1
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Krieft J, Trapp PC, Vishnevskiy YV, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Lamm JH, Mitzel NW. A geminal antimony(iii)/phosphorus(iii) frustrated Lewis pair. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12118-12125. [PMID: 39092119 PMCID: PMC11290451 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02785j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The geminal Lewis pair (F5C2)2SbCH2P(tBu)2 (1) was prepared by reacting (F5C2)2SbCl with LiCH2P(tBu)2. Despite its extremely electronegative pentafluoroethyl substituents, the neutral 1 exhibits a relatively soft acidic antimony function according to the HSAB concept (hard-soft acid-base). These properties lead to a reversibility in the binding of CS2 to 1, as observed by VT-NMR spectroscopy, while no reaction with CO2 is observed. The reaction behaviour towards heterocumulenes and the specific interaction situation in the CS2 adduct were analysed by quantum chemical calculations. The FLP-type reactivity of 1 has also been demonstrated by reaction with a variety of small molecules (SO2, PhNCO, PhNCS, (MePh2P)AuCl). The reactions of 1 with PhNCO and PhNCS led to different types of cyclic addition products: PhNCO adds with its N[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond and PhNCS adds preferentially with its C[double bond, length as m-dash]S bond. The reaction of 1 with (MePh2P)AuCl gave an adduct {[(F5C2)2SbCH2(tBu)2P]2Au}+ with a clamp-like structure binding a chloride anion by its two antimony atoms in chelate mode. Compound 1 and its adducts have been characterised by X-ray diffraction experiments, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analyses and computational calculations (DFT, QTAIM, IQA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Krieft
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Yury V Vishnevskiy
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Lamm
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Chair of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials CM2, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
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2
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Peng L, Zhao Y, Chen J, Lu H, Tang Z, Chen Y, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Trivalent Organostibines: Sb,N Ligands in Double N-Arylation of Primary Amines toward Functionalized Carbazoles. J Org Chem 2024; 89:183-190. [PMID: 38141025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
A Sb,N ligand (L-Sb) for Pd-catalyzed double N-arylation of primary amines was developed. This trivalent ligand L-Sb, containing a 5,6,7,12-tetrahydrodibenzo[c,f][1,5]azastibocine skeleton and stable under air and moisture, could be synthesized facilely on a gram scale from chlorostibine (1) and cyclopentylmagnesium bromide. L-Sb showed excellent catalytic performance in Pd2(dba)3-catalyzed double N-arylation of 2,2'-dibromo-1,1'-biphenyl (2) with primary amines (3), affording functionalized carbazoles in good yields. This Pd2(dba)3/L-Sb-catalyzed double N-arylation, the first example of the application of trivalent organostibines as a ligand in N-arylation, featured the following advantages: small catalyst loading, wide functional group tolerance, good yields, and ease of gram-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Renhua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P. R. China
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3
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Schulz J, Antala J, Rezazgui D, Císařová I, Štěpnička P. Synthesis, Structure, Reactivity, and Intramolecular Donor-Acceptor Interactions in a Phosphinoferrocene Stibine and Its Corresponding Phosphine Chalcogenides and Stiboranes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14028-14043. [PMID: 37566394 PMCID: PMC10466383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene-based phosphines equipped with additional functional groups are versatile ligands for coordination chemistry and catalysis. This contribution describes a new compound of this type, combining phosphine and stibine groups at the ferrocene backbone, viz. 1-(diphenylphosphino)-1'-(diphenylstibino)ferrocene (1). Phosphinostibine 1 and the corresponding P-chalcogenide derivatives Ph2P(E)fcSbPh2 (1E, fc = ferrocene-1,1'-diyl, E = O, S, Se) were synthesized and further converted to the corresponding stiboranes Ph2P(E)fcSb(O2C6Cl4)Ph2 (6 and 6E) by oxidation with o-chloranil. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical methods. Both NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations confirmed the presence of P → Sb and P═O → Sb donor-acceptor interactions in 6 and 6O, triggered by the oxidation of the stibine moiety into Lewis acidic stiborane. The corresponding interactions in 6S and 6Se were of the same type but significantly weaker. A coordination study with AuCl as the model metal fragment revealed that the phosphine group acts as the "primary" coordination site, in line with its higher basicity. The obtained Au(I) complexes were applied as catalysts in the Au-catalyzed cyclization of N-propargylbenzamide and in the oxidative [2 + 2 + 1] cyclization of ethynylbenzene with acetonitrile and pyridine N-oxides. The catalytic results showed that the stibine complexes had worse catalytic performance than their phosphine counterparts, most likely due to the formation of weaker coordination bonds and hence poorer stabilization of the active metal species. Nevertheless, the stibine moiety could be used to fine-tune the properties of the ligated metal center by changing the oxidation state or substituents at the "remote" Sb atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Schulz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Antala
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Rezazgui
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Štěpnička
