1
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Swann MT, Nicholas KM. Structural Effects on Dioxygen Evolution from Ru(V)−Oxo Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Swann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman OK 73069 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman OK 73069 USA
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2
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Zhang XP, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. O–O bond formation mechanisms during the oxygen evolution reaction over synthetic molecular catalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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3
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van Dijk B, Rodriguez GM, Wu L, Hofmann JP, Macchioni A, Hetterscheid DGH. The Influence of the Ligand in the Iridium Mediated Electrocatalyic Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2020; 10:4398-4410. [PMID: 32280560 PMCID: PMC7137537 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Electrochemical
water oxidation is the bottleneck of electrolyzers
as even the best catalysts, iridium and ruthenium oxides, have to
operate at significant overpotentials. Previously, the position of
a hydroxyl on a series of hydroxylpicolinate ligands was found to
significantly influence the activity of molecular iridium catalysts
in sacrificial oxidant driven water oxidation. In this study, these
catalysts were tested under electrochemical conditions and benchmarked
to several other known molecular iridium catalysts under the exact
same conditions. This allowed us to compare these catalysts directly
and observe whether structure–activity relationships would
prevail under electrochemical conditions. Using both electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
we found that all studied iridium complexes form an iridium deposit
on the electrode with binding energies ranging from 62.4 to 62.7 eV
for the major Ir 4f7/2 species. These do not match the
binding energies found for the parent complexes, which have a broader
binding energy range from 61.7 to 62.7 eV and show a clear relationship
to the electronegativity induced by the ligands. Moreover, all catalysts
performed the electrochemical water oxidation in the same order of
magnitude as the maximum currents ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mA cm–2 once more without clear structure–activity
relationships. In addition, by employing 1H NMR spectroscopy
we found evidence for Cp* breakdown products such as acetate. Electrodeposited
iridium oxide from ligand free [Ir(OH)6]2– or a colloidal iridium oxide nanoparticles solution produces currents
almost 2 orders of magnitude higher with a maximum current of 11 mA
cm–2. Also, this deposited material contains, apart
from an Ir 4f7/2 species at 62.4 eV, an Ir species at 63.6
eV, which is not observed for any deposit formed by the molecular
complexes. Thus, the electrodeposited material of the complexes cannot
be directly linked to bulk iridium oxide. Small IrOx clusters
containing few Ir atoms with partially incorporated ligand residues
are the most likely option for the catalytically active electrodeposit.
Our results emphasize that structure–activity relationships
obtained with sacrificial oxidants do not necessarily translate to
electrochemical conditions. Furthermore, other factors, such as electrodeposition
and catalyst degradation, play a major role in the electrochemically
driven water oxidation and should thus be considered when optimizing
molecular catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Dijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Longfei Wu
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Laboratory for Inorganic Materials and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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4
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Madadkhani S, Allakhverdiev SI, Najafpour MM. An iridium-based nanocomposite prepared from an iridium complex with a hydrocarbon-based ligand. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02257h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a chlorobis(cyclooctene)iridium(i) dimer with only a simple hydrocarbon-based ligand is investigated as a heterogeneous catalyst for the oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of cerium(iv) ammonium nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Madadkhani
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | - Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 127276
- Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming
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5
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Orbelli Biroli A, Tessore F, Di Carlo G, Pizzotti M, Benazzi E, Gentile F, Berardi S, Bignozzi CA, Argazzi R, Natali M, Sartorel A, Caramori S. Fluorinated Zn II Porphyrins for Dye-Sensitized Aqueous Photoelectrosynthetic Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32895-32908. [PMID: 31429275 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three perfluorinated ZnII porphyrins were evaluated as n-type sensitizers in photoelectrosynthetic cells for HBr and water splitting. All the dyes are featured by the presence of pentafluorophenyl electron-withdrawing groups to increase the ground-state oxidation potential and differ for the nature and position of the π-conjugate linker between the core and anchoring group tasked to bind the metal oxide, in order to assess the best way of coupling with the semiconductor. A phenyl-triazole moiety was used to link the carboxylic anchoring group onto the meso position, while an ethynyl-phenyl linker was chosen to bridge carboxylic and cyanoacrylic groups onto the β-pyrrolic position. A combination of electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic investigations confirmed the strong electron-withdrawing effect of the perfluorinated porphyrin core, which assures all the investigated dyes of the high oxidation potential required