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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206631. [PMID: 35852813 PMCID: PMC9826306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines are at the frontier of biology and chemistry. The ability to control molecular motion and emulating the movement of biological systems are major steps towards the development of responsive and adaptive materials. Amazing progress has been seen for the design of molecular machines including light-induced unidirectional rotation of overcrowded alkenes. However, the feasibility of inducing unidirectional rotation about a single bond as a result of chemical conversion has been a challenging task. In this Review, an overview of approaches towards the design, synthesis, and dynamic properties of different classes of atropisomers which can undergo controlled switching or rotation under the influence of a chemical stimulus is presented. They are categorized as molecular switches, rotors, motors, and autonomous motors according to their type of response. Furthermore, we provide a future perspective and challenges focusing on building sophisticated molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands,Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceTohoku University6-3 Aramaki-Aza-AobaAobaku, Sendai980-8578Japan
| | - Romain Costil
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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2
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Inami H, Inagaki Y, Setaka W. Design of rotational potential in a phenyltriptycene molecular rotor by exploiting CH/π-interaction between tripticil hydrogen and phenyl. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7092-7098. [PMID: 36039900 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01179d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of artificial molecular rotors has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of molecular machines. Phenyltriptycene could be used as a stepwise molecular rotor because it is composed of a phenyl rotor and a triptycene stator, in which the rotational potential can be designed by introducing substituents. In this study, a novel design of the relative energies among three rotamers of a substituted phenyltriptycene by exploiting the CH/π-interaction between a peri-hydrogen and phenyl was investigated. First, the structures of two different phenyltriptycenes were compared to confirm CH/π-interactions. Second, the effects of the substituents of 1,4,5-trichloro-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyltriptycene on the relative energies were investigated by structural analysis, temperature-dependent nuclear magnetic resonance studies, and density functional theory calculations. The obtained results should facilitate the design of novel molecular switches and/or molecular rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazuki Inami
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Inagaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Wataru Setaka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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3
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Mondal A, Toyoda R, Costil R, Feringa BL. Chemically Driven Rotatory Molecular Machines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mondal
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ryojun Toyoda
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chmistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Romain Costil
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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4
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Wang H, Guan Q, Wang X. Theoretical study on pentiptycene molecular brake: photoinduced isomerization and photoinduced electron transfer. J Mol Model 2021; 27:289. [PMID: 34536143 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The isomerization of the double bond plays an important role in the braking and de-braking of the light-controlled molecular brake. Therefore, the pentiptycene-type (Pp-type) light-controlled molecular brake system ((E)- and (Z)-4'-pentiptycyl vinyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile) containing the C = C double bond was theoretically studied. Combining the 6-31G(d) basis set, the ωB97XD functional with dispersion correction was applied to implement the (E)-configuration and (Z)-configuration initial optimization. Next, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set, the relaxed potential energy surface scans of the rotation angle were operated, and then the optimization calculations of the transition