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Epping RF, Vesseur D, Zhou M, de Bruin B. Carbene Radicals in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5428-5448. [PMID: 37123600 PMCID: PMC10127290 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Discovered as organometallic curiosities in the 1970s, carbene radicals have become a staple in modern-day homogeneous catalysis. Carbene radicals exhibit nucleophilic radical-type reactivity orthogonal to classical electrophilic diamagnetic Fischer carbenes. Their successful catalytic application has led to the synthesis of a myriad of carbo- and heterocycles, ranging from simple cyclopropanes to more challenging eight-membered rings. The field has matured to employ densely functionalized chiral porphyrin-based platforms that exhibit high enantio-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. Thus far the focus has largely been on cobalt-based systems, but interest has been growing for the past few years to expand the application of carbene radicals to other transition metals. This Perspective covers the advances made since 2011 and gives an overview on the coordination chemistry, reactivity, and catalytic application of carbene radical species using transition metal complexes and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel F.J. Epping
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Vesseur
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Minghui Zhou
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Üstün E, Özdemir N, Şahin N. Activity analysis of new N-heterocyclic carbenes and silver N-heterocyclic carbene molecules against novel coronavirus by UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2026935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Namık Özdemir
- Department of Mathematics and Science Education, Faculty of Education, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Şahin
- Department of Basic Education, Faculty of Education, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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3
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Weststrate N, Hassenrück C, Linseis M, Liles DC, Lotz S, Görls H, Winter RF. The Effect of Remote Donor Substituents on the Properties of Alkoxy and Amino Fischer Carbene Complexes of Tungsten. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Linseis
- Fachbereich Chemie Universität Konstanz Konstanz 78457 Germany
| | - David C. Liles
- Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Simon Lotz
- Department of Chemistry University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena Jena 07743 Germany
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4
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Milovanović MR, Zarić SD, Cornaton Y, Djukic JP. Joint Isotherm Calorimetric Titration–DFT Investigation of the Demethoxy-Amination of Fischer Carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Lamprecht Z, Malan FP, Fernández I, Lotz S, Bezuidenhout DI. Chelated Fischer carbene complexes of annulated thiophenes: synthesis, structure and electrochemistry. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:15339-15354. [PMID: 33124632 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two (thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) and three annulated thiophenes (dithieno[2,3-b;3',2'-d]thiophene and dithieno[3,2-b;2',3'-d]thiophene) were employed as building blocks to synthesize linear or semi-circular chelated mononuclear biscarbene and dinuclear tetracarbene complexes. The electronic properties of the annulated thienylene chelated carbene complexes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry experiments and compared to non-chelated Fischer-type monocarbene complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to assign the redox events and to probe the extent of electron delocalisation as well as the possibility of electronic (intramolecular metal-metal) communication as a result of intervalence. The differences of these electronic properties in the conjugated chelated carbene complexes are compared to chelated carbene compounds without a linear conjugated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandria Lamprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frederick P Malan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon Lotz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
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Sohail M, Ashraf MZ, Nadeem R, Bibi S, Rehman R, Iqbal MA. Techniques in the synthesis of organometallic compounds of tungsten. REV INORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTungsten is an elegant substance, and its compounds have great significance because of their extensive range of applications in diverse fields such as in gas sensors, photocatalysis, lithium ion batteries, H2production, electrochromic devices, dyed sensitized solar cells, microchip technology, and liquid crystal displays. Tungsten compounds exhibit a more efficient catalytic behavior, and tungsten-dependent enzymes generally catalyze the transfer of an oxygen atom to or from a physiological donor/acceptor with the metal center. Furthermore, tungsten has an n-type semiconductor band gap. Tungsten forms complexes by reacting with several elements such as H, C, N, O, and P as well as other numerous inorganic elements. Interestingly, all tungsten reactions occur at ambient temperature, usually