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Phosphorus stabilization of the carbene function in P-analogues of non-cyclic carbenes, N-heterocyclic carbenes and cyclic(alkyl)-(amino)carbenes − an assessment on basis of geometry, 13C, 31P chemical shifts and the anisotropy effects of the carbene electron deficient centres. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Abstract
Ligands, especially phosphines and carbenes, can play a key role in modifying and controlling homogeneous organometallic catalysts, and they often provide a convenient approach to fine-tuning the performance of known catalysts. The measurable outcomes of such catalyst modifications (yields, rates, selectivity) can be set into context by establishing their relationship to steric and electronic descriptors of ligand properties, and such models can guide the discovery, optimization, and design of catalysts. In this review we present a survey of calculated ligand descriptors, with a particular focus on homogeneous organometallic catalysis. A range of different approaches to calculating steric and electronic parameters are set out and compared, and we have collected descriptors for a range of representative ligand sets, including 30 monodentate phosphorus(III) donor ligands, 23 bidentate P,P-donor ligands, and 30 carbenes, with a view to providing a useful resource for analysis to practitioners. In addition, several case studies of applications of such descriptors, covering both maps and models, have been reviewed, illustrating how descriptor-led studies of catalysis can inform experiments and highlighting good practice for model comparison and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Durand
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
| | - Natalie Fey
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol BS8 1TS , U.K
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3
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Bharadwaz P, Dewhurst RD, Phukan AK. Metal-Free Activation of Enthalpically Strong Bonds: Unraveling the Potential of Hitherto Unexplored Singlet Carbenes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Bharadwaz
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam -; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron; Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg; Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam -; 784 028 Assam India
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4
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Dutta S, Maity B, Thirumalai D, Koley D. Computational Investigation of Carbene–Phosphinidenes: Correlation between 31P Chemical Shifts and Bonding Features to Estimate the π-Backdonation of Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Bholanath Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - D. Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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5
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Bharadwaz P, Chetia P, Phukan AK. Electronic and Ligand Properties of Skeletally Substituted Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes (CAACs) and Their Reactivity towards Small Molecule Activation: A Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2017; 23:9926-9936. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Bharadwaz
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Pubali Chetia
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napam; 784 028 Assam India
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6
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Kirilchuk AA, Rozhenko AB, Leszczynski J. On structure and stability of pyrimidine ylidenes and their homologues. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Borthakur B, Silvi B, Dewhurst RD, Phukan AK. Theoretical strategies toward stabilization of singlet remote N-heterocyclic carbenes. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1484-90. [PMID: 27010516 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical investigations predict that the singlet states of ylide-substituted remote carbenes are significantly stable and comparable to those of experimentally known NHCs. They are also found to be strongly σ-donating in nature as evident from an evaluation of the carbonyl stretching frequencies (νCO ) of their complexes with the [Rh(CO)2 Cl] fragment. NICS and QTAIM based bond magnetizability calculations indicate the presence of cyclic electron delocalization in majority of the molecules. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitupon Borthakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Bernard Silvi
- UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR 7616, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Rian D Dewhurst
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | - Ashwini K Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, 784028, India
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8
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Schmidt A, Wiechmann S, Otto CF. N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Ghambarian M, Azizi Z, Ghashghaee M. Saturated Five-membered N,B-Heterocyclic Carbene: A Computational Study. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ghambarian
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University
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10
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Collins LR, Riddlestone IM, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. A Comparison of the Stability and Reactivity of Diamido‐ and Diaminocarbene Copper Alkoxide and Hydride Complexes. Chemistry 2015; 21:14075-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee R. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Ian M. Riddlestone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
| | - Michael K. Whittlesey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK), Fax: (+44) 1225‐386‐231
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11
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Abstract
The effect of ylide substitution at the α position to the carbene carbon (Cc ) atom on the stability and σ-donating ability of a number of cyclic carbenes has been studied theoretically. The stabilities of all of the carbenes were investigated from an evaluation of their singlet-triplet energy gaps and stabilization energies. All carbenes were found to have a stable singlet state. The energy of the σ-symmetric lone-pair orbital at the Cc atom increases as a result of the introduction of ylide centers near to the Cc atom. This indicates an enhanced σ-donating ability of the ylide-containing carbenes. The calculated carbonyl-stretching frequencies of the corresponding rhodium complexes, proton affinities, and nucleophilicity index values correlate well with the σ basicity of the carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitupon Borthakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam-784 028, Assam (India)
| | - Ashwini K Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napam-784 028, Assam (India).
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12
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Ruiz J, García L, Vivanco M, Berros Á, Van der Maelen JF. Generating and Trapping Metalla-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4212-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Ruiz J, García L, Vivanco M, Berros Á, Van der Maelen JF. Generating and Trapping Metalla-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Bharadwaz P, Borthakur B, Phukan AK. Annulated boron substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes: theoretical prediction of highly electrophilic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:18656-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03501e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Annulated boron substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes are found to have significantly enhanced π-accepting ability which is further corroborated by 31P NMR shift calculations of the phosphinidene adducts of these carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Bharadwaz
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tezpur University
- Napaam 784028
- India
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16
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Borthakur B, Rahman T, Phukan AK. Tuning the Electronic and Ligand Properties of Remote Carbenes: A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10801-10. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5016807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bitupon Borthakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Taskia Rahman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
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17
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Guha AK, Phukan AK. Theoretical Study on the Effect of Annelation and Carbonylation on the Electronic and Ligand Properties of N-Heterocyclic Silylenes and Germylenes: Carbene Comparisons begin To Break Down. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3830-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500117t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Kanti Guha
- Department
of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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18
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Pudasaini B, Janesko BG. Agostic Interactions in Nickel(II) Complexes: Trans Influence of Ancillary Ligands on the Strength of the Bond. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400731j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Pudasaini
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort
Worth, Texas 76129, United States
| | - Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas Christian University, Box 298860, Fort
Worth, Texas 76129, United States
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19
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Phukan AK, Guha AK, Sarmah S, Dewhurst RD. Electronic and Ligand Properties of Annelated Normal and Abnormal (Mesoionic) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: A Theoretical Study. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11032-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini K. Phukan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ankur Kanti Guha
- Department
of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Satyajit Sarmah
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam 784028, Assam, India
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institut
für Anorganische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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