states at the extremum high points. Analyzing the stagnation points and the rotational transition states on the potential energy profiles, the rotation mechanism and basic energy parameters of the molecular brake were obtained. Then, the DFT computations at ground states and the TD-DFT computations of vertical excitation energy were put into practice at the accuracy of the def-TZVP basis set for the two configurations, and using the natural transition orbital (NTO) analyses combining the excitation energies and absorption spectra, the electronic transition characteristics and electron transfer properties of light-controlled molecular brake were studied. Afterwards, in order to investigate the photoinduced isomerization reaction, the C = C double bond was scanned on the relaxed potential energy surface, and the intermediates of the isomerization reaction were searched and analyzed; thus, the braking mechanism of the light-controlled molecular brake was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Guan
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueye Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Wang H, Guan Q, Wang X. Theoretical research of covalent and controllable molecular brake based on 9-triptycene. Theor Chem Acc 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-021-02762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Nikitin K, Ortin Y, McGlinchey MJ. Dynamics of a Molecular Rotor Exhibiting Local Directional Rotational Preference within Each Enantiomer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2061-2068. [PMID: 33666434 PMCID: PMC8154598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Directional internal rotation in molecular systems, generally controlled by chirality, is known to occur in natural and artificial systems driven by light or fueled chemically, but spontaneous directional molecular rotation is believed to be forbidden. We have designed a molecular rotor, whereby ferrocene and triptycene linked by a methylene bridge provide two rotational degrees of freedom. On the basis of experimental observations, in conjunction with computational data, we show that the two different modes of rotation are strongly coupled and the spatial orientation of the bistable ferrocene moiety controls the barrier to its own rotation about the triptycene axis. It is proposed that the barrier to clockwise 120° rotation across each individual triptycene blade is lower in the M-enantiomer and for counterclockwise 120° rotation, it is lower in its P-counterpart. These findings demonstrate the possibility of locally preferred thermal directional intramolecular rotation for each dynamically interconverting enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yannick Ortin
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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7
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McGlinchey MJ, Nikitin K. Palladium-Catalysed Coupling Reactions En Route to Molecular Machines: Sterically Hindered Indenyl and Ferrocenyl Anthracenes and Triptycenes, and Biindenyls. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081950. [PMID: 32331469 PMCID: PMC7222022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalysed Stille and Suzuki cross-couplings were used to prepare 9-(3-indenyl)-, 6, and 9-(2-indenyl)-anthracene, 7; addition of benzyne led to the 9-Indenyl-triptycenes, 8 and 9. In 6, [4 + 2] addition also occurred to the indenyl substituent. Reaction of 6 through 9 with Cr(CO)6 or Re2(CO)10 gave their M(CO)3 derivatives, where the Cr or Re was complexed to a six- or five-membered ring, respectively. In the 9-(2-indenyl)triptycene complexes, slowed rotation of the paddlewheel on the NMR time-scale was apparent in the η5-Re(CO)3 case and, when the η6-Cr(CO)3 was deprotonated, the resulting haptotropic shift of the metal tripod onto the five-membered ring also blocked paddlewheel rotation, thus functioning as an organometallic molecular brake. Suzuki coupling of ferrocenylboronic acid to mono- or dibromoanthracene yielded the ferrocenyl anthracenes en route to the corresponding triptycenes in which stepwise hindered rotations of the ferrocenyl groups behaved like molecular dials. CuCl2-mediated coupling of methyl- and phenyl-indenes yielded their rac and meso 2,2′-biindenyls; surprisingly, however, the apparently sterically crowded rac 2,2′-Bis(9-triptycyl)biindenyl functioned as a freely rotating set of molecular gears. The predicted high rotation barrier in 9-phenylanthracene was experimentally validated via the Pd-catalysed syntheses of di(3-fluorophenyl)anthracene and 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-phenylanthracene.
