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Yu HY, Lee HK, Chan KS. Acylation of Rhodium(III) Porphyrin Complexes with Carboxylic Acids: Scope and Mechanism. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hung Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Bian Y, Tam CM, To CT, Qu X, Chan KS. Alkylation of Rhodium Porphyrin Complexes with Primary Alcohols under Basic Conditions. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Bian
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 00, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun Meng Tam
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 00, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ching Tat To
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 00, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Qu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 00, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 00, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Tat To
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong SAR People's Republic of China
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4
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Thompson SJ, Brennan MR, Lee SY, Dong G. Synthesis and applications of rhodium porphyrin complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:929-981. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00582b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A review on rhodium porphyrin chemistry, ranging from synthesis and properties to reactivity and application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siu Yin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago
- Chicago
- USA
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To CT, Chan KS. Selective Aliphatic Carbon-Carbon Bond Activation by Rhodium Porphyrin Complexes. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1702-1711. [PMID: 28609611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-carbon bond activation of organic molecules with transition metal complexes is an attractive transformation. These reactions form transition metal-carbon bonded intermediates, which contribute to fundamental understanding in organometallic chemistry. Alternatively, the metal-carbon bond in these intermediates can be further functionalized to construct new carbon-(hetero)atom bonds. This methodology promotes the concept that the carbon-carbon bond acts as a functional group, although carbon-carbon bonds are kinetically inert. In the past few decades, numerous efforts have been made to overcome the chemo-, regio- and, more recently, stereoselectivity obstacles. The synthetic usefulness of the selective carbon-carbon bond activation has been significantly expanded and is becoming increasingly practical: this technique covers a wide range of substrate scopes and transition metals. In the past 16 years, our laboratory has shown that rhodium porphyrin complexes effectively mediate the intermolecular stoichiometric and catalytic activation of both strained and nonstrained aliphatic carbon-carbon bonds. Rhodium(II) porphyrin metalloradicals readily activate the aliphatic carbon(sp3)-carbon(sp3) bond in TEMPO ((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) and its derivatives, nitriles, nonenolizable ketones, esters, and amides to produce rhodium(III) porphyrin alkyls. Recently, the cleavage of carbon-carbon σ-bonds in unfunctionalized and noncoordinating hydrocarbons with rhodium(II) porphyrin metalloradicals has been developed. The absence of carbon-hydrogen bond activation in these systems makes the reaction unique. Furthermore, rhodium(III) porphyrin hydroxide complexes can be generated in situ to selectively activate the carbon(α)-carbon(β) bond in ethers and the carbon(CO)-carbon(α) bond in ketones under mild conditions. The addition of PPh3 promotes the reaction rate and yield of the carbon-carbon bond activation product. Thus, both rhodium(II) porphyrin metalloradical and rhodium(III) porphyrin hydroxide are very reactive to activate the aliphatic carbon-carbon bonds. Recently, we successfully demonstrated the rhodium porphyrin catalyzed reduction or oxidation of aliphatic carbon-carbon bonds using water as the reductant or oxidant, respectively, in the absence of sacrificial reagents and neutral conditions. This Account presents our contribution in this domain. First, we describe the chemistry of equilibria among the reactive rhodium porphyrin complexes in oxidation states from Rh(I) to Rh(III). Then, we present the serendipitous discovery of the carbon-carbon bond activation reaction and subsequent developments in our laboratory. These aliphatic carbon-carbon bond activation reactions can generally be divided into two categories according to the reaction type: (i) homolytic radical substitution of a carbon(sp3)-carbon(sp3) bond with a rhodium(II) porphyrin metalloradical and (ii) σ-bond metathesis of a carbon-carbon bond with a rhodium(III) porphyrin hydroxide. Finally, representative examples of catalytic carbon-carbon bond hydrogenation and oxidation through strategic design are covered. The progress in this area broadens the chemistry of rhodium porphyrin complexes, and these transformations are expected to find applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Tat To
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong,
Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Abrams DJ, West JG, Sorensen EJ. Toward a mild dehydroformylation using base-metal catalysis. Chem Sci 2016; 8:1954-1959. [PMID: 28451310 PMCID: PMC5384452 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04607j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroformylation, a challenging, underexplored reaction, can be performed under mild conditions using a designed cooperative base metal catalyst system.
