1
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Ranieri D, Privitera A, Santanni F, Urbanska K, Strachan GJ, Twamley B, Salvadori E, Liao YK, Chiesa M, Senge MO, Totti F, Sorace L, Sessoli R. A Heterometallic Porphyrin Dimer as a Potential Quantum Gate: Magneto-Structural Correlations and Spin Coherence Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312936. [PMID: 37812016 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In the development of two-qubit quantum gates, precise control over the intramolecular spin-spin interaction between molecular spin units plays a pivotal role. A weak but measurable exchange coupling is especially important for achieving selective spin addressability that allows controlled manipulation of the computational basis states |00⟩ |01⟩ |10⟩ |11⟩ by microwave pulses. Here, we report the synthesis and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study of a heterometallic meso-meso (m-m) singly-linked VIV O-CuII porphyrin dimer. X-band continuous wave EPR measurements in frozen solutions suggest a ferromagnetic exchange coupling of ca. 8 ⋅ 10-3 cm-1 . This estimation is supported by Density Functional Theory calculations, which also allow disentangling the ferro- and antiferromagnetic contributions to the exchange. Pulsed EPR experiments show that the dimer maintains relaxation times similar to the monometallic CuII porphyrins. The addressability of the two individual spins is made possible by the different g-tensors of VIV and CuII -ions, in contrast to homometallic dimers where tilting of the porphyrin planes plays a key role. Therefore, single-spin addressability in the heterometallic dimer can be maintained even with small tilting angles, as expected when deposited on surface, unlocking the full potential of molecular quantum gates for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ranieri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alberto Privitera
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via Santa Marta 3, 50139, Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabio Santanni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Karolina Urbanska
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grant J Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Enrico Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Yu-Kai Liao
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Chiesa
- Department of Chemistry and NIS, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, D02R590, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Technical University of Munich, Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nano-systems, Lichtenberg-Str.2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Federico Totti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" & INSTM RU, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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2
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Hsu CY, Zheng CJ, Wu YY, Fan WH, Lin CH. Exploring the Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of 10,11-Epoxy-Dibenzo[ a, d]cycloheptan-5-ol as the Synthetic Modules toward Polycyclic Aromatic Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:21505-21527. [PMID: 35785270 PMCID: PMC9244947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) offers exciting opportunities for their applications. Yet, selective synthesis of such conjugated networks poses a formidable challenge. Compared to the prominence of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling and oxidative Scholl reactions, cationic rearrangement in the synthesis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon is an underexplored subject. In this study, we reveal that cationic intermediate generated from epoxy dibenzocycloheptanol can be transformed into acenes, azulene-embedded PAHs, and dibenzocycloheptanone derivatives. Reactive patterns, including Meinwald rearrangement, Nazarov cyclization, transannular aryl migration, and transannular Friedel-Crafts cyclization were identified. Both substrate structures and reaction temperature affect the reaction pathways in predictable and manageable manners. A mechanistic scheme was postulated as the working model to guide the reactivity for further application. Substrates containing heterocyclic and ferrocenyl groups exhibit similar reactivity profiles. The inquiry culminates in the selective synthesis of 5, 7, 12, 14-tetrasubstituted C 2h and C 2v pentacene derivatives. Our results demonstrate that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be selectively prepared with this cation-initiated strategy by methodically tuning the reactivity.