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8
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Kammerer C, Erbland G, Gisbert Y, Nishino T, Yasuhara K, Rapenne G. Biomimetic and Technomimetic Single Molecular Machines. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yohan Gisbert
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Toshio Nishino
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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9
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Nikitin K, Müller-Bunz H, Guiry PJ, McGlinchey MJ. A mechanistic rationale for the outcome of Sonogashira cross-coupling of 9-bromoanthracene and ethynyltrimethylsilane: An unexpected product 4-(9-anthracenyl)-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)-3-en-1-yne. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Locke GM, Bernhard SSR, Senge MO. Nonconjugated Hydrocarbons as Rigid-Linear Motifs: Isosteres for Material Sciences and Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2019; 25:4590-4647. [PMID: 30387906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonconjugated hydrocarbons, like bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, triptycene, and cubane are a unique class of rigid linkers. Due to their similarity in size and shape they are useful mimics of classic benzene moieties in drugs, so-called bioisosteres. Moreover, they also fulfill an important role in material sciences as linear linkers, in order to arrange various functionalities in a defined spatial manner. In this Review article, recent developments and usages of these special, rectilinear systems are discussed. Furthermore, we focus on covalently linked, nonconjugated linear arrangements and discuss the physical and chemical properties and differences of individual linkers, as well as their application in material and medicinal sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M Locke
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Stefan S R Bernhard
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, 2, Ireland
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11
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Nikitin K, O'Gara R. Mechanisms and Beyond: Elucidation of Fluxional Dynamics by Exchange NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:4551-4589. [PMID: 30421834 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detailed mechanistic information is crucial to our understanding of reaction pathways and selectivity. Dynamic exchange NMR techniques, in particular 2D exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) and its modifications, provide indispensable intricate information on the mechanisms of organic and inorganic reactions and other phenomena, for example, the dynamics of interfacial processes. In this Review, key results from exchange NMR studies of small molecules over the last few decades are systemised and discussed. After a brief introduction to the theory, the key types of dynamic processes are identified and fundamental examples given of intra- and intermolecular reactions, which, in turn, could involve, or not, bond-making and bond-breaking events. Following that logic, internal molecular rotation, intramolecular stereomutation and molecular recognition will first be considered because they do not typically involve bond breaking. Then, rearrangements, substitution-type reactions, cyclisations, additions and other processes affecting chemical bonds will be discussed. Finally, interfacial molecular dynamics and unexpected combinations of different types of fluxional processes will also be highlighted. How exchange NMR spectroscopy helps to identify conformational changes, coordination and molecular recognition processes as well as quantify reaction energy barriers and extract detailed mechanistic information by using reaction rate theory in conjunction with computational techniques will be shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ryan O'Gara
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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12
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Nikitin K, Ortin Y, Müller-Bunz H, Gilheany DG, McGlinchey MJ. Syntheses, Structures and Dynamics of 9-(Ferrocenylmethyl)anthracene and Related Molecular Gears: Phosphorus to the Rescue! European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Yannick Ortin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Declan G. Gilheany
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
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13
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Abstract
Despite having significant applications in building nanomachines, molecular rotors with the rotational speed modulations to multiple stages in a wide range of frequency have not yet been well established. Here, we report the discovery of a stimuli-responsive molecular rotor, the rotational speed of which in the slow-to-fast range could be modulated to at least four stages triggered by acid/base and metal cations. The rotor itself rotates rapidly at ambient or elevated temperature but displays a restricted rotation after deprotonation due to the produced intramolecular electrostatic repulsion. Subsequent addition of Li+ or Na+ cations introduces an electrostatic bridge to stabilize the transition state of the deprotonated rotor, thus giving a cation-radius-dependent acceleration of the rotation to render the rotor running at a mid-speed. All the stimuli are highly reversible. Our studies provide a conceptual approach for constructing multistage rotational-speed-changing molecular rotors, and further, the practical nanomachines. Molecular rotors with rotational speed modulation have not yet been well established. Here, the authors report a pH and metal cation triggered molecular rotor, which allows for a four stage speed modulation in the slow-to-fast frequency range.
