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Remya GS, Suresh CH. On the ineffectiveness of grubbs-type iron olefin metathesis catalysts: Role of spin-state isomerism and cyclopropanation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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2
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Suresh CH, Remya GS, Anjalikrishna PK. Molecular electrostatic potential analysis: A powerful tool to interpret and predict chemical reactivity. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Geetha S. Remya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
| | - Puthannur K. Anjalikrishna
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR‐National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram Kerala India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad India
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3
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Abstract
Ligands, especially phosphines and carbenes, can play a key role in modifying and controlling homogeneous organometallic catalysts, and they often provide a convenient approach to fine-tuning the performance of known catalysts. The measurable outcomes of such catalyst modifications (yields, rates, selectivity) can be set into context by establishing their relationship to steric and electronic descriptors of ligand properties, and such models can guide the discovery, optimization, and design of catalysts. In this review we present a survey of calculated ligand descriptors, with a particular focus on homogeneous organometallic catalysis. A range of different approaches to calculating steric and electronic parameters are set out and compared, and we have collected descriptors for a range of representative ligand sets, including 30 monodentate phosphorus(III) donor ligands, 23 bidentate P,P-donor ligands, and 30 carbenes, with a view to providing a useful resource for analysis to practitioners. In addition, several case studies of applications of such descriptors, covering both maps and models, have been reviewed, illustrating how descriptor-led studies of catalysis can inform experiments and highlighting good practice for model comparison and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Durand
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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4
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Grandner JM, Shao H, Grubbs RH, Liu P, Houk KN. Origins of the Stereoretentive Mechanism of Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Dithiolate Catalysts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10595-10600. [PMID: 28841319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive computational study of stereoretentive olefin metathesis with Ru-dithiolate catalysts has been performed. We have determined how the dithiolate ligand enforces a side-bound mechanism and how the side-bound mechanism allows for stereochemical control over the forming olefin. We have used density functional theory (DFT) and ligand steric contour maps to elucidate the origins of stereoretentive metathesis with the goal of understanding how to design a new class of E-selective metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Grandner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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5
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Lastovickova DN, Shao H, Lu G, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst That Exhibits Redox-Switchable Monomer Selectivities. Chemistry 2017; 23:5994-6000. [PMID: 27977049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyst supported by a redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and found to undergo reversible reduction. In its neutral form, the catalyst polymerized 1,5-cis,cis-cyclooctadiene at a higher rate than that of a norbornene derivative; however, upon reduction, the selectivity was found to reverse. Utilizing this oxidation state dependent selectivity, a series of copolymers with controlled compositions, microstructures, and physical properties were prepared by redox-switching the catalyst over the course of a series of polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika N Lastovickova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1590, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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Lastovickova DN, Teator AJ, Shao H, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A redox-switchable ring-closing metathesis catalyst. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A ring-closing metathesis catalyst was arrested upon reduction of a redox-active ligand; subsequent oxidation restored catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- 1 University Station
- Austin
- USA
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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7
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Anjali BA, Sayyed FB, Suresh CH. Correlation and Prediction of Redox Potentials of Hydrogen Evolution Mononuclear Cobalt Catalysts via Molecular Electrostatic Potential: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1112-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Amutha Anjali
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Fareed Bhasha Sayyed
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division and ‡Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695019, India
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8
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Mampa RM, Fernandes MA, Carlton L. Iron-57 NMR and Structural Study of [Fe(η5-Cp)(SnPh3)(CO)(PR3)] (PR3 = Phosphine, Phosphite). Separation of Steric and Electronic σ and π Effects. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4011593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M. Mampa
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
| | - Laurence Carlton
- Molecular
Science Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, Republic of South Africa
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9