with tetrahydrofuran and dichloromethane under vacuum. Tungsten has extraordinarily high-temperature properties, making it very useful for X-ray production and heating elements in furnaces. Tungsten coordinates with diverse nonmetallic elements and ligands and produces interesting compounds. This article describes an overview of the synthesis of various organometallic compounds of tungsten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Raziya Nadeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Bibi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 5400, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry Laboratory, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Cruzeiro VWD, Feliciano GT, Roitberg AE. Exploring Coupled Redox and pH Processes with a Force-Field-Based Approach: Applications to Five Different Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3823-3835. [PMID: 32011132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Coupled redox and pH-driven processes are at the core of many important biological mechanisms. As the distribution of protonation and redox states in a system is associated with the pH and redox potential of the solution, having efficient computational tools that can simulate under these conditions becomes very important. Such tools have the potential to provide information that complement and drive experiments. In previous publications we have presented the implementation of the constant pH and redox potential molecular dynamics (C(pH,E)MD) method in AMBER and we have shown how multidimensional replica exchange can be used to significantly enhance the convergence efficiency of our simulations. In the current work, after an improvement in our C(pH,E)MD approach that allows a given residue to be simultaneously pH- and redox-active, we have employed our methodologies to study five different systems of interest in the literature. We present results for capped tyrosine dipeptide, two maquette systems containing one pH- and redox-active tyrosine (α3Y and peptide A), and two proteins that contain multiple heme groups (diheme cytochrome c from Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough cytochrome c3). We show that our results can provide new insights into previous theoretical and experimental findings by using a fully force-field-based and GPU-accelerated approach, which allows the simulations to be executed with high computational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Troiano Feliciano
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química , Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - Adrian E Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida 32611 , United States
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Guricová M, Tobrman T, Pižl M, Žižková S, Hoskovcová I, Dvořák D. Synthesis, characterisation and electrochemical properties of Cr(0) aminocarbene complexes containing condensed heteroaromatic moiety. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Lamprecht Z, Moeng MM, Liles DC, Lotz S, Bezuidenhout DI. Thiophene site activation: Synthesis and structures of Fischer carbene complexes with 3,3′- and 2,3′-bithienyl substituents. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Üstün E, Sönmez Çelebi M, Çol Ayvaz M. Manganese(I) tricarbonyl complexes: UV-dependent antioxidant activity, electrochemistry, and DFT/TDDFT calculation. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1506110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvan Üstün
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Sönmez Çelebi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Melek Çol Ayvaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
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11
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Marchetti F. Constructing Organometallic Architectures from Aminoalkylidyne Diiron Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; University of Pisa; Via Moruzzi 13 I-56124 Pisa Italy
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12
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Weststrate NA, Bouwer S, Hassenrück C, van Jaarsveld NA, Liles DC, Winter RF, Lotz S. Synthesis and properties of Fischer carbene complexes of N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole π-coordinated to chromium tricarbonyl. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Landman M, Jansen van Rensburg A, van Rooyen PH, Conradie MM, Conradie J. Triphenylstibine-substituted Fischer carbene complexes of tungsten(0): synthesis, structure, DFT and electrochemistry. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure and electrochemical behaviour of triphenylstibine-substituted W(0) Fischer ethoxycarbene complexes containing a heteroaryl-ring as a carbene substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilé Landman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pretoria
- Hatfield
- South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- Bloemfontein
- South Africa
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14