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14
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Puerta-Oteo R, Jiménez MV, Lahoz FJ, Modrego FJ, Passarelli V, Pérez-Torrente JJ. Zwitterionic Rhodium and Iridium Complexes Based on a Carboxylate Bridge-Functionalized Bis-N-heterocyclic Carbene Ligand: Synthesis, Structure, Dynamic Behavior, and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5526-5543. [PMID: 29624050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of water-soluble zwitterionic complexes featuring a carboxylate bridge-functionalized bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand of formula [Cp*MIIICl{(MeIm)2CHCOO}] and [MI(diene){(MeIm)2CHCOO}] (Cp* = 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; M = Rh, Ir; MeIm = 3-methylimidazol-2-yliden-1-yl; diene = 1,5-cyclooctadiene (cod), norbornadiene (nbd)) were prepared from the salt [(MeImH)2CHCOO]Br and suitable metal precursor. The solid-state structure of both types of complexes shows a boat-shaped six-membered metallacycle derived of the κ2C,C' coordination mode of the bis-NHC ligand. The uncoordinated carboxylate fragment is found at the bowsprit position in the Cp*MIII complexes, whereas in the MI(diene) complexes it is at the flagpole position of the metallacycle. The complexes [RhI(diene){(MeIm)2CHCOO}] (diene = cod, nbd) exist as two conformational isomers in dichloromethane, bowsprit and flagpole, that interconvert through the boat-to-boat inversion of the metallacycle. An inversion barrier of ∼17 kcal·mol-1 was determined by two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy NMR measurements for [RhI(cod){(MeIm)2CHCOO}]. Reaction of zwitterionic Cp*MIII complexes with methyl triflate or tetrafluoroboric acid affords the cationic complexes [Cp*MIIICl{(MeIm)2CHCOOMe}]+ or [Cp*MIIICl{(MeIm)2CHCOOH}]+ (M = Rh, Ir) featuring carboxy and methoxycarbonyl functionalized methylene-bridged bis-NHC ligands, respectively. Similarly, complexes [MI(diene){(MeIm)2CHCOOMe}]+ (M = Rh, Ir) were prepared by alkylation of the corresponding zwitterionic MI(diene) complexes with methyl triflate. In contrast, reaction of [IrI(cod){(MeIm)2CHCOO}] with HBF4·Et2O (Et = ethyl), CH3OTf, CH3I, or I2 gives cationic iridium(III) octahedral complexes [IrIIIX(cod){(MeIm)2CHCOO}]+ (X = H, Me, or I) featuring a tripodal coordination mode of the carboxylate bridge-functionalized bis-NHC ligand. The switch from κ2C,C' to κ3C,C',O coordination of the bis-NHC ligand accompanying the oxidative addition prevents the coordination of the anions eventually formed in the process that remain as counterions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Puerta-Oteo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - M Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Fernando J Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - F Javier Modrego
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain.,Centro Universitario de la Defensa , Ctra. Huesca s/n , ES-50090 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Jesús J Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea , Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias , C/Pedro Cerbuna, 12 , 50009 Zaragoza , Spain
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15
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García-González MC, Aguilar-Granda A, Zamudio-Medina A, Miranda LD, Rodríguez-Molina B. Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Emissive Molecular Rotors with Four-Component Ugi Stators. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2570-2581. [PMID: 29457731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The use of the multicomponent Ugi reaction to rapidly prepare a library of dumbbell-like molecular rotors is highlighted here. The synthetic strategy consisted of the atom-economic access to 15 bulky and structurally diverse iodinated stators, which were cross-coupled to the 1,4-diethynylphenylene rotator. From those experiments, up to six rotors 1a-c and 1l-n were obtained, with yields ranging from 35 to 69% per coupled C-C bond. In addition to the framework diversity, five of these compounds showed aggregate-enhanced emission properties thanks to their conjugated 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene cores, a property that rises by increasing the water fraction (fw) in their THF solutions. The results highlight the significance of the diversity-oriented synthesis of rapid access to new molecular fluorescent rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Carmen García-González
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Andrés Aguilar-Granda
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Angel Zamudio-Medina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Av. Acueducto s/n Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico
| | - Luis D Miranda
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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16
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Does alkali cation binding to aromatic ring retard the fluxional haptotropic migration? Evidences from density functional study. J CHEM SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-017-1382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Harrington LE, Britten JF, Nikitin K, McGlinchey MJ. A Synthetic, X-ray, NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Study of β-Naphthil Dihydrazone, Di(β-naphthyl)acetylene, Tetra(β-naphthyl)cyclopentadienone, and Hexa(β-naphthyl)-benzene: C 6
