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Cui M, Jia G. Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metal Alkylidyne Complexes Centered at Metathesis Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12546-12566. [PMID: 35793547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals form a variety of alkylidyne complexes with either a d0 metal center (high-valent) or a non-d0 metal center (low-valent). One of the most interesting properties of alkylidyne complexes is that they can undergo or mediate metathesis reactions. The most well-studied metathesis reactions are alkyne metathesis involving high-valent alkylidynes. High-valent alkylidynes can also undergo metathesis reactions with heterotriple bonded species such as N≡CR, P≡CR, and N≡NR+. Metathesis reactions involving low-valent alkylidynes are less known. Highly efficient alkyne metathesis catalysts have been developed based on Mo(VI) and W(VI) alkylidynes. Catalytic cross-metathesis of nitriles with alkynes has also been achieved with M(VI) (M = W, Mo) alkylidyne or nitrido complexes. The metathesis activity of alkylidyne complexes is sensitively dependent on metals, supporting ligands and substituents of alkylidynes. Beyond metathesis, metal alkylidynes can also promote other reactions including alkyne polymerization. The remaining shortcomings and opportunities in the field are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Cui
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guochen Jia
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, SAR, Hong Kong, China.,HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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2
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Abstract
Carbide complexes remain a rare class of molecules. Their paucity does not reflect exceptional instability but is rather due to the generally narrow scope of synthetic procedures for constructing carbide complexes. The preparation of carbide complexes typically revolves around generating LnM-CEx fragments, followed by cleavage of the C-E bonds of the coordinated carbon-based ligands (the alternative being direct C atom transfer). Prime examples involve deoxygenation of carbonyl ligands and deprotonation of methyl ligands, but several other p-block fragments can be cleaved off to afford carbide ligands. This Review outlines synthetic strategies toward terminal carbide complexes, bridging carbide complexes, as well as carbide-carbonyl cluster complexes. It then surveys the reactivity of carbide complexes, covering stoichiometric reactions where the carbide ligands act as C1 reagents, engage in cross-coupling reactions, and enact Fischer-Tropsch-like chemistry; in addition, we discuss carbide complexes in the context of catalysis. Finally, we examine spectroscopic features of carbide complexes, which helps to establish the presence of the carbide functionality and address its electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kurogi T, Irifune K, Takai K. Chromium carbides and cyclopropenylidenes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14281-14287. [PMID: 34760214 PMCID: PMC8565369 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04910k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon tetrabromide can be reduced with CrBr2 in THF to form a dinuclear carbido complex, [CrBr2(thf)2)][CrBr2(thf)3](μ-C), along with formation of [CrBr3(thf)3]. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of the pyridine adduct displayed a dinuclear structure bridged by a carbido ligand between 5- and 6-coordinate chromium centers. The carbido complex reacted with two equivalents of aldehydes to form α,β-unsaturated ketones. Treatment of the carbido complex with alkenes resulted in a formal double-cyclopropanation of alkenes by the carbido moiety to afford spiropentanes. Isotope labeling studies using a 13C-enriched carbido complex, [CrBr2(thf)2)][CrBr2(thf)3](μ-13C), identified that the quaternary carbon in the spiropentane framework was delivered by carbide transfer from the carbido complex. Terminal and internal alkynes also reacted with the carbido complex to form cyclopropenylidene complexes. A solid-state structure of the diethylcyclopropenylidene complex, prepared from 3-hexyne, showed a mononuclear cyclopropenylidene chromium(iii) structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kurogi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Keiichi Irifune
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku Okayama 700-8530 Japan
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Colebatch AL, Frogley BJ, Hill AF, Onn CS. Pnictogen‐Functionalised C
1
Ligands: MC‐AR
n
(
n
=0, 1, 2, 3). Chemistry 2021; 27:5322-5343. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Chee S. Onn
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Frogley BJ, Hill AF, Shang R, Sharma M, Willis AC. In Search of Fulminate Analogues: L
n
M≡CP=NR. Chemistry 2020; 26:8819-8827. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Frogley
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Rong Shang
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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Burt LK, Cordiner RL, Hill AF, Manzano RA, Wagler J. The significance of phosphoniocarbynes in halocarbyne cross-coupling reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5673-5676. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Competent intermediates as well as productive and non-productive tangents have been identified in the catalytic cycle for palladium(0)–copper(i) mediated synthesis of propargylidynes via cross coupling reactions of bromocarbyne complexes with alkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. Burt
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | | | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Richard A. Manzano
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Jörg Wagler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg
- 09599 Freiberg
- Germany
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Frogley BJ, Hill AF. Tungsten–platinum μ-carbido and μ-methylidyne complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12400-12403. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lithiocarbyne [W]CLi ([W] = W(CO)2(Tp*); Tp* = tris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) with divalent platinum complexes afford access to μ-carbido, μ-methylidyne and carbyne-based metallo-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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Colebatch AL, Frogley BJ, Hill AF. Phosphaisonitrile umpolung – synthesis and reactivity of chloro aminophosphino carbynes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10628-10641. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01838g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first P-halo-aminophosphinocarbyne complex is described in addition to exploration of its ligand-based reactivity towards nucleophilic substitution and P-halide abstraction processes as a possible route to cationic aminophosphaisonitrile derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | | | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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Abstract
The reaction of the methylidyne complex [W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CH)Br(CO)2(dcpe)] (dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) with tBuLi affords the intermediate anionic neopentylidyne complex Li[W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(CO)2(dcpe)] which acts as a metal-based nucleophile towards tBuCl, tBuBr, Ph2E2 (E = S, Se, Te) and ClSnMe3 to afford the new carbyne complexes [W([triple bond, length as m-dash]CtBu)(X)(CO)2(dcpe)] (X = Cl, Br, EPh, SnMe3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Richard Y Kong
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory ACT 2601, Australia.
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Abstract
Bromination of the carbyne complexes [W(CR)Br(CO)2(dcpe)] (R = Ph, SiPh3; dcpe = 1,2-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) provides high oxidation state derivatives [W(CPh)Br3(dcpe)] and [W(CBr)Br3(dcpe)], the latter via an unprecedented bromodesilylation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Richard Y. Kong
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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11
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Colebatch AL, Hill AF. Coordination chemistry of phosphinocarbynes: phosphorus vs. carbyne site selectivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:4355-4365. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04770j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The phosphinocarbyne complex [W(CPPh2)(CO)2(Tp*)] (1: Tp* = hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) coordinates transition metal fragments via the phosphine to form bimetallic species [W{CPPh2RhCl2(Cp*)}(CO)2(Tp*)] (2) and [W(CPPh2AuCl)(CO)2(Tp*)] (3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jas S. Ward
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Yaoyao Xiong
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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14
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Colebatch AL, Hill AF, Sharma M. Synthesis and Reactivity of Phosphinocarbyne Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500833n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Manab Sharma
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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15
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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