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Lamprecht Z, Radhakrishnan SG, Hildebrandt A, Lang H, Liles DC, Weststrate NA, Lotz S, Bezuidenhout DI. Mono-, di- and tetrarhenium Fischer carbene complexes with thienothiophene substituents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13983-13993. [PMID: 28975955 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative cleaving of a rhenium-rhenium bond by bromine in binuclear Fischer carbene complexes proves to be an effective method to prepare mononuclear bromido-carbene complexes. The reaction of mono- and dilithiated thieno[2,3-b]thiophene (2,3-b-TTH2) and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (3,2-b-TTH2) with [Re2(CO)10] affords dirhenium nonacarbonyl ethoxycarbene complexes, [Re2(CO)9{C(OEt)2,3-b-TTH}] (1a) and [Re2(CO)9{C(OEt)3,2-b-TTH}] (1b), and the tetrarhenium bis(ethoxycarbene) complexes from the dilithiated thiophene substrates, [Re2(CO)9-μ-{C(OEt)-2,3-b-TT-C(OEt)}Re2(CO)9] (2a) and [Re2(CO)9-μ-{C(OEt)-3,2-b-TT-C(OEt)}Re2(CO)9] (2b) featuring bridging thiophene linkers. Rhenium-rhenium bond cleavage by bromine of the monocarbene complexes yielded the scarce class of monorhenium bromido-carbene complexes, cis-[Re(CO)4{C(OEt)2,3-b-TTH}Br] (3a) and cis-[Re(CO)4{C(OEt)3,2-b-TTH}Br] (3b), while the corresponding reaction of the biscarbene tetrarhenium carbonyl complex of thieno[2,3-b]thiophene afforded the cleaving of both metal-metal bonds to give the novel dirhenium biscarbene dibromido complex with a thienothiophene spacer, [Re(CO)4Br-μ-{C(OEt)-2,3-b-TT-C(OEt)}Re(CO)4Br] (4a). A new indirect aminolysis route is described to prepare the chlorido dimethylaminocarbene complex 5acis-[Re(CO)4{C(NMe2)2,3-b-TTH}Cl], with unexpected cleavage of the Re-Re bond. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were performed on 1a, 2a, 3a, 5a, 1b and 3b. Spectroscopic and electrochemical methods are employed to investigate the electronic effect of the different conjugation pathways in the different thienothiophenyl carbene substituents, and the replacement of the rhenium pentacarbonyl fragment with a bromido ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandria Lamprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
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15
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16
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Váňová H, Tobrman T, Hoskovcová I, Dvořák D. Modular Synthesis of Fischer Biscarbene Complexes of Chromium. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Váňová
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Hoskovcová
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dalimil Dvořák
- Department of Organic Chemistry and ‡Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Üstün E, Çol Ayvaz M, Sönmez Çelebi M, Aşcı G, Demir S, Özdemir İ. Structure, CO-releasing property, electrochemistry, DFT calculation, and antioxidant activity of benzimidazole derivative substituted [Mn(CO)3(bpy)L]PF6 type novel manganese complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Jansen van Rensburg A, Landman M, van Rooyen PH, Conradie MM, Conradie J. Synthesis and structure of novel triphenylarsine-substituted tungsten(0) Fischer carbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Landman M, Levell TJ, Buitendach BE, Conradie MM, Conradie J. Effect of CO substitution on the redox properties of Fischer Mo(0) carbene complexes Mo(CO)5=C(Y)(2-Furyl), Y=OEt, NHCy or NH2. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.05.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Landman M, Conradie J. E versus Z isomers of Fischer aminocarbene complex [Mo(CO)4(PPh3){C(NHCy)(2-furyl)}]: NH⋯O versus CH⋯O intramolecular hydrogen bonds. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Landman M, Fraser R, Twigge L, Conradie J. Fischer aminocarbene conformers containing a 2-thienyl or 2-furyl ring: a crystallographic, NMR, and DFT study. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1046852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilé Landman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Roan Fraser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Linette Twigge
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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23
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Landman M, Levell TJ, Conradie MM, van Rooyen PH, Conradie J. Structural and conformational study of pentacarbonyl and phosphine substituted Fischer alkoxy- and aminocarbene complexes of molybdenum. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Stereoisomeric products of electrochemical reduction of heterocyclic Fischer aminocarbene Cr(0) complexes. Development of the electrochemistry-mass spectrometry tandem approach using biphasic (acetonitrile-hexane) preparative electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Andrada DM, Zoloff Michoff ME, de Rossi RH, Granados AM. Nucleophilic substitution in ionizable Fischer thiocarbene complexes: steric effect of the alkyl substituent on the heteroatom. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5520-34. [PMID: 25698135 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A detailed kinetic study has been carried out for the aminolysis of ionizable Fischer thiocarbene complexes (CO)5M[double bond, length as m-dash]C(SR)CH3 (M = Cr, W; R = iPr, nBu, cHex, tBu) with five primary amines and one secondary amine in aqueous acetonitrile solutions (50% MeCN-50% water (v/v)). The observed rate constants for the reaction with primary amines showed a first-order dependence on the amine concentration, while with morpholine, the rate constant has second-order dependence. The general base catalysis process was confirmed by the variation of the rate constants with the concentration of an external catalyst and the pH. The results agree with a stepwise mechanism where the nucleophilic addition to the carbene carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate (T±) is the first step, followed by a rapid deprotonation of to form the anion T- which leads to the products by general-acid catalysed leaving group (-SR) expulsion. In general, it was found that the chromium complexes are less reactive than the tungsten analogues. The obtained Brønsted parameters for the nucleophilic addition (βnuc) indicate that C-N bond formation has made little progress at the transition state. By using Charton's correlation, the role that the steric factor plays throughout the mechanism has been unraveled. The nucleophilic addition to the thiocarbenes is less sensitive to steric effects than the alkoxycarbenes regardless of the nature of the metal centre. Conversely, the steric effects on the general-base catalysis can be strong depending on the volume of the catalyst and the metal centre. On the basis of the structure-reactivity coefficients β and ψ and comparison with alkoxycarbene complexes, esters and thiolesters, insights into the main factors ruling the reactivity in terms of transition state imbalances are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego M Andrada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, INFIQC, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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26
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2013. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Weststrate NA, Fernández I, Liles DC, van Jaarsveld N, Lotz S. Fischer-Type Carbene Complexes of Tris(1,4-phenylene)amines and Tri(2-furyl)phosphine. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5008538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David C. Liles
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nina van Jaarsveld
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Simon Lotz
- Chemistry
Department, University of Pretoria, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa
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Landman M, Buitendach BE, Conradie MM, Fraser R, van Rooyen PH, Conradie J. Fischer mono- and biscarbene complexes of tungsten with mono- and dimeric heteroaromatic substituents. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Conradie J. Density functional theory calculations of Rh-β-diketonato complexes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:1503-15. [PMID: 25429658 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt02268h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory results on the geometry, energies and charges of selected Rh-β-diketonato reactants, products and transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Conradie
- Department of Chemistry
- University of the Free State
- 9300 Bloemfontein
- Republic of South Africa
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30
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van der Westhuizen B, Matthäus Speck J, Korb M, Bezuidenhout DI, Lang H. (Spectro)electrochemical investigations on (ferrocenyl)thiophenes modified by tungsten Fischer carbenes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Haslinger S, Kück JW, Hahn EM, Cokoja M, Pöthig A, Basset JM, Kühn FE. Making Oxidation Potentials Predictable: Coordination of Additives Applied to the Electronic Fine Tuning of an Iron(II) Complex. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11573-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501613a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haslinger
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jens W. Kück
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Eva M. Hahn
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Mirza Cokoja
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis,
Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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Kvapilová H, Eigner V, Hoskovcová I, Tobrman T, Čejka J, Záliš S. Structural flexibility of 2-hetaryl chromium aminocarbene complexes: Experimental and theoretical evidence. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Theoretical Predictions of Redox Potentials of Fischer-Type Chromium Aminocarbene Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500259u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Landman M, Pretorius R, Fraser R, Buitendach BE, Conradie MM, van Rooyen PH, Conradie J. Electrochemical behaviour and structure of novel phosphine- and phosphite-substituted tungsten(0) Fischer carbene complexes. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thompson S, Wessels HR, Fraser R, van Rooyen PH, Liles DC, Landman M. Computational and experimental structural studies of selected chromium(0) monocarbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Raubenheimer HG. Fischer carbene complexes remain favourite targets, and vehicles for new discoveries. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:16959-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01943a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fifty years after their introduction, Fischer-type carbene complexes still enthral synthetic and theoretical chemists interested in their preparation and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7602, South Africa
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