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Torker S, Khan RKM, Hoveyda AH. The influence of anionic ligands on stereoisomerism of Ru carbenes and their importance to efficiency and selectivity of catalytic olefin metathesis reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3439-55. [PMID: 24533571 DOI: 10.1021/ja410606b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Investigations detailed herein provide insight regarding the mechanism of stereochemical inversion of stereogenic-at-Ru carbene complexes through a nonolefin metathesis-based polytopal rearrangement pathway. Computational analyses (DFT) reveal that there are two key factors that generate sufficient energy barriers that are responsible for the possibility of isolation and characterization of high-energy, but kinetically stable, intermediates: (1) donor-donor interactions that involve the anionic ligands and the strongly electron donating carbene groups and (2) dipolar effects arising from the syn relationship between the anionic groups (iodide and phenoxide). We demonstrate that a Brønsted acid lowers barriers to facilitate isomerization, and that the positive influence of a proton source is the result of its ability to diminish the repulsive electronic interactions originating from the anionic ligands. The implications of the present studies regarding a more sophisticated knowledge of the role of anionic units on the efficiency of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions are discussed. The electronic basis for the increased facility with which allylic alcohols participate in olefin metathesis processes will be presented as well. Finally, we illustrate how a better understanding of the role of anionic ligands has served as the basis for successful design of Ru-based Z-selective catalysts for alkene metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Torker
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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10
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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11
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Lesiuk M, Zachara J. Molecular electrostatic potential at the atomic sites in the effective core potential approximation. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:074107. [PMID: 23444997 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering calculations of the molecular electrostatic potential at the atomic sites (MEP@AS) in the presence of effective core potentials (ECP), we found that the consequent use of the definition of MEP@AS based on the energy derivative with respect to nuclear charge leads to a formula that differs by one term from the result of simple application of Coulomb's law. We have developed a general method to analytically treat derivatives of ECP with respect to nuclear charge. Benchmarking calculations performed on a set of simple molecules show that our formula leads to a systematic decrease in the error connected with the introduction of ECP when compared to all-electron results. Because of a straightforward implementation and relatively low costs of the developed procedure we suggest to use it by default.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Lesiuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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12
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Credendino R, Falivene L, Cavallo L. π-Face donation from the aromatic N-substituent of N-heterocyclic carbene ligands to metal and its role in catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8127-35. [PMID: 22524408 DOI: 10.1021/ja212133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we calculate the redox potential in a series of Ir and Ru complexes bearing a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand presenting different Y groups in the para position of the aromatic N-substituent. The calculated redox potentials excellently correlate with the experimental ΔE(1/2) potentials, offering a handle to rationalize the experimental findings. Analysis of the HOMO of the complexes before oxidation suggests that electron-donating Y groups destabilize the metal centered HOMO. Energy decomposition of the metal-NHC interaction indicates that electron-donating Y groups reinforce this interaction in the oxidized complexes. Analysis of the electron density in the reduced and oxidized states of representative complexes indicates a clear donation from the C(ipso) of the N-substituents to an empty d orbital on the metal. In case of the Ru complexes, this mechanism involves the Ru-alkylidene moiety. All of these results suggest that electron-donating Y groups render the aromatic N-substituent able to donate more density to electron-deficient metals through the C(ipso) atom. This conclusion suggests that electron-donating Y groups could stabilize higher oxidation states during catalysis. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of differently donating Y groups in model reactions of Ru-catalyzed olefin metathesis and Pd-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling. Consistent with the experimental results, calculations indicate an easier reaction pathway if the N-substituent of the NHC ligand presents an electron-donating Y group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Credendino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Ajitha MJ, Suresh CH. Assessment of Stereoelectronic Factors That Influence the CO2 Fixation Ability of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1087-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jo202382g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjaly J. Ajitha
- Computational Modeling
and Simulation Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Computational Modeling
and Simulation Section, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR), Trivandrum, India
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Dong L, Qin S, Yang H, Su Z, Hu C. Theoretical investigation on copper hydrides catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction of 3-methylcyclohex-2-enone: mechanism and ligands' effect. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cy00320h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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