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Mandal A, Kilbinger AFM. Catalytic Living ROMP: Synthesis of Degradable Star Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1372-1378. [PMID: 37748103 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Star polymers have attracted considerable attention over the past few years due to their distinctive physical and chemical attributes that are different from conventional linear polymers. Here, we present a one-pot synthesis of narrowly dispersed and degradable homoarm and miktoarm star polymers exploiting the catalytic living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) mechanism. Several complex polymeric architectures (such as A3-, A4-, A6-, A2B-, A3B-, and AB2-type star polymers) were synthesized quite straightforwardly by using appropriate vinyl ether chain transfer agents. SEC, 1H NMR, and DOSY NMR spectroscopy were employed to analyze and characterize all of the synthesized polymers. We believe that this sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis of star polymers could become an important synthetic tool for polymer engineers working on supramolecular, industrial or biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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2
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Sun Z, Kobori K, Nomura K, Asano MS. Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers Coated with Oligothiophenes That Exhibit Unique Emission. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13270-13279. [PMID: 35474816 PMCID: PMC9026110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of oligo(thiophene)-modified "soluble" star-shaped ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) polymers were prepared by sequential living ROMP of norbornene and a cross-linking agent using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst, followed by Wittig-type coupling for termination with oligo(thiophene) carboxaldehydes. The resultant star-shaped ROMP polymers displayed unique emission properties affected by the core size and arm repeat units as well as the kind of oligothiophene coated. The effects of the thiophene groups on photophysical properties of star-shaped/linear polymers were studied via time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence lifetimes were determined in THF as 400, 640, 730, and 820 ps for Star 3TPh, Linear 3TPh, Star 4T, and Linear 4T, respectively. A significant enhancement of the nonradiative rate constants k nr in the star-shaped polymers results in relatively lower fluorescence quantum yields and shorter fluorescence lifetimes compared to the corresponding linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken Kobori
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Division
of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Tenjincho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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3
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Zhou C, Hou C, Chen W, Wang L, Cheng J. Progress of Application of Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) in the Synthesis of Star Polymers. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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4
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5
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Sun Z, Unruean P, Aoki H, Kitiyanan B, Nomura K. Phenoxide-Modified Half-Titanocenes Supported on Star-Shaped ROMP Polymers as Catalyst Precursors for Ethylene Copolymerization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Palawat Unruean
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hirotaka Aoki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Boonyarach Kitiyanan
- The Petroleum and Petrochemicals College, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chulalongkorn 12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 minami Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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6
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Li R, Li X, Zhang Y, Delawder AO, Colley ND, Whiting EA, Barnes JC. Diblock brush-arm star copolymers via a core-first/graft-from approach using γ-cyclodextrin and ROMP: a modular platform for drug delivery. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble diblock brush-arm star copolymers using γ-CD-based core-first ring-opening metathesis polymerization, allowing for anticancer drug delivery via host–guest interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Yipei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Colley
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Emma A. Whiting
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
| | - Jonathan C. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry
- One Brookings Drive
- Washington University
- St Louis
- USA
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7
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Synthesis of Soluble Star-Shaped Polymers via In and Out Approach by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of Norbornene: Factors Affecting the Synthesis. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for one-pot synthesis of ‘soluble’ star-shaped polymers by sequential living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE) and cross-linking (CL) reagent using Mo(CHCMe2Ph)(N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)(OtBu)2 have been explored. The method (called the “in and out” or core-first approach) basically consists of (i) the living ROMP of NBE (formation of arm), (ii) reaction with CL (formation of core), (iii) additional living ROMP of NBE (propagating arms from the core, formation of star), (iv) end-modification via Wittig-type cleavage of metal–carbon double bonds containing polymer chain with aldehyde. Two different approaches in the core formation step (reaction with CL mixed with/without NBE) for synthesis of the high molecular weight star-shaped ROMP polymers with more branching, unimodal molecular weight distributions have been explored in detail. The method (reacting CL with NBE in the core formation step) under highly diluted conditions afforded the high molecular weight polymers with unimodal molecular weight distributions.