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Tang T, Zhang D, Le L, Xu Z, Lu H, Yin SF, Kambe N, Qiu R. Cu-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Chlorostibine with Terminal Alkynes to Give Sb-alkynyl Stibines and Products Transformation. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Smith JE, Yang H, Gabbaï FP. An Electrophilic, Intramolecularly Base-Stabilized Platinum–Antimony Complex. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse E. Smith
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Texas A&M University, Department of Chemistry, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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6
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Poddel'sky AI, Smolyaninov IV, Druzhkov NO, Fukin GK. Heterometallic antimony(V)-zinc and antimony(V)-copper complexes comprising catecholate and diazadiene as redox active centers. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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8
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Structural Evidence for Pnictogen-Centered Lewis Acidity in Cationic Platinum-Stibine Complexes Featuring Pendent Amino or Ammonium Groups. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071985. [PMID: 33915809 PMCID: PMC8036533 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our continuing interest in the chemistry of cationic antimony Lewis acids as ligands for late transition metals, we have now investigated the synthesis of platinum complexes featuring a triarylstibine ligand substituted by an o-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl group referred to as ArN. More specifically, we describe the synthesis of the amino stibine ligand Ph2SbArN (L) and its platinum dichloride complex [LPtCl]Cl which exists as a chloride salt and which shows weak coordination of the amino group to the antimony center. We also report the conversion of [LPtCl]Cl into a tricationic complex [LHPt(SMe2)]3+ which has been isolated as a tris-triflate salt after reaction of [LPtCl]Cl with SMe2, HOTf and AgOTf. Finally, we show that [LHPt(SMe2)][OTf]3 acts as a catalyst for the cyclization of 2-allyl-2-(2-propynyl)malonate.
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9
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You D, Smith JE, Sen S, Gabbaï FP. A Stiboranyl Platinum Triflate Complex as an Electrophilic Catalyst. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Prokudina YV, Davydova EI, Virovets A, Stöger B, Peresypkina E, Pomogaeva AV, Timoshkin AY. Structures and Chemical Bonding in Antimony(III) Bromide Complexes with Pyridine. Chemistry 2020; 26:16338-16348. [PMID: 32672367 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Weakly or "partially" bonded molecules are an important link between the chemical and van der Waals interactions. Molecular structures of six new SbBr3 -Py complexes in the solid state have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In all complexes all Sb atoms adopt a pseudo-octahedral coordination geometry which is completed by additional Sb⋅⋅⋅Br contacts shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii, with Br-Sb⋅⋅⋅Br angles close to 180°. To reveal the nature of Sb-Br and Sb-N interactions, the DFT calculations were performed followed by the analysis of the electrostatic potentials, the orbital interactions and the topological analysis. Based on Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, the Sb-Br interactions range from the covalent bonds to the pnictogen bonds. A simple structural parameter, non-covalence criterion (NCC) is defined as a ratio of the atom-atom distance to the linear combination of sums of covalent and van der Waals radii. NCC correlates with E(2) values for Sb-N, Sb-Cl and Sb-Br bonds, and appears to be useful criterion for a preliminary evaluation of the bonding situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana V Prokudina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I Davydova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Virovets
- University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstr. 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Berthold Stöger
- X-Ray Center, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt, 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Anna V Pomogaeva
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Wächtler E, Gericke R, Block T, Pöttgen R, Wagler J. Trivalent Antimony as L-, X-, and Z-Type Ligand: The Full Set of Possible Coordination Modes in Pt-Sb Bonds. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:15541-15552. [PMID: 33030338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of our investigations of the coordination chemistry of trivalent antimony (Sb) compounds, we studied heteronuclear complexes formed in reactions of the compounds RSb(pyS)2 (R = pyS, Ph; pyS- = pyridine-2-thiolate) with [Pt(PPh3)4], i.e., complexes [(R)Sb(μ-pyS)2Pt(PPh3)] (R = pyS, 1; R = Ph, 2). The reaction of 1 with o-chloranil proceeds cleanly with elimination of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide and formation of the salt [(PPh3)Pt(μ-pyS)2Sb(μ-pyS)2Pt(PPh3)]+[Sb(C6Cl4O2)2]- (3III), which features the cation 3+. The charge-neutral, unsymmetrically substituted compound [(PPh3)Pt(μ-pyS)2Sb(μ-pyS)2Pt(κS-pyS)] (4) can be accessed by the reaction of 3+ with LipyS. The oxidation of 2 with o-chloranil furnishes the complex [(κ-O,O-C6Cl4O2)PhSb(μ-pyS)2Pt(PPh3)] (5). The oxidation of 1 with PhICl2 afforded the paddlewheel-shaped complex [Sb(μ-pyS)4PtCl] (6). Moreover, compound 6 was obtained by the reaction of Sb(pyS)3 with [PtCl(pyS)(PPh3)]. The polarization of Pt-Sb bonds of compounds 1-6 was investigated by natural localized molecular orbital (NLMO) calculations, which suggest X-type ligand character (covalent Pt-Sb bonds) for 1 and 2, whereas the Sb ligand of 6 reflects Z-type character (dative Pt→Sb bonds). In 3+, 4, and 5, high contributions of the reverse, i.e., L-type (dative Pt←Sb bonds), were observed. In conjunction with the results of NLMO analyses, 121Sb Mössbauer spectroscopy proves that complexes 1-6 represent essentially trivalent Sb complexes with either a free lone pair (LP) at the Sb atom (1, 2, and 6) or LP character involved in L-type Pt←Sb coordination (3+, 4, and 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wächtler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität (TU) Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Robert Gericke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität (TU) Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Block
