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Evans MJ, Burke FM, Chapple PM, Fulton JR. Synthesis and Reactivity of Acyclic Germanimines: Silyl Rearrangement and Cycloadditions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8293-8303. [PMID: 33988988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of aromatic germanimines [(HMDS)2Ge═NAr] (Ar = Ph, Mes, Dipp; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) and an investigation into their associated reactivity. [(HMDS)2Ge═NPh] decomposes above -30 °C, while [(HMDS)2Ge═NDipp] engages in an intramolecular reaction at 60 °C. [(HMDS)2Ge═NMes] was shown to rearrange via a 1,3-silyl migration to give [(HMDS){(SiMe3)(Mes)N}Ge(NSiMe3)] in a 1:7 equilibrium mixture at room temperature. These latter germanimines react with unsaturated polar substrates such as CO2, ketones, and arylisocyanate via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Finlay M Burke
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Peter M Chapple
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - J Robin Fulton
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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Evans MJ, Anker MD, Mouchfiq A, Lein M, Fulton JR. The “Metallo”‐Diels–Alder Reactions: Examining the Metalloid Behavior of Germanimines. Chemistry 2020; 26:2606-2609. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Evans
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Mathew D. Anker
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Ahmed Mouchfiq
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - Matthias Lein
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
| | - J. Robin Fulton
- School of Chemical and Physical SciencesVictoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600 Wellington 6012 New Zealand
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Hayatifar A, Shumaker FA, Komanduri SP, Hallenbeck SA, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Synthesis of the Elusive Branched Fluoro-oligogermane (Ph3Ge)3GeF: A Structural, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Computational Study. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Hayatifar
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - F. Alexander Shumaker
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sangeetha P. Komanduri
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sydney A. Hallenbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Charles S. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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Milnes KK, Pavelka LC, Baines KM. Cycloaddition of carbonyl compounds and alkynes to (di)silenes and (di)germenes: reactivity and mechanism. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:1019-35. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cycloaddition reactions of carbonyl compounds and alkynes to (di)tetrelenes appear to follow Woodward–Hoffman rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaarina K. Milnes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Laura C. Pavelka
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada N6A 5B7
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Hardwick JA, Baines KM. The Addition of Nitriles to a Molecular Digermene: Reversible Addition and Comparison to Surface Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hardwick JA, Baines KM. The Addition of Nitriles to a Molecular Digermene: Reversible Addition and Comparison to Surface Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6600-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pavelka LC, Hanson MA, Staroverov VN, Baines KM. Mechanism of the addition of alkynes to silenes and germenes: A density functional study. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and the coupled cluster method have been used to study the mechanism of the cycloaddition of acetylene to silene, H2Si=CH2, and germene, H2Ge=CH2, at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and CCSD/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. Diradical, zwitterionic, and concerted pathways were located for both metallenes. The computational results were compared to experimental data to propose the most likely reaction pathway for each metallene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Pavelka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Viktor N. Staroverov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Kozioł A, Jerzykiewicz LB, Justyniak I, Lis T, Pasynkiewicz S, Pietrzykowski A. New ionic fluorenylnickel complexes: Synthesis and solid state structure. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tashkandi NY, Pavelka LC, Hanson MA, Baines KM. The addition of terminal alkynes to dimesitylfluorenylidenegermane. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A variety of terminal alkynes were added to dimesitylfluorenylidenegermane, Mes2Ge=CR2 (where CR2 = fluorenylidene). The addition of phenylacetylene and 1-hexyne to Mes2Ge=CR2 gave a germacyclohexene via a cycloaddition where the germene acts as the 4π component and the alkyne as the 2π component. Through the use of a mechanistic probe, trans-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)-acetylene, the reaction was postulated to proceed through a concerted [2+4] cycloaddition. The addition of ethoxyacetylene to the germene produced both a [2+2] cycloadduct, a germacyclobutene, and a [2+4] cycloadduct, a germacyclohexene. The results of this study are compared to the results of the addition of alkynes to Mes2Ge=CHCH2-t-Bu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Y. Tashkandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Laura C. Pavelka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Margaret A. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Kim M. Baines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhou J, Hall MB. The mechanism of addition of aldehydes to germene in different solvents: A DFT study. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pavelka LC, Baines KM. Facile synthesis of luminescent benzo-1,2-dihydrophosphinines from a phosphaalkene. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:3294-301. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt11690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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