopiou
- GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Center, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire
SG1 2NY, U.K
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40
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Khandelwal M, Wehmschulte RJ. Cationic organoaluminum compounds as intramolecular hydroamination catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Reznichenko AL, Hultzsch KC. Early Transition Metal (Group 3–5, Lanthanides and Actinides) and Main Group Metal (Group 1, 2, and 13) Catalyzed Hydroamination. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2011_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jenter J, Köppe R, Roesky PW. 2,5-Bis{N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)iminomethyl}pyrrolyl Complexes of the Heavy Alkaline Earth Metals: Synthesis, Structures, and Hydroamination Catalysis. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100937c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jenter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Majumder P, Baksi S, Halder S, Tadesse H, Blake AJ, Drew MGB, Bhattacharya S. Formation of organorhodium complexes via C–H bond activation of 1,3-di(phenylazo)benzene. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5423-5. [PMID: 21503361 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10247h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Koller J, Bergman RG. Highly Efficient Aluminum-Catalyzed Hydro-amination/-hydrazination of Carbodiimides. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100735q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Koller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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