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Wagler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität (TU) Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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12
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Tanaka S, Konishi M, Imoto H, Nakamura Y, Ishida M, Furuta H, Naka K. Fundamental Study on Arsenic(III) Halides (AsX 3; X = Br, I) toward the Construction of C3-Symmetrical Monodentate Arsenic Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9587-9593. [PMID: 32515950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic ligands have attracted considerable attention in coordination chemistry. Arsenic(III) halides are the most important starting materials in the preparation of monodentate arsenic ligands. In this work, we optimized the synthetic methodologies of arsenic(III) halides (AsX3; X = Br, I) and examined the difference of their physical properties such as solubility to organic solvent and reactivity to nucleophiles. In addition, a wide variety of monodentate arsenic ligands were prepared with the obtained AsX3. Finally, the obtained monodentate arsenic ligands were utilized for copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the reaction system with porphyrin. The results showed that monodentate arsenic ligands have higher catalytic activity compared with triphenylphosphine because of the difference of the electronic features of lone pairs between arsenic and phosphorus atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Masafumi Konishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuma Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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13
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Nejman PS, Curzon TE, Bühl M, McKay D, Woollins JD, Ashbrook SE, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Kilian P. Phosphorus–Bismuth Peri-Substituted Acenaphthenes: A Synthetic, Structural, and Computational Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5616-5625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip S. Nejman
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Thomasine E. Curzon
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David McKay
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - J. Derek Woollins
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharon E. Ashbrook
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | - David B. Cordes
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
| | | | - Petr Kilian
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 ST, U.K
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14
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Srungavruksham NK, Liu YH, Tsai MK, Chiu CW. PSb +P Ligand: Platform for a Stibenium to Transition-Metal Interaction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4468-4474. [PMID: 32193926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of cationic divalent pnictogen ligands, such as nitrenium and phosphenium, has been well-explored in recent years. However, corresponding studies of a heavier congener, stibenium ion, are rare. To better facilitate a Sb+-metal interaction, a tridentate P-Sb+-P ligand with two phosphine buttresses was designed and synthesized, and its coordination chemistry toward late transition metals was investigated. The stibenium ligand was delivered as an activated P(SbCl)P-AgOTf complex (2) that releases AgCl and the P-Sb+-P ligand upon the treatment with transition metals. Reacting 2 with Rh(I) and Ir(I) metals yielded the anticipated stibenium-transition-metal complexes [(Rh(COD)Cl)2(μ-PSb+P)] OTf ([3][OTf]) and [(Ir(COD)Cl)2(μ-PSb+P)] OTf ([4][OTf]). The M-Sb+-M bridging structure was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and the bonding situation was examined computationally. Theoretical studies revealed the presence of three-center delocalized M-Sb+-M bonding interactions in [3][OTf] and [4][OTf].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kang Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Section 4, Ting-Zhou Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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16
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17
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Olaru M, Krupke S, Lork E, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Transmetallation of bis(6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl)mercury with tin tetrachloride, antimony trichloride and bismuth trichloride. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5585-5594. [PMID: 30942221 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00827f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure of well-defined arylelement chlorides RSnCl4, RSnCl3·THF, RSbCl2, RSbCl2·THF and RBiCl2 is reported (R = 6-diphenylphosphinoxy-acenapth-5-yl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Sandra Krupke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Enno Lork
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie
- Universität Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
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18
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Trubenstein HJ, Moaven S, Vega M, Unruh DK, Cozzolino AF. Pnictogen bonding with alkoxide cages: which pnictogen is best? NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03648b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimony cages have the best balance between strength and directionality compared to the other congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiva Moaven