to the coupling with water oxidation catalysts (WOC). Such an electron-poor core, however, affects the charge separation character of the dyes, as demonstrated by the spatial distribution of the excited states, leading to a nonquantitative charge injection, although tilting of the molecules on the semiconductor surface could bring the porphyrin ring closer to the semiconductor, offering additional charge-transfer pathways. Indeed, all the dyes demonstrated successful in the splitting of both aqueous HBr and water, with the best results found for the SnO2/TiO2 photoanode sensitized with the β-substituted porphyrin equipped with a cyanoacrylic terminal group, achieving 0.4 and 0.1 mA/cm2 photoanodic currents in HBr and water under visible light, respectively. The faradaic yield for oxygen evolution in the presence of an IrIV catalyst was over 95%, and the photoanode operation was stable for more than 1000 s. Thus, the perfluorinated porphyrins with a cyanoacrylic anchoring group at the β-position should be considered for further development to improve the charge-transfer character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Orbelli Biroli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies of the National Research Council (CNR-ISTM), SmartMatLab Centre , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Francesca Tessore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Maddalena Pizzotti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Milano, INSTM RU , via Golgi 19 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italy
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6
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Haiduc I. ReviewInverse coordination. Organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers. A survey of molecular topologies and systematization. Part 1. Five-membered and smaller rings. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1641702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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7
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Wright AM, Pahls DR, Gary JB, Warner T, Williams JZ, M Knapp SM, Allen KE, Landis CR, Cundari TR, Goldberg KI. Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Aerobic Oxidation of a Late Transition Metal-Hydride. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10830-10843. [PMID: 31259542 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The rational development of homogeneous catalytic systems for selective aerobic oxidations of organics has been hampered by the limited available knowledge of how oxygen reacts with important organometallic intermediates. Recently, several mechanisms for oxygen insertion into late transition metal-hydride bonds have been described. Contributing to this nascent understanding of how oxygen reacts with metal-hydrides, a detailed mechanistic study of the reaction of oxygen with the IrIII hydride complex (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)(H) (1) in the presence of acetic acid, which proceeds to form the IrIII complex (dmPhebox)Ir(OAc)2(OH2) (2), is described. The evidence supports a multifaceted mechanism wherein a small amount of an initially formed metal hydroperoxide proceeds to generate a metal-oxyl species that then initiates a radical chain reaction to rapidly convert the remaining IrIII-H. Insight into the initiation step was gained through kinetic and mechanistic studies of the radical chain inhibition by BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). Computational studies were employed to contribute to a further understanding of initiation and propagation in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Wright
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Dale R Pahls
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - J Brannon Gary
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Stephen F. Austin State University , P.O. Box 13006, SFA Station , Nacogdoches , Texas 75962-3006 , United States
| | - Theresa Warner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - Jacob Z Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - Spring Melody M Knapp
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53719 , United States
| | - Kate E Allen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Clark R Landis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53719 , United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM) , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle, #305070 , Denton , Texas 76203-5017 , United States
| | - Karen I Goldberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Box 351700, Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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8
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N,N,O Pincer Ligand with a Deprotonatable Site That Promotes Redox‐Leveling, High Mn Oxidation States, and a Mn
2
O
2
Dimer Competent for Catalytic Oxygen Evolution. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Puerta-Oteo R, Jiménez MV, Pérez-Torrente JJ. Molecular water oxidation catalysis by zwitterionic carboxylate bridge-functionalized bis-NHC iridium complexes. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carboxylate functionalized bis-NHC ligands allow for the stabilization of high-valent iridium intermediate species involved in homogeneous water oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Puerta-Oteo
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC)
- University of Zaragoza-CSIC
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 50009 Zaragoza
| | - M. Victoria Jiménez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC)
- University of Zaragoza-CSIC
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 50009 Zaragoza
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH-CSIC)
- University of Zaragoza-CSIC
- Facultad de Ciencias
- 50009 Zaragoza
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10