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8
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Golder MR, Nguyen HVT, Oldenhuis NJ, Grundler J, Park EJ, Johnson JA. Brush-First and ROMP-Out with Functional (Macro)monomers: Method Development, Structural Investigations, and Applications of an Expanded Brush-Arm Star Polymer Platform. Macromolecules 2018; 51:9861-9870. [PMID: 31303680 PMCID: PMC6625813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of complex functional polymeric nanomaterials is often challenging. Ru-initiated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of multivalent macromonomers followed by cross-linking to form brush-arm star (BASP) polymers enables access to well-defined nano-structures with diverse functionality. This "brush-first" method leaves active Ru in the BASP microgel core, which could potentially be used in a subsequent "ROMP-out" (RO) step to introduce further modifications to the BASP structure via the addition of (macro)monomers. Here, we study this RO approach in depth. The efficiency of RO is assessed for a variety of BASP compositions using a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and gel permeation chromatography. To demonstrate the modularity of the RO process, arylboronic acid-functionalized BASPs were prepared; uptake of these RO-BASPs into hypersialylated cancer cells was enhanced relative to non-functionalized BASPs as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the self-assembly of miktoarm BASPs prepared via brush-first and RO with different macromonomers is demonstrated. The combination of brush-first ROMP with RO provides a simple, modular strategy for access to a wide array of functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hung V.-T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nathan J. Oldenhuis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Julian Grundler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Ellane J. Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Avenue, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Sun Z, Nomura K. One-pot synthesis of end-functionalised soluble star-shaped polymers by living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27703-27708. [PMID: 35542730 PMCID: PMC9084289 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of soluble star-shaped polymers has been achieved by adopting living ring-opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) using a molybdenum-alkylidene catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linking agent; the method provides efficient one-pot synthesis of high molecular weight end-functionalised star-shaped polymers (Mn = >1.37 × 105) with more arms (branching) with rather low PDI values (Mw/Mn = 1.17–1.37) under the optimised conditions. Precise synthesis of star-shaped polymers has been achieved by living ROMP using a molybdenum catalyst with sequential addition of norbornene and cross-linker.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelin Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Kotohiro Nomura
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tokyo Metropolitan University
- Hachioji
- Japan
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10
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Thakur A, Baba R, Chammingkwan P, Terano M, Taniike T. Synthesis of aryloxide-containing half-titanocene catalysts grafted to soluble polynorbornene chains and their application in ethylene polymerization: Integration of multiple active centres in a random coil. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Qu F, Yang B, He Q, Bu W. Synthesis of platinum(ii) complex end functionalized star polymers: luminescence enhancements and unimolecular micelles in solvents of weakened quality. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00993c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platinum(ii) complex end functionalized star polymers have been synthesized by reacting K2PtCl4 with star ligands ended with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2′-yl)pyridine. They show luminescence enhancements and form unimolecular micelles in solvents of weakened quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Beihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Qun He
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
| | - Weifeng Bu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou City
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12
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Ren JM, McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Xu J, An Z, Shanmugam S, Davis TP, Boyer C, Qiao GG. Star Polymers. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6743-836. [PMID: 27299693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 515] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in controlled/living polymerization techniques and highly efficient coupling chemistries have enabled the facile synthesis of complex polymer architectures with controlled dimensions and functionality. As an example, star polymers consist of many linear polymers fused at a central point with a large number of chain end functionalities. Owing to this exclusive structure, star polymers exhibit some remarkable characteristics and properties unattainable by simple linear polymers. Hence, they constitute a unique class of technologically important nanomaterials that have been utilized or are currently under audition for many applications in life sciences and nanotechnologies. This article first provides a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies towards star polymers, then reviews the latest developments in the synthesis and characterization methods of star macromolecules, and lastly outlines emerging applications and current commercial use of star-shaped polymers. The aim of this work is to promote star polymer research, generate new avenues of scientific investigation, and provide contemporary perspectives on chemical innovation that may expedite the commercialization of new star nanomaterials. We envision in the not-too-distant future star polymers will play an increasingly important role in materials science and nanotechnology in both academic and industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing M Ren
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas G McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H H Wong
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zesheng An
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University , Shanghai 2000444, People's Republic of China
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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13
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Sarkar SM, Yusoff MM, Rahman ML. Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Mesoporous MCM-41-Supported Chiral Ru-Complex. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2012. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Catalytic hydrogen transfer of ketones over atomic layer deposited highly-dispersed platinum nanoparticles supported on multi-walled carbon nanotubes. CATAL COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Waldron C, Anastasaki A, McHale R, Wilson P, Li Z, Smith T, Haddleton DM. Copper-mediated living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) of lipophilic monomers from multi-functional initiators: reducing star–star coupling at high molecular weights and high monomer conversions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Nomura K, Takamizu K, Fujio T. Recent Progress for Synthesis of Advanced Functional Materials by Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Controlled Synthesis of Multi-Block, Brush, Star Polymers for Precise Placement/Integration of Functionality. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2013. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.71.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Gee YS, Abd El Kader KF, Hyland CJT. Synthetic methods: part (ii) oxidation and reduction methods. ANNUAL REPORTS SECTION "B" (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) 2013; 109:103. [DOI: 10.1039/c3oc90011h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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19
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Liu J, Burts AO, Li Y, Zhukhovitskiy AV, Ottaviani MF, Turro NJ, Johnson JA. “Brush-First” Method for the Parallel Synthesis of Photocleavable, Nitroxide-Labeled Poly(ethylene glycol) Star Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:16337-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3067176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Alan O. Burts
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Aleksandr V. Zhukhovitskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
| | - M. Francesca Ottaviani
- Department of Earth,
Life and
Environment Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Nicholas J. Turro
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New
York, New York 10027, United
States
| | - Jeremiah A. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
02139, United States
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