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Maythe Vega
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Jolleys
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin R. M. Lake
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sophie L. Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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20
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You D, Yang H, Sen S, Gabbaï FP. Modulating the σ-Accepting Properties of an Antimony Z-type Ligand via Anion Abstraction: Remote-Controlled Reactivity of the Coordinated Platinum Atom. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9644-9651. [PMID: 29979870 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In search of ligand platforms, which can be used to remotely control the catalytic activity of a transition metal, we have investigated the coordination noninnocence of ambiphilic L2/Z-type ligands containing a trifluorostiborane unit as a Lewis acid. The known dichlorostiboranyl platinum complex (( o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbCl2)PtCl (1) reacts with TlF in the presence of acetonitrile (MeCN) and cyclohexyl isocyanide (CyNC) to afford the trifluorostiborane platinum complexes 2 ((( o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbF3)Pt-NCMe) and 3 ((( o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbF3)Pt-CNCy), respectively. Formation of these complexes, which results from a redistribution of the halide ligands about the dinuclear core, affects the nature of the Pt-Sb bond. The latter switches from covalent in 1 to polar covalent (or dative) in 2 and 3 where the trifluorostiborane moiety engages the platinum center in a Pt → Sb interaction. The polarity of the Pt-Sb bond can be modulated further by abstraction of an antimony-bound fluoride ligand using B(C6F5)3. These reactions afford the cationic complexes [(( o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbF2)Pt-NCMe]+ ([5]+) and [(( o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbF2)Pt-CNCy]+ ([6]+) which have been isolated as [BF(C6F5)3]- salts. These complexes possess a highly Lewis acidic difluorostibonium moiety, which exerts an intense draw on the electron density of the platinum center. As a result, the latter becomes significantly more electrophilic. In the case of [5]+, which contains a labile acetonitrile ligand, this increased electrophilicity translates into increased carbophilicity as reflected by the ability of this complex to promote enyne cyclization reactions. These results demonstrate that the coordination noninnocence of antimony Z-ligands can be used to adjust the catalytic activity of an adjoining metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di You
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| | - Haifeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| | - Srobona Sen
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3255 , United States
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21
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Lo YH, Gabbaï FP. Controlling the Properties of a 2,2′-bipy–Platinum Dichloride Complex via Oxidation of a Peripheral Stibine Moiety. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Lo
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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22
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Greenacre VK, Levason W, Reid G. Trialkylstibine Complexes of Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, and Indium Trihalides: Synthesis, Properties, and Bonding. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - William Levason
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Gillian Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
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23
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Qiu J, Song B, Li X, Cozzolino AF. Solution and gas phase evidence of anion binding through the secondary bonding interactions of a bidentate bis-antimony(iii) anion receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:46-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05933g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Solution and gas phase evidence of halide binding to a bis-antimony(iii) anion receptor is demonstrated through NMR titrations and ESI-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| | - B. Song
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - X. Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
| | - A. F. Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
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24
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25
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Sen S, Ke IS, Gabbaï FP. T-Shaped Gold→Stiborane Complexes as Carbophilic Catalysts: Influence of the Peripheral Substituents. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srobona Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Iou-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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26