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Sackville EV, Marken F, Hintermair U. Electrochemical and Kinetic Insights into Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Derived from Cp*Ir(pyridine-alkoxide) Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018; 10:4280-4291. [PMID: 31007774 PMCID: PMC6470865 DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the solution-phase electrochemistry of seven half-sandwich iridium(III) complexes with varying pyridine-alkoxide ligands to quantify electronic ligand effects that translate to their activity in catalytic water oxidation. Our results unify some previously reported electrochemical data of Cp*Ir complexes by showing how the solution speciation determines the electrochemical response: cationic complexes show over 1 V higher redox potentials that their neutral forms in a distinct demonstration of charge accumulation effects relevant to water oxidation. Building on previous work that analysed the activation behaviour of our pyalk-ligated Cp*Ir complexes 1-7, we assess their catalytic oxygen evolution activity with sodium periodate (NaIO4) and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) in water and aqueous tBuOH solution. Mechanistic studies including H/D kinetic isotope effects and reaction progress kinetic analysis (RPKA) of oxygen evolution point to a dimer-monomer equilibrium of the IrIV resting state preceding a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in the turnover-limiting step (TLS). Finally, true electrochemically driven water oxidation is demonstrated for all catalysts, revealing surprising trends in activity that do not correlate with those obtained using chemical oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sackville
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUnited Kingdom
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11
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Revisiting O–O Bond Formation through Outer‐Sphere Water Molecules versus Bimolecular Mechanisms in Water‐Oxidation Catalysis (WOC) by Cp*Ir Based Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Iglesias M, Oro LA. A leap forward in iridium-NHC catalysis: new horizons and mechanistic insights. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:2772-2808. [PMID: 29557434 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00743d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises the most recent advances in Ir-NHC catalysis while revisiting all the classical reactions in which this type of catalyst has proved to be active. The influence of the ligand system and, in particular, the impact of the NHC ligand on the activity and selectivity of the reaction have been analysed, accompanied by an examination of the great variety of catalytic cycles hitherto reported. The reaction mechanisms so far proposed are described and commented on for each individual process. Moreover, some general considerations that attempt to explain the influence of the NHC from a mechanistic viewpoint are presented at the end of the review. The first sections are dedicated to the most widely explored reactions that use Ir-NHCs, i.e., hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation, for which a general overview that tries to compile all the Ir-NHC catalysts hitherto reported for these processes is provided. The next sections deal with hydrogen borrowing, hydrosilylation, water splitting, dehydrogenation (of alcohols, alkanes, aminoboranes and formic acid), hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE), signal amplification by reversible exchange and C-H bond functionalisation (silylation and borylation). The last section compiles a series of reactions somewhat less explored for Ir-NHC catalysts that include the hydroalkynylation of imines, hydroamination, diboration of olefins, hydrolysis and methanolysis of silanes, arylation of aldehydes with boronic acids, addition of aroyl chlorides to alkynes, visible light driven reactions, isomerisation of alkenes, asymmetric intramolecular allylic amination and reactions that employ heterometallic catalysts containing at least one Ir-NHC unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Iglesias
- Departamento Química Inorgánica - ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Luis A Oro
- Departamento Química Inorgánica - ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain. and King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Esteruelas MA, Gay MP, Oñate E. Conceptual Extension of the Degradation–Transformation of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Unusual Rearrangements on Osmium. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Pilar Gay
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, San-Torcuato A, Tsai JY, Xia C. Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with a Dianionic C,C,C,C-Tetradentate Ligand. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa San-Torcuato
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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15
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Zamorano A, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Activation of Small Molecules by the Metal–Amido Bond of Rhodium(III) and Iridium(III) (η5-C5Me5)M-Aminopyridinate Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:150-162. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zamorano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Mahanti B, González Miera G, Martínez-Castro E, Bedin M, Martín-Matute B, Ott S, Thapper A. Homogeneous Water Oxidation by Half-Sandwich Iridium(III) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Pendant Hydroxy and Amino Groups. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4616-4623. [PMID: 28885785 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report three IrIII Cp* complexes with hydroxy- or amino-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that catalyze efficient water oxidation induced by addition of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN). The pendant hydroxy or amino groups are very important for activity, and the complexes with heteroatom-functionalized NHC ligands show up to 15 times higher rates of oxygen evolution in CAN-induced water oxidation than a reference IrIII Cp* complex without heteroatom functionalization. The formation of molecular high-valent Ir intermediates that are presumably involved in the rate-determining step for water oxidation is established by UV/Vis spectroscopy and ESI-MS under turnover conditions. The hydroxy groups on the NHC ligands, as well as chloride ligands on the iridium center are proposed to structurally stabilize the high-valent species, and thereby improve the catalytic activity. The IrIII complex with a hydroxy-functionalized NHC shows the highest catalytic activity with a TON of 2500 obtained in 3 h and with >90 % yield relative to the amount of oxidant used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Mahanti
