1
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Bisht SK, Sharma D, Kannan R, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Venugopal A. Quest for Active Species in Al/B-Catalyzed CO 2 Hydrosilylation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18543-18552. [PMID: 37906233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the catalytic role of aluminum and boron centers in aluminum borohydride [(2-Me2CH2C6H4)(C6H5)Al(μ-H)2B(C6H5)2] (6) during carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrosilylation. Preliminary investigations into CO2 reduction using [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(H)Al(μ-H)]2 (1) and [Ph3C][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (2) in the presence of Et3SiH and PhSiH3 resulted in CH2(OSiR3)2 and CH3OSiR3, which serve as formaldehyde and methanol surrogates, respectively. In pursuit of identifying the active catalytic species, three compounds, B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)3 (3), [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(3,5-C6H3Cl2)Al(μ-H)2B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)2] (4), and [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)2Al(THF)][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (5), were isolated. Among compounds 2-5, the highest catalytic conversion was achieved by 4. Further, 4 and 6 were prepared in a straightforward method by treating 1 with 3 and BPh3, respectively. 6 was found to be in equilibrium with 1 and BPh3, thus making the catalytic process of 6 more efficient than that of 4. Computational investigations inferred that CO2 reduction occurs across the Al-H bond, while Si-H activation occurs through a concerted mechanism involving an in situ generated aluminum formate species and BPh3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kathayat Bisht
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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2
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Kannan R, Chandrasekhar V. Four-membered C^N chelation in main-group organometallic chemistry. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1159-1176. [PMID: 36602433 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03494h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Main-group organometallic compounds containing four-membered C^N chelating rings are being studied because of the interest in harnessing the enhanced reactivity of such compounds which arises as a result of the release of steric strain. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on these systems. This review is organised in terms of the types of ligand systems that allow the assembly of such compounds, viz., compounds containing aliphatic amine motifs, pyridine motifs and aniline motifs. In addition to a discussion on the synthesis and structure, we also examine the reactivity and applications of the main-group element compounds involved. In particular, applications involving H2 activation, carbonyl activation, olefin reduction, C-H activation, hydroalumination, cyanamide oligomerisation, borylation of olefins and heteroarenes, isocyanate activation and C-C bond activation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, Telangana, India.
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500 046, Telangana, India. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-208 016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Joachim Gais
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Professor-Pirlet Strasse 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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4
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Aguillón AR, Leão RAC, Miranda LSM, de Souza ROMA. Cannabidiol Discovery and Synthesis-a Target-Oriented Analysis in Drug Production Processes. Chemistry 2021; 27:5577-5600. [PMID: 32780909 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current state of evidence and recommendations for cannabidiol (CBD) and its health effects change the legal landscape and aim to destigmatize its phytotherapeutic research. Recently, some countries have included CBD as an antiepileptic product for compassionate use in children with refractory epilepsy. The growing demand for CBD has led to the need for high-purity cannabinoids on the emerging market. The discovery and development of approaches toward CBD synthesis have arisen from the successful extraction of Cannabis plants for cannabinoid fermentation in brewer's yeast. To understand different contributions to the design and enhancement of the synthesis of CBD and its key intermediates, a detailed analysis of the history behind cannabinoid compounds and their optimization is provided herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson R Aguillón
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Raquel A C Leão
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-170, CEP, 21941-910, Brazil
| | - Leandro S M Miranda
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O M A de Souza
- Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, 21941-170, CEP, 21941-910, Brazil
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5
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Kannan R, Chambenahalli R, Kumar S, Krishna A, Andrews AP, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Organoaluminum cations for carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14629-14632. [PMID: 31746857 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In search of stable, yet reactive aluminum Lewis acids, we have isolated an organoaluminum cation, [(Me2NC6H4)2Al(C4H8O)2]+, coordinated with two labile tetrahydrofuran ligands. Its catalytic performance in aldehyde dimerization reveals turn-over frequencies reaching up to 6000 h-1, exceeding that of the reported main group catalysts. The cation is further demonstrated to catalyze hydroelementation of ketones. Mechanistic investigations reveal that aldehyde dimerization and ketone hydrosilylation occur through carbonyl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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6
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Demangeat C, Saied T, Ramozzi R, Ingrosso F, Ruiz-Lopez M, Panossian A, Leroux FR, Fort Y, Comoy C. Transition-Metal-Free Approach for the Direct Arylation of Thiophene: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations towards the (Het)-Aryne Route. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Demangeat
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, L2CM UMR7053; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Tarak Saied
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, L2CM UMR7053; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Francesca Ingrosso
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Manuel Ruiz-Lopez
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Armen Panossian
- Université de Strasbourg; Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, ECPM; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Frédéric R. Leroux
- Université de Strasbourg; Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, LIMA, UMR 7042, ECPM; 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Yves Fort
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, L2CM UMR7053; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Corinne Comoy
- Université de Lorraine; CNRS, L2CM UMR7053; B.P. 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
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7