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You D, Gabbaï FP. Unmasking the Catalytic Activity of a Platinum Complex with a Lewis Acidic, Non-innocent Antimony Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6843-6846. [PMID: 28485973 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b03287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the view of developing self-activating electrophilic catalysts, we are now investigating complexes with a Lewis acidic moiety in the immediate vicinity of the transition metal center. Toward this end, we have synthesized a platinum complex in which the metal is connected to a Lewis acidic bis(triflato)stiboranyl ligand. This complex, ((o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbOTf2)PtCl (2), which was obtained by treatment of ((o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbCl2)PtCl (1) with 2 equiv of AgOTf, is surprisingly air stable. Yet, it promptly reacts with cyclohexylisocyanide to afford the dicationic chlorostibine complex [((o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbCl)PtCNCy]2+ ([3]2+) as a bis-triflate salt. Formation of [3]2+ occurs through abstraction of the platinum-bound chloride ligand by the adjacent Lewis acidic antimony center. This halide migration reaction leads to activation of the platinum center. In turn, 2 behaves as a self-activating catalyst in reactions involving alkynes and readily mediates both enyne cyclization and intramolecular hydroarylation reactions, at room temperature, without addition of a chloride abstracting reagent. These results demonstrate that the coordination non-innocence of antimony ligands can be exploited for the purpose of electrophilic catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di You
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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27
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Wächtler E, Oro LA, Iglesias M, Gerke B, Pöttgen R, Gericke R, Wagler J. Synthesis and Oxidation of a Paddlewheel-Shaped Rhodium/Antimony Complex Featuring Pyridine-2-Thiolate Ligands. Chemistry 2017; 23:3447-3454. [PMID: 28083957 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The paddlewheel-shaped complex [Sb(μ-pyS)4 Rh]2 (1) (pyS- = 2-S-C5 H4 N- ) was synthesized from [Rh(pyS)(cod)]2 (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene) and Sb(pyS)3 . Upon oxidation with ONMe3 , the complex [(μ-O)Sb(μ-pyS)3 Rh(κ2 -pyS)]2 (2) is formed. Both 1 and 2 form dimers and feature short Rh-Sb bonds and bridging pyS ligands. 121 Sb Mössbauer spectro- scopy and computational studies were employed to elucidate the Rh-Sb bonding in 1 and 2. Both covalent (Rh-Sb, X-type Sb ligand) and dative (Rh→Sb, Z-type; Rh←Sb L-type Sb ligand) interactions have to be considered for the description of their bonding situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wächtler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596, Freiberg, Germany.,Departamento Química Inorgánica-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento Química Inorgánica-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Iglesias
- Departamento Química Inorgánica-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, WWU Münster, Corrensstraße 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Gericke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Wagler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09596, Freiberg, Germany
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28
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Jones JS, Gabbai FP. Activation of an Au-Cl Bond by a Pendent Sb III Lewis Acid: Impact on Structure and Catalytic Activity. Chemistry 2016; 23:1136-1144. [PMID: 27813226 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the objective of identifying new coordination modes of ambiphilic ligands, we have investigated the bidentate Sb/P ligands (o-(Ph2 P)C6 H4 )SbCl2 (LCl ) and (o-(Ph2 P)C6 H4 )SbPh2 (LPh ). Reaction of these ligands with (tht)AuCl affords the monoligated species LCl AuCl (1) and LPh AuCl (2), respectively, in which the antimony centers are only weakly engaged with the coordinated gold atom. Treatment of 1 with PPh3 induces an intramolecular transfer of a chloride ligand from gold to antimony to form the zwitterionic species o-(Cl3 Sb)C6 H4 (Ph2 P)Au(PPh3 ) (3). Natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations show that the antimony and gold centers are involved in weak Sb→Au and Au→Sb interactions, the latter reflecting the Lewis acidity of the pendent antimony group. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of the antimony center in 1 to abstract a gold-bound chloride in the presence of a Lewis basic substrate may be utilized to activate the gold center for the electrophilic cycloisomerization of propargylic amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stuart Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
| | - François P Gabbai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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29
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Qiu J, Unruh DK, Cozzolino AF. Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of a Bisantimony(III) Compound for Anion Binding and the Density Functional Theory Evaluation of Halide Binding through Antimony Secondary Bonding Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9257-9269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchun Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Anthony F. Cozzolino
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 1061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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30
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Sen S, Ke IS, Gabbaï FP. Anion-Controlled Positional Switching of a Phenyl Group about the Dinuclear Core of a AuSb Complex. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9162-72. [PMID: 27583565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our continuing interest in redox-active, anion-responsive main-group transition-metal platforms, we have investigated the effect of chloride by fluoride anion substitution on the core structure of a dinuclear AuSb platform. Starting from [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2Cl2SbPh]AuCl (2) in which the antimony-bound phenyl group is positioned trans to the gold atom, we found that the introduction of fluoride anions, as in [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F2SbPh]AuCl (3) and [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2ClFSbPh]AuCl (4), produces structures in which the phenyl group switches to a perpendicular direction with respect to the gold atom. Replacement of the gold-bound chloride anion in 3 by a fluoride anion can be achieved by successive treatment with TlPF6 and [nBu4N][Ph3SiF2]. These reactions, which proceed via the intermediate zwitterionc gold antimonate complex [o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F3SbPh]Au (6), trigger migration of the phenyl group to gold and afford [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2F3Sb]AuPh (7). Because the phenyl group in 7 is orthogonal to that in 3 and opposite to that in 2, the title AuSb platform can be regarded as a molecular analogue of a mechanical three-way switch in which the switching element is a phenyl group. Finally, while all complexes involved retain a Au → Sb interaction, this interaction is no longer present in the zwitterionic derivative 6 because of the neutralization of the Lewis acidity of the antimony center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srobona Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Iou-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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31
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Benjamin SL, Krämer T, Levason W, Light ME, Macgregor SA, Reid G. [Pd4(μ3-SbMe3)4(SbMe3)4]: A Pd(0) Tetrahedron with μ3-Bridging Trimethylantimony Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6964-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Benjamin
- School
of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - William Levason
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E. Light
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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32
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Jones JS, Gabbaï FP. Coordination- and Redox-Noninnocent Behavior of Ambiphilic Ligands Containing Antimony. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:857-67. [PMID: 27092722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated by applications in catalysis, the chemistry of ambiphilic ligands featuring both donor and acceptor functionalities has experienced substantial growth in the past several years. The unique opportunities in catalysis offered by ambiphilic ligands stem from the ability of their acceptor functionalities to play key roles via metal-ligand cooperation or modulation of the reactivity of the metal center. Ligands featuring group 13 centers, most notably boranes, as their acceptor functionalities have undoubtedly spearheaded these developments, with remarkable results having been achieved in catalytic hydrogenation and hydrosilylation. Motivated by these developments as well as by our fundamental interest in the chemistry of heavy group 15 elements, we became fascinated by the possibility of employing antimony centers as Lewis acids within ambiphilic ligands. The chemistry of antimony-based ligands, most often encountered as trivalent stibines, has historically been considered to mirror that of their lighter phosphorus-based congeners. There is growing evidence, however, that antimony-based ligands may display unique coordination behavior and reactivity. Additionally, despite the diverse Lewis acid and redox chemistry that antimony exhibits, there have been only limited efforts to explore this chemistry within the coordination sphere of a transition metal. By incorporation of antimony into the framework of polydentate ligands in order to enforce the main group metal-transition metal interaction, the effect of redox and coordination events at the antimony center on the structure, electronics, and reactivity of the metal complex may be investigated. This Account describes our group's continuing efforts to probe the coordination behavior, reactivity, and application of ambiphilic ligands incorporating antimony centers. Structural and theoretical studies have established that both Sb(III) and Sb(V) centers in polydentate ligands may act as Z-type ligands toward late transition metals. Although coordinated to a metal, the antimony centers in these complexes retain residual Lewis acidity, as evidenced by their ability to participate in anion binding. Anion binding events at the antimony center have been shown by structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies to perturb the antimony-transition metal interaction and in some cases to trigger reactivity at the metal center. Coordinated Sb(III) centers in polydentate ligands have also been found to readily undergo two-electron oxidation, generating strongly Lewis acidic Sb(V) centers in the coordination sphere of the metal. Theoretical studies suggest that oxidation of the coordinated antimony center induces an umpolung of the antimony-metal bond, resulting in depletion of electron density at the metal center. In addition to elucidating the fundamental coordination and redox chemistry of antimony-containing ambiphilic ligands, our work has demonstrated that these unusual behaviors show promise for use in a variety of applications. The ability of coordinated antimony centers to bind anions has been exploited for sensing applications, in which anion coordination at antimony leads to a colorimetric response via a change in the geometry about the metal center. In addition, the capacity of antimony Lewis acids to modulate the electron density of coordinated metals has proved to be key in facilitating photochemical activation of M-X bonds as well as antimony-centered redox-controlled catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stuart Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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Caracelli I, Zukerman-Schpector J, Haiduc I, Tiekink ERT. Main group metal lone-pair⋯π(arene) interactions: a new bonding mode for supramolecular associations. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ce01460g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Wächtler E, Gericke R, Brendler E, Gerke B, Langer T, Pöttgen R, Zhechkov L, Heine T, Wagler J. Group 10–group 14 metal complexes [E–TM]IV: the role of the group 14 site as an L, X and Z-type ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14252-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The group 14 element's ligand role in N,S-bridged transition metal complexes was shown to depend on both atoms’ substitution patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Wächtler