(C 10
H 7
) 6
Is a Disordered Molecular Propeller. Chempluschem 2017; 82:433-441. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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18
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Yu C, Ma L, He J, Xiang J, Deng X, Wang Y, Chen X, Jiang H. Flexible, Linear Chains Act as Baffles To Inhibit the Intramolecular Rotation of Molecular Turnstiles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15849-15852. [PMID: 27960355 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In artificial molecular devices, flexible, linear chains typically exhibit very weak capability in inhibiting molecular motion. Herein, we describe the dynamic properties of a series of molecular turnstiles consisting of a rigid frame and a phenyl rotator flanked with linear alkoxymethyl substituents. The long, flexible substituents act as elastic baffles to inhibit the rotations of the rotator at medium to fast speeds on the NMR time scale. When the rotator moves slowly, the substituents become more relaxed, thus obtaining an opportunity to completely thread through the cavity of the turnstiles. These findings reveal a basic but missing correlation between steric hindrance and speed of motion for flexible, linear chains in dynamic molecular devices, thus opening up a new direction toward molecular machines with more elaborate dynamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jiaojiao He
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuebin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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19
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Meng T, Yuan J, Han ZJ, Luo X, Wu QG, Liu SH, Chen J, Yu GA. Novel dinuclear and trinuclear ruthenium clusters derived from 2-aryl-substituted indenylphosphines via C─H bond cleavage. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Zhi-Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Xue Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Qing-Guo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry; Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
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20
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Yuan K, Wang X, Mellerup SK, Wyman I, Schatte G, Ding Z, Wang S. Triarylborane-Supported Polyferrocenyl Systems: Impact of the Linking Unit on Electronic and Electrochemical Properties. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Soren K. Mellerup
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ian Wyman
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gabriele Schatte
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic
Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Wang G, Ma L, Xiang J, Wang Y, Chen X, Che Y, Jiang H. 2,6-Pyridodicarboxamide-Bridged Triptycene Molecular Transmission Devices: Converting Rotation to Rocking Vibration. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11302-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxia Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry
of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lishuang Ma
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry
of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry
of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry
of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry
of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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22
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Sirven AM, Garbage R, Qiao Y, Kammerer C, Rapenne G. Synthesis of Functionalized Mono-, Bis-, and Trisethynyltriptycenes for One-Dimensional Self-Assembly on Surfaces. Chemistry 2015; 21:15013-9. [PMID: 26334027 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of triptycene-based building blocks that are able to interact through hydrogen bonds to form one-dimensional self-assembled motifs on surfaces. We designed 9,10-diethynyltriptycene derivatives functionalized at the ethynyl end groups by a variety of hydrogen-bonding groups for homomolecular recognition and complementary building blocks for heteromolecular recognition. We also present the synthesis of bis- and trisethynyltriptycenes with terminal alkyne functional groups available for on-surface azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction to expand the potential of the triptycene building block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès M Sirven
- NanoSciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France)
| | - Romain Garbage
- NanoSciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France)
| | - Yun Qiao
- NanoSciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France).,Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 (Japan)
| | - Claire Kammerer
- NanoSciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France).,Université de Toulouse, UPS, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France)
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- NanoSciences Group, CEMES, CNRS UPR 8011, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France). .,Université de Toulouse, UPS, 29 rue J. Marvig, 31055 Toulouse (France).