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Yang M, Pati N, Bélanger-Chabot G, Hirai M, Gabbaï FP. Influence of the catalyst structure in the cycloaddition of isocyanates to oxiranes promoted by tetraarylstibonium cations. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11843-11850. [PMID: 29697133 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the context of our work on electron deficient group 15 cations as Lewis acid catalysts, we have synthesized the triflate salts of a series of tetraarylstibonium cations of general formula [ArSbPh3]+ with Ar = Mes (4+), o-(dimethylamino)phenyl (5+), and o-((dimethylamino)methyl)phenyl (6+). These new cationic antimony derivatives, along with the known [Ph4Sb]+ (1+), 1-naphthyltriphenylstibonium (2+), and [(Ant)SbPh3]+ (3+), have been evaluated as catalysts for the cycloaddition of oxiranes and isocyanates under mild conditions. While all stibonium cations favor the 3,4-oxazolidinone products, the reactivities of 5+ and 6+ are hindered by the ancillary amino donor which quenches the Lewis acidity of the antimony center. A comparison of the other stibonium cations shows that 4+ is the most selective catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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8
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Slocum DW, Jennings JA, Reinscheld TK, Whitley PE. Focused
ortho
‐Lithiation and Functionalization of
p
‐Bromo‐ and
p
‐Iodoanisole. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Slocum
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - John A. Jennings
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - Thomas K. Reinscheld
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - Paul E. Whitley
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 1906 College Heights Blvd 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
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9
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Reddy LR, Kotturi S, Waman Y, Patel C, Danidharia M, Shenoy R. Asymmetric Synthesis of α-(Diarylmethyl) Alkyl Amines through Regioselective Lithiation of α-Diarylmethanes and the Diastereoselective Addition to Ellman’s Imines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:6573-6579. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leleti Rajender Reddy
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Sharadsrikar Kotturi
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Yogesh Waman
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Megha Danidharia
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Rajesh Shenoy
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
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10
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Zhu R, Liu Z, Chen J, Xiong X, Wang Y, Huang L, Bai J, Dang Y, Huang J. Preparation of Thioanisole Biscarbanion and C-H Lithiation/Annulation Reactions for the Access of Five-Membered Heterocycles. Org Lett 2018; 20:3161-3165. [PMID: 29791164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, isolation, and X-ray structure of a thioanisole-based trilithium complex are reported. On the basis of the double-lithiation strategy, two novel synthetic methodologies have been developed under mild reaction conditions (room temperature): (1) reactions of lithiated thioanisoles with nitriles give benzoisothiazoles via a [3 + 2]-type of approach with two new bond formations and (2) formation of benzothiophenes from thioanisoles and amides through a [4 + 1] pattern forming 4 new chemical bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Zheyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yuntao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jinshan Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road , Nankai District, Tianjin 300072 , China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin 300072 , China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency , Tianjin 300072 , China
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11
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Reddy LR, Kotturi S, Waman Y, Patel C, Patwa A, Shenoy R. Diastereoselective addition of anisoles to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines via four-membered lithium cycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7007-7009. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03764g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A highly regio- and diastereo-selective ortho-lithiation/addition of anisoles to N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines resulting in the selective formation of chiral α-branched amines is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yogesh Waman
- Piramal Discovery Solutions
- Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone
- Ahmedabad
- India
| | - Chirag Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions
- Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone
- Ahmedabad
- India
| | - Aditya Patwa
- Piramal Discovery Solutions
- Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone
- Ahmedabad
- India
| | - Rajesh Shenoy
- Piramal Discovery Solutions
- Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone
- Ahmedabad
- India
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12
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Slocum DW, Maulden EA, Whitley PE, Reinscheld TK, Jackson CS, Maddox JB. Anomalous
ortho
‐Proton Acidities of the
para
‐Haloanisoles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. W. Slocum
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - Emily A. Maulden
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - Paul E. Whitley
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | | | - Colleen S. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
| | - Jeremy B. Maddox
- Department of Chemistry Western Kentucky University 42101 Bowling Green KY USA
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13
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Concise synthesis of the bioactive natural polyhydroxynaphthoate parvinaphthol B via Hauser-Kraus annulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Zarate C, Nakajima M, Martin R. A Mild and Ligand-Free Ni-Catalyzed Silylation via C-OMe Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1191-1197. [PMID: 28030761 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed transformations that forge carbon-heteroatom bonds are of central importance in organic synthesis. Despite the formidable potential of aryl methyl ethers as coupling partners, the scarcity of metal-catalyzed C-heteroatom bond formations via C-OMe cleavage is striking, with isolated precedents requiring specialized, yet expensive, ligands, high temperatures, and π-extended backbones. We report an unprecedented catalytic ipso-silylation of aryl methyl ethers under mild conditions and without recourse to external ligands. The method is distinguished by its wide scope, which includes the use of benzyl methyl ethers, vinyl methyl ethers, and unbiased anisole derivatives, thus representing a significant step forward for designing new C-heteroatom bond formations via C-OMe scission. Applications of this transformation in orthogonal silylation techniques as well as in further derivatizations are also described. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest the intermediacy of Ni(0)-ate complexes, leaving some doubt that a canonical catalytic cycle consisting of an initial oxidative addition of the C-OMe bond to Ni(0) species comes into play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayetana Zarate
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Masaki Nakajima