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 09596 Freiberg
- Germany
| | - Robert Gericke
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 09596 Freiberg
- Germany
| | - Erica Brendler
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- Institut für Analytische Chemie
- 09596 Freiberg
- Germany
| | - Birgit Gerke
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Langer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Lyuben Zhechkov
- Universität Leipzig
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Universität Leipzig
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- 04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Jörg Wagler
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- 09596 Freiberg
- Germany
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Yang H, Gabbaı̈ FP. Activation of a Hydroamination Gold Catalyst by Oxidation of a Redox-Noninnocent Chlorostibine Z-Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13425-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaı̈
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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36
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Benjamin SL, Reid G. Neutral organoantimony(III) and organobismuth(III) ligands as acceptors in transition metal complexes – Role of substituents and co-ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Bamford KL, Robertson AP, Jenkins HA, Patrick BO, Burford N. Phosphine chalcogenide complexes of antimony(III) halides. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three series of phosphine chalcogenide complexes of the antimony(III) halides SbX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, or I) have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. Complexes of the generic formulae (Cy3PO)SbX3 (X = F (1a), Cl (1b), or Br (1c)), (Cy3PO)2SbX3 (X = F (2a), Cl (2b), or Br (2c)), and (Cy3PS)SbX3 (X = Cl (3b), Br (3c), or I (3d)) were synthesized via the treatment of solutions of SbX3 with OPCy3 and SPCy3, respectively. Derivatives of (Cy3PO)SbX3 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction for 1a and 1b and crystallize as dimers through symmetry related intermolecular Sb–X interactions, providing the first structurally characterized examples of this class of complex. Derivatives of (Cy3PS)SbX3 (3b–3c) adopt analogous dimeric structures in the solid state. The solid-state structure of (Cy3PO)2SbCl3 (2b) is consistent with the previously reported structures of bis-phosphine oxide complexes of antimony(III), with a square pyramidal Sb center and cis-configured OPCy3 ligands. The phosphine chalcogenide complexes of SbX3 display configurations that are consistent with the perceived trans-labilizing properties of the ligands/substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee L. Bamford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Alasdair P.M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Neil Burford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
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Jones JS, Wade CR, Gabbaı̈ FP. Guilty on Two Counts: Stepwise Coordination of Two Fluoride Anions to the Antimony Atom of a Noninnocent Stibine Ligand. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Casey R. Wade
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaı̈
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
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Braunschweig H, Dewhurst RD, Hupp F, Wolf J. Unprecedented Oxidative Addition and Metal-Only Lewis Pair Chemistry of Antimony Trihalides. Chemistry 2014; 21:1860-2. [PMID: 25491232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg (Germany) http://www-anorganik.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de/Braunschweig/.
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Hirai M, Gabbaï FP. Squeezing fluoride out of water with a neutral bidentate antimony(V) Lewis acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:1205-9. [PMID: 25424599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Because of hydration, fluoride ions in water typically elude complexation by neutral Lewis acids. Here, we show how this limitation can be overcome with a bidentate Lewis acid containing two antimony(V) centers. This derivative (2) is obtained by the simple reaction of 4,5-bis(diphenylstibino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (1) with two equivalents of 3,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzoquinone (o-chloranil). It features two square-pyramidal stiborane units oriented in a face-to-face fashion. Titration experiments show that this new bidentate Lewis acid binds fluoride in aqueous solutions containing 95% water with a binding constant (K) of 700±30 M(-1). The structure of the fluoride adduct confirms fluoride anion chelation between the two antimony centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hirai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA) http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/gabbai/
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Hirai M, Gabbaï FP. Squeezing Fluoride out of Water with a Neutral Bidentate Antimony(V) Lewis Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li YZ, Ganguly R, Leong WK. Binuclear Oxidative Addition of Sb–Cl Bonds: A Facile Synthetic Route to Main Group–Transition Element Clusters and Rings. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zhou Li
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Weng Kee Leong