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Schrage BR, Ermilov E, Nemykin VN. Transient Absorption Spectra of Metal‐Free and Transition‐Metal 5,10,15,20‐Tetraferrocene Porphyrins: Influence of the Central Metal Ion, Solvent Polarity, and the Axial Ferrocene Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Briana R. Schrage
- University of Tennessee System: The University of Tennessee System Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Victor N. Nemykin
- University of Tennessee System: The University of Tennessee System Department of Chemistry 1420 Circle Drive 37996 Knoxville UNITED STATES
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4
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Vecchi A, Sabin JR, Sabuzi F, Conte V, Cicero DO, Floris B, Galloni P, Nemykin VN. Similar, Yet Different: Long-Range Metal-Metal Coupling and Electron-Transfer Processes in Metal-Free 5,10,15,20-Tetra(ruthenocenyl)porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:8227-8241. [PMID: 34033715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure, redox properties, and long-range metal-metal coupling in metal-free 5,10,15,20-tetra(ruthenocenyl)porphyrin (H2TRcP) were probed by spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, CV, and differential pulse voltammetry, DPV), spectroelectrochemical, and chemical oxidation methods, as well as theoretical (density functional theory, DFT, and time-dependent DFT, TDDFT) approaches. It was demonstrated that the spectroscopic properties of H2TRcP are significantly different from those in H2TFcP (metal-free 5,10,15,20-tetra(ferrocenyl)porphyrin). Ruthenocenyl fragments in H2TRcP have higher oxidation potentials than the ferrocene groups in the H2TFcP complex. Similar to H2TFcP, we were able to access and spectroscopically characterize the one- and two-electron oxidized mixed-valence states in the H2TRcP system. DFT predicts that the porphyrin π-system stabilizes the [H2TRcP]+ mixed-valence cation and prevents its dimerization, which is characteristic for ruthenocenyl systems. However, formation of the mixed-valence [H2TRcP]2+ is significantly less reproducible than the formation of [H2TRcP]+. DFT and TDDFT calculations suggest the ruthenocenyl fragment dominance in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy region and the presence of the low-energy MLCT (Rc → porphyrin (π*)) transitions in the visible region with energies higher than the predominantly porphyrin-centered Q-bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vecchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Jared R Sabin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Federica Sabuzi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Valeria Conte
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Barbara Floris
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 0133, Italy
| | - Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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5
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Hayashi S, Takanami T, Yamazaki D. Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Borylporphyrins Using an in situ-Generated CF3 Radical from NaSO2CF3 and tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-s(k)18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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6
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Erb W, Krishna PR, Kadari L, Roisnel T, Mongin F. Remote Deprotometalation-Iodolysis of N,N-Diisopropyl-2-trimethylsilylferrocenecarboxamide: A New Route Toward 1,1′-Disubstituted Ferrocenes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The 1,1′-disubstitution is currently the most frequent substitution pattern encountered in the ferrocene series. Here an original access based on the remote deprotometalation of N,N-diisopropyl-2-trimethylsilylferrocenecarboxamide is reported. The key intermediate, 1′-iodo-N,N-diisopropylferrocenecarboxamide, was prepared in multiple grams and was further functionalized toward fifteen 1′-substituted iodoferrocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226
| | | | - Lingaswamy Kadari
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226
| | - Florence Mongin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226
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7
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Molnar E, Gal E, Gaina L, Cristea C, Fischer-Fodor E, Perde-Schrepler M, Achimas-Cadariu P, Focsan M, Silaghi-Dumitrescu L. Novel Phenothiazine-Bridged Porphyrin-(Hetero)aryl dyads: Synthesis, Optical Properties, In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Staining of Human Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093178. [PMID: 32365924 PMCID: PMC7246510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the synthetic procedure applied for the preparation of new AB3-type and trans-A2B2 type meso-halogenophenothiazinyl-phenyl-porphyrin derivatives, their metal core complexation and their peripheral modification using Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions with various (hetero)aryl (phenothiazinyl, 7-formyl-phenothiazinyl, (9-carbazolyl)-phenyl and 4-formyl-phenyl, phenyl) boronic acid derivatives. The meso-phenothiazinyl-phenyl-porphyrin (MPP) dyes family was thus extended by a series of novel phenothiazine-bridged porphyrin-(hetero)aryl dyads characterized by UV-Vis absorption/emission properties typical to the porphyrin chromophore, slightly modulated by increasing the size of peripheral substituents. Three phenothiazine-bridged porphyrin-heteroaryl dyads with fluorescence emission above 655 nm were selected as fluorophores in red spectral region for applications in cellular staining of human ovarian tumors. In vitro experiments of cell metabolic activity displayed a moderate toxicity on human ovarian tumor cell lines (OVCAR-3, cisplatin-sensitive A2780 and cisplatin-resistant A2780cis respectively). Visualization of the stained living cells was performed both by fluorescence microscopy imaging and by fluorescence lifetime imaging under two photon excitation (TPE-FLIM), confirming their cellular uptake and the capability of staining the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Molnar
- The Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (E.G.); (L.G.); (L.S.-D.)
| | - Emese Gal
- The Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (E.G.); (L.G.); (L.S.-D.)
| | - Luiza Gaina
- The Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (E.G.); (L.G.); (L.S.-D.)
| | - Castelia Cristea
- The Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (E.G.); (L.G.); (L.S.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-593833
| | - Eva Fischer-Fodor
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology “Prof.Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.F.-F.); (M.P.-S.)
- Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 8 Babes street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Perde-Schrepler
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Institute of Oncology “Prof.Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii street, RO-400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.F.-F.); (M.P.-S.)
| | - Patriciu Achimas-Cadariu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Oncology “Prof.Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, 34-36 Republicii street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery and Gynecological Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, 23 Marinescu street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Experimental Research in Bionanoscience, Nanobiophotonics Laboratory, Babeş-Bolyai University, 42 Laurian street, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Luminita Silaghi-Dumitrescu
- The Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos street, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (E.G.); (L.G.); (L.S.-D.)
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8
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Excited-state investigations of meso-mono-substituted-(amino-ferrocenyl)porphyrins: Experimental and theoretical approaches. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.112048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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O’Brien JM, Sitte E, Flanagan KJ, Kühner H, Hallen LJ, Gibbons D, Senge MO. Functionalization of Deutero- and Protoporphyrin IX Dimethyl Esters via Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6158-6173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. O’Brien
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Sitte
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hannes Kühner
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Lukas J. Hallen
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dáire Gibbons
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Grover N, Kumar R, Chaudhri N, Butcher R, Sankar M. β‐Heptasubstituted Porphyrins: Synthesis, Structural, Spectral, and Electrochemical Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee India
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee India
| | - Ray Butcher
- Department of Chemistry Howard University 20059 Washington, DC USA
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee 247667 Roorkee India
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11
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Lauck M, Förster C, Heinze K. N-Cobaltocenium Amide as Reactive Nucleophilic Reagent for Donor–Acceptor Bimetallocenes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Lauck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and
Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Grover N, Chaudhri N, Sankar M. Facile Conversion of Ni(II) Cyclopropylchlorins into Novel β-Substituted Porphyrins through Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:424-437. [PMID: 27991777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of cyclopropylchlorins into porphyrins represents a key step in the synthetic manipulation of macrocycles with tunable physical and chemical properties. Herein, we report a facile method for the synthesis of novel β-substituted porphyrins from cyclopropylchlorins. A series of Ni(II) cyclopropylchlorins was converted into the corresponding Ni(II) and free base porphyrins using TFA and H2SO4 under mild reaction conditions in good yields (75-86%). The new chlorins and porphyrins were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The reaction proceeds very fast (<5 min.) with complete conversion of chlorin into porphyrin with distinct color change. Facile conversion, shorter reaction time scale, and good yield (75-86%) without any side products are the significant features of this new protocol. These porphyrinoids exhibited red-shifted electronic spectral features with varying degrees nonplanar conformation, tunable redox properties, and porphyrin core basicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Grover
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247667, India
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13
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Sethi S, Das PK, Behera N. The chemistry of aminoferrocene, Fe{(η5-C5H4NH2)(η5-Cp)}: Synthesis, reactivity and applications. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Wilson LE, Hassenrück C, Winter RF, White AJP, Albrecht T, Long NJ. Functionalised Biferrocene Systems towards Molecular Electronics. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London UK
| | | | - Rainer F. Winter
- Fachbereich Chemie; Universität Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10 Konstanz Germany
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London UK
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; South Kensington London UK
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15
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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16
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Zatsikha YV, Didukh NO, Blesener T, Kayser MP, Kovtun YP, Blank DA, Nemykin VN. Preparation, Characterization, Redox, and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Properties of the NIR‐Absorbing
N
‐Ferrocenyl‐2‐pyridone BODIPYs. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
| | - Natalia O. Didukh
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Institute of Organic ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine5 Murmanska str.02660KyivUkraine
| | - Tanner Blesener
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
| | - Mathew P. Kayser
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic ChemistryNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine5 Murmanska str.02660KyivUkraine
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Minnesota207 Pleasant St. SE55455MinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota Duluth55812DuluthMinnesotaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ManitobaR3T 2N2WinnipegMBCanada
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17
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Sakai H, Ohkubo K, Fukuzumi S, Hasobe T. Photoinduced Processes of Supramolecular Nanoarrays Composed of Porphyrin and Benzo[ghi
]perylenetriimide Units through Triple Hydrogen Bonds with One-Dimensional Columnar Phases. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:613-24. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; ALCA and SENTAN Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Meijo University; Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; ALCA and SENTAN Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita; Osaka 565-0871 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science; Ewha Womans University; Seoul 120-750 Korea
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Meijo University; Nagoya, Aichi 468-0073 Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science and Technology; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522 Japan
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18