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,ICREA , Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Ueno A, Takimoto M, Hou Z. Synthesis of 2-aryloxy butenoates by copper-catalysed allylic C–H carboxylation of allyl aryl ethers with carbon dioxide. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2370-2375. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
2-Aryloxy butenoates were efficiently synthesized by deprotonative alumination of ally aryl ethers and subsequent Cu-catalysed carboxylation with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ueno
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Masanori Takimoto
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory
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16
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Hansen MJ, Lerch MM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Direct and Versatile Synthesis of Red-Shifted Azobenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13514-13518. [PMID: 27665723 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of azobenzenes with bathochromically-shifted absorption bands is presented. It employs an ortho-lithiation of aromatic substrates, followed by a coupling reaction with aryldiazonium salts. The products are obtained with good to excellent yields after simple purification. Moreover, with the presented methodology, a structurally diverse panel of different azobenzenes, including unsymmetric tetra-ortho-substituted ones, can be readily obtained, which paves the way for future development of red-light-addressable azobenzene derivatives for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickel J Hansen
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael M Lerch
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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17
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Hansen MJ, Lerch MM, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Direct and Versatile Synthesis of Red-Shifted Azobenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickel J. Hansen
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Michael M. Lerch
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology; University of Groningen; University Medical Center Groningen; Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry; University of Groningen; Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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18
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Manvar A, Fleming P, O'Shea DF. General Ambient Temperature Benzylic Metalations Using Mixed-Metal Li/K-TMP Amide. J Org Chem 2015; 80:8727-38. [PMID: 26280940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly regioselective benzylic metalations in hydrocarbon solvent have been achieved at rt and 0 °C using a mixed-metal Li/K-TMP amide comprised of KOtBu, BuLi, and 2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP(H)). Mixing of KOtBu, BuLi, and TMP(H) in heptane gave a solution of the base mixture which when used in deuterium labeling experiments confirmed the requirement of the three reagent components for both reactivity and selectivity. The reaction protocol is operationally straightforward and found to be applicable to a broad range of substrates. Upon generation of the metalated products, they are reacted in heptane at ambient temperature in a variety of synthetically useful ways. Illustrated examples include generation of the benzyltrimethylsilanes and α,α-bis(trimethylsilyl)toluenes reagents, which are bench-stable surrogates of benzyl anions and α-silyl carbanions utilized for nucleophilic addition and Peterson olefination reactions. Direct C-C couplings mediated by 1,2-dibromoethane provided entries into bibenzyls and [2.2]metacyclophanes. Comparison of reaction outcomes with the same reactions carried out in THF at -78 °C showed no negative effects for conducting the reactions under these milder more user-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Manvar
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fleming
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Donal F O'Shea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin 2, Ireland.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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19
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Zenzola M, Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Mastrorilli P, Rizzi R, Pisano L, Luisi R. Harnessing theortho-Directing Ability of the Azetidine Ring for the Regioselective and Exhaustive Functionalization of Arenes. Chemistry 2014; 20:12190-200. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Ghalib M, Jones PG, Lysenko S, Heinicke JW. Enantiomerically Pure N Chirally Substituted 1,3-Benzazaphospholes: Synthesis, Reactivity toward tBuLi, and Conversion to Functionalized Benzazaphospholes and Catalytically Useful Dihydrobenzazaphospholes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om401184n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ghalib
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische
Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sergej Lysenko
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische
Chemie der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, 38023 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joachim W. Heinicke
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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21
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Degennaro L, Zenzola M, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Falcicchio A, Luisi R. Regioselective functionalization of 2-arylazetidines: evaluating the ortho-directing ability of the azetidinyl ring and the α-directing ability of the N-substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1698-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Hevia E, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Ramsay DL, Robertson SD. Concealed Cyclotrimeric Polymorph of Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide Unconcealed: X-Ray Crystallographic and NMR Spectroscopic Studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:14069-75. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Reich HJ. Role of Organolithium Aggregates and Mixed Aggregates in Organolithium Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7130-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400187u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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24
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Armstrong DR, Garden JA, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Modifying alkylzinc reactivity with 2,2'-dipyridylamide: activation of tBu-Zn bonds for para-alkylation of benzophenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:7190-3. [PMID: 23740807 PMCID: PMC4499259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow (UK)
| | - Jennifer A Garden
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow (UK)
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow (UK)
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow (UK)
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of StrathclydeGlasgow (UK)
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25
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Armstrong DR, Garden JA, Kennedy AR, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Modifying Alkylzinc Reactivity with 2,2′-Dipyridylamide: Activation oftBuZn Bonds forpara-Alkylation of Benzophenone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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