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greco González Miera
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Martínez-Castro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michele Bedin
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Belén Martín-Matute
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Thapper
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Menendez Rodriguez G, Gatto G, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Benchmarking Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Iridium Complexes: Clues and Doubts on the Nature of Active Species. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4503-4509. [PMID: 28994240 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation (WO) is a central reaction in the photo- and electro-synthesis of fuels. Iridium complexes have been successfully exploited as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) with remarkable performances. Herein, we report a systematic study aimed at benchmarking well-known Ir WOCs, when NaIO4 is used to drive the reaction. In particular, the following complexes were studied: cis-[Ir(ppy)2 (H2 O)2 ]OTf (ppy=2-phenylpyridine) (1), [Cp*Ir(H2 O)3 ]NO3 (Cp*=1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl-cyclopentadienyl anion) (2), [Cp*Ir(bzpy)Cl] (bzpy=2-benzoylpyridine) (3), [Cp*IrCl2 (Me2 -NHC)] (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) (4), [Cp*Ir(pyalk)Cl] (pyalk=2-pyridine-isopropanoate) (5), [Cp*Ir(pic)NO3 ] (pic=2-pyridine-carboxylate) (6), [Cp*Ir{(P(O)(OH)2 }3 ]Na (7), and mer-[IrCl3 (pic)(HOMe)]K (8). Their reactivity was compared with that of IrCl3 ⋅n H2 O (9) and [Ir(OH)6 ]2- (10). Most measurements were performed in phosphate buffer (0.2 m), in which 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 10 showed very high activity (yield close to 100 %, turnover frequency up to 554 min-1 with 10, the highest ever observed for a WO-driven by NaIO4 ). The found order of activity is: 10>2≈4>6>5>7>1>9>3>8. Clues concerning the molecular nature of the active species were obtained, whereas its exact nature remains doubtfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giordano Gatto
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Hessels J, Detz RJ, Koper MTM, Reek JNH. Rational Design Rules for Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts based on Scaling Relationships. Chemistry 2017; 23:16413-16418. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Hessels
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis; University of Amsterdam, HIMS; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis; University of Amsterdam, HIMS; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Leiden University; POX 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis; University of Amsterdam, HIMS; Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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19
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Sackville EV, Kociok-Köhn G, Hintermair U. Ligand Tuning in Pyridine-Alkoxide Ligated Cp*IrIII Oxidation Catalysts. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma V. Sackville
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Chemical
Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
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20
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21
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Cao H, Zhang JF, Zhou Q, Huang S, Hong X, Hou XF. Transformation of a Cp*-iridium carbene catalyst in water oxidation using Oxone as primary oxidant. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Esteruelas MA, López AM, Oñate E, San-Torcuato A, Tsai JY, Xia C. Formation of Dinuclear Iridium Complexes by NHC-Supported C–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ainhoa San-Torcuato
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis
Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jui-Yi Tsai
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
| | - Chuanjun Xia
- Universal Display Corporation, 375 Phillips Boulevard, Ewing, New Jersey 08618, United States
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23
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He QY, Shi HT, Wei X, Yu WB. A molecular precatalyst for water oxidation based on half-sandwich iridium fragment. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Koelewijn JM, Lutz M, Dzik WI, Detz RJ, Reek JNH. Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis as a Tool To Reveal Ligand Effects in Ce(IV)-Driven IrCp*-Catalyzed Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus M. Koelewijn
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural
Chemistry Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wojciech I. Dzik
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- Van
‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Huang DL, Beltrán-Suito R, Thomsen JM, Hashmi SM, Materna KL, Sheehan SW, Mercado BQ, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. New Ir Bis-Carbonyl Precursor for Water Oxidation Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2427-35. [PMID: 26901517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper introduces Ir(I)(CO)2(pyalc) (pyalc = (2-pyridyl)-2-propanoate) as an atom-efficient precursor for Ir-based homogeneous oxidation catalysis. This compound was chosen to simplify analysis of the water oxidation catalyst species formed by the previously reported Cp*Ir(III)(pyalc)OH water oxidation precatalyst. Here, we present a comparative study on the chemical and catalytic properties of these two precursors. Previous studies show that oxidative activation of Cp*Ir-based precursors with NaIO4 results in formation of a blue Ir(IV) species. This activation is concomitant with the loss of the placeholder Cp* ligand which oxidatively degrades to form acetic acid, iodate, and other obligatory byproducts. The activation process requires substantial amounts of primary oxidant, and the degradation products complicate analysis of the resulting Ir(IV) species. The species formed from oxidation of the Ir(CO)2(pyalc) precursor, on the other hand, lacks these degradation products (the CO ligands are easily lost upon oxidation) which allows for more detailed examination of the resulting Ir(pyalc) active species both catalytically and spectroscopically, although complete structural analysis is still elusive. Once Ir(CO)2(pyalc) is activated, the system requires acetic acid or acetate to prevent the formation of nanoparticles. Investigation of the activated bis-carbonyl complex also suggests several Ir(pyalc) isomers may exist in solution. By (1)H NMR, activated Ir(CO)2(pyalc) has fewer isomers than activated Cp*Ir complexes, allowing for advanced characterization. Future research in this direction is expected to contribute to a better structural understanding of the active species. A diol crystallization agent was needed for the structure determination of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Rodrigo Beltrán-Suito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Julianne M Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Sara M Hashmi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kelly L Materna
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Stafford W Sheehan
- Catalytic Innovations LLC , 70 Crandall Road, P.O. Box 356, Adamsville, Rhode Island 02801, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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26
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Yu WB, He QY, Shi HT, Wei X. Heterogeneous catalysis of water oxidation supported by a novel metallamacrocycle. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02931g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallamacrocycles 1 and 2 were constructed, and 1 was further explored as a precatalyst for water oxidation, giving a good efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bin Yu
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ya He
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
| | - Hua-Tian Shi
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Wei
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anhui University of Technology
- Maanshan 243002
- P. R. China
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27
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Diachenko V, Page MJ, Gatus MRD, Bhadbhade M, Messerle BA. Bimetallic N-Heterocyclic Carbene Rh(I) Complexes: Probing the Cooperative Effect for the Catalyzed Hydroelementation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Diachenko
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark
Wainwright Analytical
Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, New
South Wales 2051, Australia
| | - Michael J. Page
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark
Wainwright Analytical
Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, New
South Wales 2051, Australia
| | - Mark R. D. Gatus
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark
Wainwright Analytical
Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, New
South Wales 2051, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark
Wainwright Analytical
Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, New
South Wales 2051, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark
Wainwright Analytical
Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Kensington, New
South Wales 2051, Australia
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28
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Turlington CR, White PS, Brookhart M, Templeton JL. Half-sandwich Rh(Cp*) and Ir(Cp*) complexes with oxygen atom transfer reagents as ligands. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry and
Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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30
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Lehman MC, Pahls DR, Meredith JM, Sommer RD, Heinekey DM, Cundari TR, Ison EA. Oxyfunctionalization with Cp*Ir(III)(NHC)(Me)(Cl) with O₂: identification of a rare bimetallic Ir(IV) μ-oxo intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3574-84. [PMID: 25700811 DOI: 10.1021/ja512905t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Methanol formation from [Cp*Ir(III)(NHC)Me(CD2Cl2)](+) occurs quantitatively at room temperature with air (O2) as the oxidant and ethanol as a proton source. A rare example of a diiridium bimetallic complex, [(Cp*Ir(NHC)Me)2(μ-O)][(BAr(F)4)2], 3, was isolated and shown to be an intermediate in this reaction. The electronic absorption spectrum of 3 features a broad observation at ∼660 nm, which is primarily responsible for its blue color. In addition, 3 is diamagnetic and can be characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Complex 3 was also characterized by X-ray crystallography and contains an Ir(IV)-O-Ir(IV) core in which two d(5) Ir(IV) centers are bridged by an oxo ligand. DFT and MCSCF calculations reveal several important features of the electronic structure of 3, most notably, that the μ-oxo bridge facilitates communication between the two Ir centers, and σ/π mixing yields a nonlinear arrangement of the μ-oxo core (Ir-O-Ir ∼ 150°) to facilitate oxygen atom transfer. The formation of 3 results from an Ir oxo/oxyl intermediate that may be described by two competing bonding models, which are close in energy and have formal Ir-O bond orders of 2 but differ markedly in their electronic structures. The radical traps TEMPO and 1,4-cyclohexadiene do not inhibit the formation of 3; however, methanol formation from 3 is inhibited by TEMPO. Isotope labeling studies confirmed the origin of the methyl group in the methanol product is the iridium-methyl bond in the [Cp*Ir(NHC)Me(CD2Cl2)][BAr(F)4] starting material. Isolation of the diiridium-containing product [(Cp*Ir(NHC)Cl)2][(BAr(F)4)2], 4, in high yields at the end of the reaction suggests that the Cp* and NHC ligands remain bound to the iridium and are not significantly degraded under reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Lehman