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Prasath R, Bhavana P. Electronic and conformational features of meso-5-aminothien-2-ylporphyrins and its ferrocene coupled dyad and triads. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Zatsikha YV, Maligaspe E, Purchel AA, Didukh NO, Wang Y, Kovtun YP, Blank DA, Nemykin VN. Tuning Electronic Structure, Redox, and Photophysical Properties in Asymmetric NIR-Absorbing Organometallic BODIPYs. Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy V. Zatsikha
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Strasse, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eranda Maligaspe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Anatolii A. Purchel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Natalia O. Didukh
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Strasse, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Strasse, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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20
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21
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22
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Zhou Y, Ngo KT, Zhang B, Feng Y, Rochford J. Synthesis, Electronic and Photophysical Characterization of π-Conjugated meso-Ferrocenyl-porphyrin Fluorescent Redox Switches. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhu Zhou
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey
Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Ken T. Ngo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey
Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Bao Zhang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yaqing Feng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey
Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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23
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Kumar R, Sankar M. Synthesis, Spectral, and Electrochemical Studies of Electronically Tunable β-Substituted Porphyrins with Mixed Substituent Pattern. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12706-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee - 247667, India
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24
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Vecchi A, Erickson NR, Sabin JR, Floris B, Conte V, Venanzi M, Galloni P, Nemykin VN. Electronic Properties of Mono-Substituted Tetraferrocenyl Porphyrins in Solution and on a Gold Surface: Assessment of the Influencing Factors for Photoelectrochemical Applications. Chemistry 2014; 21:269-79. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Sun B, Ou Z, Meng D, Fang Y, Song Y, Zhu W, Solntsev PV, Nemykin VN, Kadish KM. Electrochemistry and Catalytic Properties for Dioxygen Reduction Using Ferrocene-Substituted Cobalt Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:8600-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501210t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhongping Ou
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Deying Meng
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
| | - Weihua Zhu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Pavlo V. Solntsev
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812-2496, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812-2496, United States
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, United States
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26
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Melomedov J, Ochsmann JR, Meister M, Laquai F, Heinze K. Aminoferrocene and Ferrocene Amino Acid as Electron Donors in Modular Porphyrin-Ferrocene and Porphyrin-Ferrocene-Porphyrin Conjugates. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Fujimoto K, Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Efficient Synthesis and Versatile Reactivity of Porphyrinyl Grignard Reagents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Michalak J, Birin KP, Muniappan S, Ranyuk E, Enakieva YY, Gorbunova YG, Stern C, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Guilard R. Synthesis of porphyrin-bis(polyazamacrocycle) triads via Suzuki coupling reaction. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424614500084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction has been used for the synthesis of tricyclic architectures based on trans-A2B2-porphyrins and bisaminal-protected polyazamacrocycles which are linked directly or by a p-phenylene spacer. This modular approach allowed the synthesis of ligands with various substituted porphyrin macrocycles and bisaminal-protected tetraazamacrocycles possessing different cavity sizes. These molecules can be assembled into dimers using a DABCO linker. Deprotection of these compounds afforded porphyrin-bis(polyazamacrocycle) triads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Michalak
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Kiril P. Birin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sankar Muniappan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Elena Ranyuk
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yulia Yu. Enakieva
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christine Stern
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Roger Guilard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne (ICMUB, UMR 6302), 9 Avenue Alain Savary — BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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29
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Pomarico G, Vecchi A, Mandoj F, Bortolini O, Cicero DO, Galloni P, Paolesse R. The corrole and ferrocene marriage: 5,10,15-triferrocenylcorrolato Cu. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4076-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two synthetic routes have been defined for the preparation of a 5,10,15-triferrocenylcorrole Cu derivative and preliminary electronic properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Pomarico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mandoj
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche
- Università di Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daniel O. Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata
- 00133 Rome, Italy
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30
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Goetsch WR, Solntsev PV, Van Stappen C, Purchel AA, Dudkin SV, Nemykin VN. Electron-Transfer Processes in 3,4-Diferrocenylpyrroles: Insight into a Missing Piece of the Polyferrocenyl-Containing Pyrroles Family. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400901w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wil R. Goetsch
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Pavlo V. Solntsev
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Casey Van Stappen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Anatolii A. Purchel
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Semen V. Dudkin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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31