Dehydroformylation, or the reaction of aldehydes to produce alkenes, hydrogen gas, and carbon monoxide, is a powerful transformation that is underdeveloped despite the high industrial importance of the reverse reaction, hydroformylation. Interestingly, nature routinely performs a related transformation, oxidative dehydroformylation, in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and related sterols under mild conditions using base-metal catalysts. In contrast, chemists have recently developed a non-oxidative dehydroformylation method; however, it requires high temperatures and a precious-metal catalyst. Careful study of both approaches has informed our efforts to design a base-metal catalyzed, mild dehydroformylation method that incorporates benefits from each while avoiding several of their respective disadvantages. Importantly, we show that cooperative base metal catalysis presents a powerful, mechanistically unique approach to reactions which are difficult to achieve using conventional catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J Abrams
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA . ; http://www.chemists.princeton.edu/sorensen
| | - Julian G West
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA . ; http://www.chemists.princeton.edu/sorensen
| | - Erik J Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , NJ 08544 , USA . ; http://www.chemists.princeton.edu/sorensen
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Lee SY, Feng S, Chan KS. Room temperature carbon(CO)–carbon(α) bond activation of ketones by rhodium(ii) porphyrins with water. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:3522-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mild and selective aliphatic C(CO)–C(α) bond activation (CCA) of ketones was successfully achieved at room temperature using rhodium(ii) porphyrins in the presence of H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yin Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department of Chemistry
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shatin, New Territories
- People's Republic of China
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Zuo H, Liu Z, Yang W, Zhou Z, Chan KS. User-friendly aerobic reductive alkylation of iridium(III) porphyrin chloride with potassium hydroxide: scope and mechanism. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20618-25. [PMID: 26563412 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03845f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alkylation of iridium 5,10,15,20-tetrakistolylporphyrinato carbonyl chloride, Ir(ttp)Cl(CO) (1), with 1°, 2° alkyl halides was achieved to give (ttp)Ir-alkyls in good yields under air and water compatible conditions by utilizing KOH as the cheap reducing agent. The reaction rate followed the order: RCl < RBr < RI (R = alkyl), and suggests an SN2 pathway by [Ir(I)(ttp)](-). Ir(ttp)-adamantyl was obtained under N2 when 1-bromoadamantane was utilized, which could only undergo bromine atom transfer pathway. Mechanistic investigations reveal a substrate dependent pathway of SN2 or halogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Yang W, Zuo H, Lai WY, Feng S, Pang YS, Hung KE, Yu CY, Lau YF, Tsoi HY, Chan KS. Facile Aerobic Alkylation of Rhodium Porphyrins with Alkyl Halides. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiping Zuo
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai Yan Lai
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yat Sing Pang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai En Hung
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chu Yi Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Fan Lau
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ho Yin Tsoi
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Thompson SJ, Dong G. Alkylation of Rhodium Porphyrins Using Ammonium and Quinolinium Salts. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500438s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Lee SY, Lai TH, Hui YY, Chan KS. Hydroxide-promoted selective C(α)–C(β) bond activation of aliphatic ethers by rhodium(III) porphyrins. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lee SY, Chan KS. Photocatalytic Carbon–Carbon σ-Bond Anaerobic Oxidation of Ketones with Water by Rhodium(III) Porphyrins. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400672t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Yin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Fung HS, Li BZ, Chan KS. Mild and Selective C(CO)–C(α) Bond Cleavage of Ketones by Rhodium(III) Porphyrins: Scope and Mechanism. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om200788p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sang Fung
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Bao Zhu Li
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Kin Shing Chan
- Department
of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
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Montag M, Efremenko I, Diskin-Posner Y, Ben-David Y, Martin JML, Milstein D. Exclusive C–C Oxidative Addition in a Rhodium Thiophosphoryl Pincer Complex and Computational Evidence for an η3-C–C–H Agostic Intermediate. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om201205y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Montag
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76000, Israel
| | - Irena Efremenko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76000, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76000, Israel
| | - Yehoshoa Ben-David
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76000, Israel
| | - Jan M. L. Martin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76000, Israel
| | - David Milstein
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76000, Israel
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