- ‡Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Dale R Pahls
- †Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Joseph M Meredith
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Roger D Sommer
- ‡Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - D Michael Heinekey
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- †Department of Chemistry, Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Elon A Ison
- ‡Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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31
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Thomsen JM, Huang DL, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Iridium-based complexes for water oxidation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12452-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00863h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Activation of organometallic Ir precatalysts can yield either homogeneous or heterogeneous water-oxidation catalysts with very high activity.
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32
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Zamorano A, Rendón N, López-Serrano J, Valpuesta JEV, Álvarez E, Carmona E. Dihydrogen Catalysis of the Reversible Formation and Cleavage of CH and NH Bonds of Aminopyridinate Ligands Bound to (η5-C5Me5)IrIII. Chemistry 2014; 21:2576-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Kärkäs MD, Verho O, Johnston EV, Åkermark B. Artificial Photosynthesis: Molecular Systems for Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chem Rev 2014; 114:11863-2001. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400572f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1024] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Turlington CR, Morris J, White PS, Brennessel WW, Jones WD, Brookhart M, Templeton JL. Exploring Oxidation of Half-Sandwich Rhodium Complexes: Oxygen Atom Insertion into the Rhodium–Carbon Bond of κ2-Coordinated 2-Phenylpyridine. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500660n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Turlington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - James Morris
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Peter S. White
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - William D. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joseph L. Templeton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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35
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Panda C, Debgupta J, Díaz Díaz D, Singh KK, Sen Gupta S, Dhar BB. Homogeneous photochemical water oxidation by biuret-modified Fe-TAML: evidence of Fe(V)(O) intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12273-82. [PMID: 25119524 DOI: 10.1021/ja503753k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Water splitting, leading to hydrogen and oxygen in a process that mimics natural photosynthesis, is extremely important for devising a sustainable solar energy conversion system. Development of earth-abundant, transition metal-based catalysts that mimic the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, which is involved in oxidation of water to O2 during natural photosynthesis, represents a major challenge. Further, understanding the exact mechanism, including elucidation of the role of active metal-oxo intermediates during water oxidation (WO), is critical to the development of more efficient catalysts. Herein, we report Fe(III) complexes of biuret-modified tetra-amidomacrocyclic ligands (Fe-TAML; 1a and 1b) that catalyze fast, homogeneous, photochemical WO to give O2, with moderate efficiency (maximum TON = 220, TOF = 0.76 s(-1)). Previous studies on photochemical WO using iron complexes resulted in demetalation of the iron complexes with concomitant formation of iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) that were responsible for WO. Herein, we show for the first time that a high valent Fe(V)(O) intermediate species is photochemically generated as the active intermediate for the oxidation of water to O2. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first example of a molecular iron complex catalyzing photochemical WO through a Fe(V)(O) intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakadola Panda
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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36
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Turlington CR, White PS, Brookhart M, Templeton JL. Oxygen Atom Transfer to a Half-Sandwich Iridium Complex: Clean Oxidation Yielding a Molecular Product. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3981-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ja413023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Turlington
- W. R. Kenan Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Peter S. White
- W. R. Kenan Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Maurice Brookhart
- W. R. Kenan Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Joseph L. Templeton
- W. R. Kenan Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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