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Keshav K, Kumar D, Elias AJ. Synthesis, spectral, and structural studies of porphyrins having sterically hindered [η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4)] cobalt sandwich units at the meso positions. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:12351-66. [PMID: 24152207 DOI: 10.1021/ic401099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, spectral, and structural studies of the first examples of porphyrins substituted at the meso positions with sterically hindered η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) cobalt sandwich units are described. The novel dipyrromethane derived cobalt sandwich compound {η(5)-[(C4H4N)2CH]C5H4}Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) 1, as well as its parent aldehyde, η(5)-[C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4), were used in the synthesis of porphyrins having one or two η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) groups at their meso positions. 1,9-Diformyldipyrromethane derived η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) 2 was synthesized using dipyrromethane 1 under Vilsmeier conditions. A reaction of 2 with unsubstituted dipyrromethane under basic conditions in the presence of Pd(C6H5CN)2Cl2 yielded an A-type palladium coordinated porphyrin 3 [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4)]. A similar reaction of 2 with meso aryl and ferrocenyl-substituted dipyrromethanes yielded trans-AB type palladium coordinated porphyrins 4-6 [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = 4-tert-butylphenyl 4, ferrocenyl 5, and pentafluorophenyl 6]. Reactions of 2 with 5-ferrocenyl dipyrromethane under the same reaction conditions in the presence of Ni(acac)2 and Zn(OAc)2 gave the trimetallic nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexed trans-AB type porphyrins 7 and 8 having both cobalt and iron sandwich units at the meso positions. Crystal structure of the Pd(II) porphyrin 5 and nickel(II) porphyrin 7 showed nonplanar structures having distinct ruffle type distortion of the porphyrin ring. Demetalation of the zinc(II) trans-AB type porphyrin 8 in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gave the metal free base porphyrin 9. Reactions of the cobalt sandwich aldehyde [(η(5)-C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) with sterically hindered dipyrromethane derivatives under acid-catalyzed condensation reactions gave trans-A2B2 type porphyrins [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = pentafluorophenyl, 10 mesityl 11]. In contrast, reactions of [η(5)-C5H4(CHO)]Co(η(4)-C4Ph4) with sterically unhindered meso-4-tert-butylphenyl dipyrromethane resulted in both AB3 12 and cis-A2B2 13 type porphyrins [where A = η(5)-CpCo(η(4)-C4Ph4) and B = (4-tert-butylphenyl] as a result of scrambling. The new porphyrin derivatives have been structurally characterized, and their spectral and electrochemical features were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunesh Keshav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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32
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Dammer SJ, Solntsev PV, Sabin JR, Nemykin VN. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electron-Transfer Processes in Indium Ferrocenyl-Containing Porphyrins and Their Fullerene Adducts. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9496-510. [DOI: 10.1021/ic401163y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Dammer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive,
Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Pavlo V. Solntsev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive,
Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Jared R. Sabin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive,
Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive,
Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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33
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Inkpen MS, Du S, Driver M, Albrecht T, Long NJ. Oxidative purification of halogenated ferrocenes. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:2813-6. [PMID: 23232493 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32779a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the large scale syntheses and 'oxidative purification' of fcI(2), fcBr(2) and FcBr (fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl, Fc = ferrocenyl). These valuable starting materials are typically laborious to separate via conventional techniques, but can be readily isolated by taking advantage of their increased E(1/2) relative to FcH/FcX contaminants. Our work extends this methodology towards a generic tool for the separation of redox active mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Inkpen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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34
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Vecchi A, Galloni P, Floris B, Nemykin VN. New developments in chemistry of organometallic porphyrins and their analogs. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this mini-review, new developments in chemistry of organometallic porphyrins and their analogs reported between 2007 and mid 2012 have been discussed. Synthetic strategies for preparation, as well as properties of metallocenyl-type compounds in which organometallic substituents connected to the porphyrinoid via (i) axial coordination; (ii) covalent bond to meso- or β-pyrrolic position; or (iii) β,β′-fused into the aromatic system as well as porphyrinoids with organometallic fragments σ-bonded in η1-fashion were overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vecchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluca Galloni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Floris
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 1039 University Drive, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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35
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Takanami T. Functionalization of Porphyrins through C-C Bond Formation Reactions with Functional Group-Bearing Organometallic Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Osipova EY, Rodionov AN, Simenel AA, Belousov YA, Nikitin OM, Kachala VV. Application of reductive amination reaction for preparation of ferrocene-modified porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424612501246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrin-modified ferrocenes were synthesized via the reductive amination reaction of ferrocenylpyrazolecarboxaldehydes and tetraphenylporphyrinamine. The steric hindrance of ferrocene moiety was found to play the key role in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu. Osipova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey N. Rodionov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Simenel
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow State Mining University, 6 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yury A. Belousov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg M. Nikitin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, 28 Vavilov Str., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Dept. of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory ⅓, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim V. Kachala
- N.D. Zelynski Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, 47 Leninsky Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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