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23
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The effect of fluorine substitution on the conformation and aromaticity of η6-fluoro arene chromium tricarbonyl complexes – Density functional insights. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Rafiq SM, Sivasakthikumaran R, Karunakaran J, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of Annulated Anthracenes, Carbazoles, and Thiophenes Involving Bradsher-Type Cyclodehydration or Cyclization-Reductive-Dehydration Reactions. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Nikitin K, Muldoon J, Müller-Bunz H, McGlinchey MJ. A Ferrocenyl Kaleidoscope: Slow Interconversion of Six Diastereo-atropisomers of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-9,10-diferrocenyltriptycene. Chemistry 2015; 21:4664-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Rioja M, Hamon P, Roisnel T, Sinbandhit S, Fuentealba M, Letelier K, Saillard JY, Vega A, Hamon JR. [(η5-C5Me5)Ru]+ fragments ligated to polyaromatic hydrocarbons: an experimental and computational approach to pathways for haptotropic migration. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:316-29. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
DFT calculations indicated rather high activation energies for the thermally induced intramolecular inter-ring haptotropic migration of the [(η5-C5Me5)Ru+] moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Rioja
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Paul Hamon
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- France
| | | | | | - Karina Letelier
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- France
| | - Andrés Vega
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Santiago
- Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- UMR 6226 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1
- France
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27
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Yuan J, Han ZJ, Peng H, Pi YX, Chen Y, Liu SH, Yu GA. Indenyl Ruthenium Complexes with an Unusual η3 Coordination Mode. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500760w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Han
- Department
of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yun-Xiao Pi
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - You Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
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28
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Direct measurement of the diamagnetic anisotropy of the ferrocenyl moiety: The origin of unusual 1H NMR shifts in ferrocenyl-triptycenes and barrelenes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Brydges S, Gildea B, Grealis JP, Müller-Bunz H, Stradiotto M, Casey M, McGlinchey MJ. Organic and organometallic derivatives of pentaphenylbenzene, C6Ph5X: correlation of peripheral phenyl ring orientations with the steric bulk of “X”. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2013-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of C6Ph5X compounds, including X = H, Br, CO2H, CO2R, C[Formula: see text]CPh, cis-BrC=C(Br)Ph, 2-bornenyl, and ferrocenyl, have been characterized by use of X-ray crystallography. Also, the first organometallic complexes of pentaphenylbenzene have been prepared by reaction with chromium hexacarbonyl to yield (η6-C6Ph5H)Cr(CO)3 complexes in which the metal tripod is attached either to an ortho peripheral ring or to the central ring. Crystalline pentaphenylbenzoic acid exists as a hydrogen-bonded dimer; however, the steric bulk of the substituents does not allow the carboxylic acid moieties to be linked directly but instead via two bridging methanol molecules. In the solid state, the orientation of the peripheral rings in bulky C6Ph5X systems is very sensitive to the size of the “X” substituents, such that the twist angle of the para ring responds inversely with increasing bulk of “X”, which drives the ortho rings farther out of the plane of the central ring. The relevance of these observations to correlated motion in molecular propellers, and ultimately to molecular machines, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Brydges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brendan Gildea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John P. Grealis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mark Stradiotto
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4J3, Canada
| | - Michael Casey
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. McGlinchey
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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30
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Nikitin K, Müller-Bunz H, McGlinchey MJ. Diels–Alder Reactions of 9-Ferrocenyl- and 9,10-Diferrocenylanthracene: Steric Control of 9,10- versus 1,4-Cycloaddition. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400762f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael J. McGlinchey
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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31
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Fetisov EO, Gloriozov IP, Oprunenko YF, Saillard JY, Kahlal S. Influence of Ion Pairing in Inter-Ring Haptotropic Rearrangements in Cationic Cyclopentadienyl Complexes of Ruthenium with Naphthalene: A DFT Investigation. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4003335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. O. Fetisov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, 119899 Moscow,
Russia
| | - I. P. Gloriozov
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, 119899 Moscow,
Russia
| | - Yu. F. Oprunenko
- Chemistry Department, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorob’evy Gory, 119899 Moscow,
Russia
| | - J.-Y. Saillard
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042
Rennes cedex, France
| | - S. Kahlal
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042
Rennes cedex, France
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32
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Alibrandi G, Amendola V, Bergamaschi G, Dollenz R, Fabbrizzi L, Licchelli M, Lo Vecchio C. An Automatic Molecular Dispenser of Chloride. Chemistry 2013; 19:3729-34. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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