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Abstract
Carbide complexes remain a rare class of molecules. Their paucity does not reflect exceptional instability but is rather due to the generally narrow scope of synthetic procedures for constructing carbide complexes. The preparation of carbide complexes typically revolves around generating LnM-CEx fragments, followed by cleavage of the C-E bonds of the coordinated carbon-based ligands (the alternative being direct C atom transfer). Prime examples involve deoxygenation of carbonyl ligands and deprotonation of methyl ligands, but several other p-block fragments can be cleaved off to afford carbide ligands. This Review outlines synthetic strategies toward terminal carbide complexes, bridging carbide complexes, as well as carbide-carbonyl cluster complexes. It then surveys the reactivity of carbide complexes, covering stoichiometric reactions where the carbide ligands act as C1 reagents, engage in cross-coupling reactions, and enact Fischer-Tropsch-like chemistry; in addition, we discuss carbide complexes in the context of catalysis. Finally, we examine spectroscopic features of carbide complexes, which helps to establish the presence of the carbide functionality and address its electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Colebatch AL, Frogley BJ, Hill AF, Onn CS. Pnictogen‐Functionalised C
1
Ligands: MC‐AR
n
(
n
=0, 1, 2, 3). Chemistry 2021; 27:5322-5343. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Chee S. Onn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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3
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Frogley BJ, Hill AF, Shang R, Sharma M, Willis AC. In Search of Fulminate Analogues: L
n
M≡CP=NR. Chemistry 2020; 26:8819-8827. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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4
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Burt LK, Cordiner RL, Hill AF, Manzano RA, Wagler J. The significance of phosphoniocarbynes in halocarbyne cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5673-5676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Competent intermediates as well as productive and non-productive tangents have been identified in the catalytic cycle for palladium(0)–copper(i) mediated synthesis of propargylidynes via cross coupling reactions of bromocarbyne complexes with alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. Burt
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | | | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Richard A. Manzano
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Jörg Wagler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- 09599 Freiberg
- Germany
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5
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Frogley BJ, Hill AF. Tungsten–platinum μ-carbido and μ-methylidyne complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12400-12403. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lithiocarbyne [W]CLi ([W] = W(CO)2(Tp*); Tp* = tris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) with divalent platinum complexes afford access to μ-carbido, μ-methylidyne and carbyne-based metallo-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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6
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Frogley BJ, Hill AF. A complete set of pnictocarbynes: [M(CAPh2)(CO)2(Tp*)] (M = Mo, W; A = N, P, As, Sb, Bi; Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)-borate). Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2126-2129. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00143j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first two complete series of pnictogen functionalised carbyne complexes, [M(CAPh2)(CO)2(Tp*)] (M = Mo, W; A = N, P, As, Sb, Bi; Tp* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate), have been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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7
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Barnett HJ, Burt LK, Hill AF. Simple generation of a dirhodium μ-carbido complex via thiocarbonyl reduction. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9570-9574. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [RhCl(CS)(PPh3)2] with excess catecholborane affords the cumulenic carbido complex [Rh2(μ-C)Cl2(PPh3)4] which undergoes phosphine and halide substitution to afford a range of complexes in which the RhCRh spine remains intact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam K. Burt
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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8
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Abstract
The reaction of the methylidyne complex [W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)Br(CO)2(dcpe)] (dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) with tBuLi affords the intermediate anionic neopentylidyne complex Li[W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(CO)2(dcpe)] which acts as a metal-based nucleophile towards tBuCl, tBuBr, Ph2E2 (E = S, Se, Te) and ClSnMe3 to afford the new carbyne complexes [W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(X)(CO)2(dcpe)] (X = Cl, Br, EPh, SnMe3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Richard Y Kong
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ACT 2601, Australia.
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9
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Abstract
Bromination of the carbyne complexes [W(CR)Br(CO)2(dcpe)] (R = Ph, SiPh3; dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) provides high oxidation state derivatives [W(CPh)Br3(dcpe)] and [W(CBr)Br3(dcpe)], the latter via an unprecedented bromodesilylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Richard Y. Kong
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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10
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Colebatch AL, Hill AF. Coordination chemistry of phosphinocarbynes: phosphorus vs. carbyne site selectivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4355-4365. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04770j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphinocarbyne complex [W(CPPh2)(CO)2(Tp*)] (1: Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) coordinates transition metal fragments via the phosphine to form bimetallic species [W{CPPh2RhCl2(Cp*)}(CO)2(Tp*)] (2) and [W(CPPh2AuCl)(CO)2(Tp*)] (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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13
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Colebatch AL, Hill AF, Sharma M. Synthesis and Reactivity of Phosphinocarbyne Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500833n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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14
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2011. Coord Chem Rev 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Borren ES, Hill AF, Shang R, Sharma M, Willis AC. A Golden Ring: Molecular Gold Carbido Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:4942-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja400128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot S. Borren
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Rong Shang
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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16
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Hill AF, Shang R. Boratocarbyne Complexes: Li[Mo{≡CB(OMe)3}(CO)2{HB(pzMe2)3}] and [K(18-crown-6)][Mo(≡CBF2OMe)(CO)2{HB(pzMe2)3}] (pz = pyrazol-1-yl). Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300238m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School
of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Rong Shang
- Research School
of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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17
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Hill AF, Sharma M, Willis AC. Heterodinuclear Bridging Carbido and Phosphoniocarbyne Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School
of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research School
of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School
of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian
Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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