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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Jones JS, Wade CR, Gabbaï FP. Redox and Anion Exchange Chemistry of a Stibine-Nickel Complex: Writing the L, X, Z Ligand Alphabet with a Single Element. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jones JS, Wade CR, Gabbaï FP. Redox and anion exchange chemistry of a stibine-nickel complex: writing the L, X, Z ligand alphabet with a single element. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8876-9. [PMID: 24953497 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the covalent bond classification (CBC) method, two-electron donors are defined as L-type ligands, one-electron donors as X-type ligands, and two-electron acceptors as Z-type ligands. These three ligand functions are usually associated to the nature of the ligating atom, with phosphine, alkyl, and borane groups being prototypical examples of L-, X- and Z-ligands, respectively. A new SbNi platform is reported in which the ligating Sb atom can assume all three CBC ligand functions. Using both experimental and computational data, it is shown that PhICl2 oxidation of (o-(Ph2P)C6H4)3SbNi(PPh3) (1) into [(o-(Ph2P)C6H4)3ClSb]NiCl (2) is accompanied by a conversion of the stibine L-type ligand of 1 into a stiboranyl X-type ligand in 2. Furthermore, the reaction of 2 with the catecholate dianion in the presence of cyclohexyl isocyanide results in the formation of [(o-(Ph2P)C6H4)3(o-O2C6H4Sb)]Ni(CNCy) (4), a complex featuring a nickel atom coordinated by a Lewis acidic, Z-type, stiborane ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA) http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/gabbai/
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Benjamin SL, Levason W, Light ME, Reid G, Rogers SM. Bromostibine Complexes of Iron(II): Hypervalency and Reactivity. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L. Benjamin
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - William Levason
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Mark E. Light
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Gillian Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
| | - Scott M. Rogers
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K. SO17 1BJ
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Ke IS, Jones JS, Gabbaï FP. Anion-Controlled Switching of an X Ligand into a Z Ligand: Coordination Non-innocence of a Stiboranyl Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ke IS, Jones JS, Gabbaï FP. Anion-controlled switching of an X ligand into a Z ligand: coordination non-innocence of a stiboranyl ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2633-7. [PMID: 24482064 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The tetravalent platinum stiboranyl complex [(o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2(o-C6Cl4O2)Sb]PtCl2Ph (2) has been synthesized by reaction of [(o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2SbClPh]PtCl (1) with o-chloranil. In the presence of fluoride anions, the stiboranyl moiety of 2 displays non-innocent behavior and is readily converted into a fluorostiborane unit. This transformation, which is accompanied by elimination of a chloride ligand from the Pt center, results in the formation of [(o-(Ph2P)C6H4)2(o-C6Cl4O2)SbF]PtClPh (3). Structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies show that the conversion of 2 into 3 is accompanied by a cleavage of the covalent Pt-Sb bond present in 2 and formation of a longer and weaker Pt→Sb interaction in 3. These results show that this new Pt-Sb platform supports the fluoride-induced metamorphosis of a stiboranyl X ligand into a stiborane Z ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iou-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (USA) http://www.chem.tamu.edu/rgroup/gabbai/
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Ke IS, Gabbaï FP. σ-Donor/acceptor-confused ligands: the case of a chlorostibine. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7145-51. [PMID: 23701632 DOI: 10.1021/ic400736b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In search for new examples of σ-acceptor ligands, we have investigated the tridentate ligands (o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2SbPh) (L(Ph)) and (o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2SbCl) (L(Cl)) which react with (tht)AuCl (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) to afford L(Ph)AuCl (1) and L(Cl)AuCl (2), respectively. As suggested by the structure of these complexes, which confirm complexation of the SbP2 ligands to the gold chloride fragment, and in agreement with the results of the density functional theory (DFT) and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations, the gold and antimony atom of 1 and 2 are involved in a Au→Sb donor-acceptor interaction. The magnitude of this interaction is higher in complex 2 which possesses a chlorinated and thus more Lewis acidic antimony center. We have also compared the strength of the Au→Sb interaction present in 2 with the Au→Bi interaction observed in the newly prepared bismuth analogue [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2BiCl]AuCl (3). This comparison reveals that 2 possesses a stronger Au→Pn bond (Pn = pnictogen), an observation reconciled by invoking the greater Lewis acidity of antimony(III) halides. Finally, complexes 1 and 2 undergo a clean antimony-centered oxidation when treated with ortho-chloranyl. These oxidation reactions afford complexes [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2(o-C6Cl4O2)SbPh]AuCl (5) and [(o-(iPr2P)C6H4)2(o-C6Cl4O2)SbCl]AuCl (6). Structural and computational studies of 5 show that the Au→Sb bond becomes shorter and more covalent upon oxidation of the antimony atom. Although the structure of 6 has not been experimentally determined, spectroscopic and computational results show a similar effect in this complex. Complex 5 and 6 constitute rare examples of metalated six coordinate antimony compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iou-Sheng Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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