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Getreuer P, Marretta L, Toyoglu E, Dömötör O, Hejl M, Prado-Roller A, Cseh K, Legin AA, Jakupec MA, Barone G, Terenzi A, Keppler BK, Kandioller W. Investigating the anticancer potential of 4-phenylthiazole derived Ru(II) and Os(II) metalacycles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:5567-5579. [PMID: 38426897 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00245h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this contribution we report the synthesis, characterization and in vitro anticancer activity of novel cyclometalated 4-phenylthiazole-derived ruthenium(II) (2a-e) and osmium(II) (3a-e) complexes. Formation and sufficient purity of the complexes were unambigiously confirmed by 1H-, 13C- and 2D-NMR techniques, X-ray diffractometry, HRMS and elemental analysis. The binding preferences of these cyclometalates to selected amino acids and to DNA models including G-quadruplex structures were analyzed. Additionally, their stability and behaviour in aqueous solutions was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Their cellular accumulation, their ability of inducing apoptosis, as well as their interference in the cell cycle were studied in SW480 colon cancer cells. The anticancer potencies were investigated in three human cancer cell lines and revealed IC50 values in the low micromolar range, in contrast to the biologically inactive ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Getreuer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Marretta
- STEBICEF-Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Emine Toyoglu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Prado-Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Anton A Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- STEBICEF-Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- STEBICEF-Department, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Research Cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Hashidoko A, Kitanosono T, Yamashita Y, Kobayashi S. Water vs. Organic Solvents: Water-Controlled Divergent Reactivity of 2-Substituted Indoles. Chem Asian J 2024:e202301045. [PMID: 38217396 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202301045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Water is not a good solvent for most organic compounds, yet water can offer many benefits to some organic reactions, hence enriching organic chemistry. Herein, the unique divergent reactivity of 2-substituted indoles with ⋅NO sources is presented. The amount of water solvent was harnessed for a scalable, benign, and expedient synthesis of indolenine oximes, albeit with water's inability to dissolve the reactants. 2-Methoxyethyl nitrite, which has been tailored for reactions in water, empowered this protocol by enhancing the product selectivity. We further report on chemoselective transformations of the products that rely on their structural features. Our findings are expected to offer access to an underexplored chemical space. The platform is also applicable to oximinomalonate synthesis. Mechanistic studies revealed the important role of water in the reversal of stability between oxime and nitroso compounds, promoting the proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airu Hashidoko
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taku Kitanosono
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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3
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Infante-Tadeo S, Rodríguez-Fanjul V, Vequi-Suplicy CC, Pizarro AM. Fast Hydrolysis and Strongly Basic Water Adducts Lead to Potent Os(II) Half-Sandwich Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:18970-18978. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Infante-Tadeo
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana M. Pizarro
- IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Faraday 9, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Unidad Asociada de Nanobiotecnología CNB-CSIC-IMDEA, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of cationic η6-p-cymene ruthenium(II) complexes containing phosphine and nitrogenous ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Design concepts of half-sandwich organoruthenium anticancer agents based on bidentate bioactive ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Mokesch S, Cseh K, Geisler H, Hejl M, Klose MHM, Roller A, Meier-Menches SM, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Investigations on the Anticancer Potential of Benzothiazole-Based Metallacycles. Front Chem 2020; 8:209. [PMID: 32318543 PMCID: PMC7147246 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives and their corresponding organometallic ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) complexes were synthesized, designed to exploit both, the attributes of the half-sandwich transition metal scaffold and the bioactivity spectrum of the applied 2-phenylbenzothiazoles. All synthesized compounds were characterized via standard analytical methods. The obtained organometallics showed antiproliferative activity in the low μM range and are thus at least an order of magnitude more potent than the free ligands. ESI-MS measurements showed that the examined compounds were stable in aqueous solution over 48 h. Additionally, their binding preferences to small biomolecules, their cellular accumulation and capacity of inducing apoptosis/necrosis were investigated. Based on the fluorescence properties of the selected ligand and the corresponding ruthenium complex, their subcellular distribution was studied by fluorescence microscopy, revealing a high degree of colocalization with acidic organelles of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Mokesch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Cseh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heiko Geisler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samuel M. Meier-Menches
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Cluster Translational Cancer Therapy Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Synthesis, Characterization, Solution Behavior and Theoretical Studies of Pd(II) Allyl Complexes with 2-Phenyl-3H-indoles as Ligands. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the reactivity of three 2-phenyl-3H-indole ligands of general formulae C8H3N-2-(C6H4-4-R1)-3-NOMe-5-R2 (1) [with R1 = H, R2 = OMe (a); R1 = R2 = H (b) or R1 = Cl, R2 = H (c)] with [Pd(η3-1-R3C3H4)(μ-Cl)]2 (R3 = H or Ph) has allowed us to isolate two sets of new Pd(II)-allyl complexes of general formulae [Pd(η3-1-R3C3H4)(1)Cl] {R3 = H (2) or Ph (3)}. Compounds 2a–2c and 3a–3c were characterized by elemental analyses, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structures of 2a, 3a and 3b were also determined by X-ray diffraction. 1H-NMR studies reveal the coexistence of two (for 2a–2c) or three (for 3a–3c) isomeric forms in CD2Cl2 solutions at 182 K. Additional studies on the catalytic activity of mixtures containing [Pd(η3-C3H5)(μ-Cl)]2 and the parent ligand (1a–1c) in the allylic alkylation of (E)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl (cinnamyl) acetate with sodium diethyl 2-methylmalonate as well as the stoichiometric reaction between compounds 3a and 3c with the nucleophile reveal that in both cases the formation of the linear trans- derivative is strongly preferred over the branched product. Computational studies at a DFT level on compound 3a allowed us to compare the relative stability of their isomeric forms present in solution and to explain the regioselectivity of the catalytic and stoichiometric processes.
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8
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Cyclometallated ruthenium complexes with P-stereogenic monophosphines containing a polycyclic aromatic substituent. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Riedl CA, Hejl M, Klose MHM, Roller A, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. N- and S-donor leaving groups in triazole-based ruthena(ii)cycles: potent anticancer activity, selective activation, and mode of action studies. Dalton Trans 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of cycloruthenated triazole arene complexes with N- or S-donors affords pH or redox-activatable complexes with high cytotoxic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A. Riedl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Matthias H. M. Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
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10
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Gaiddon C, Pfeffer M. The Fate of Cycloruthenated Compounds: From C-H Activation to Innovative Anticancer Therapy. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gaiddon
- University of Strasbourg; U1113 Inserm; 3 av. Molière 67200 Strasbourg France
| | - Michel Pfeffer
- University of Strasbourg; UMR 7177 CNRS; 4, rue Blaise Pascal 67000 Strasbourg France
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11
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Riedl CA, Flocke LS, Hejl M, Roller A, Klose MHM, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Introducing the 4-Phenyl-1,2,3-Triazole Moiety as a Versatile Scaffold for the Development of Cytotoxic Ruthenium(II) and Osmium(II) Arene Cyclometalates. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:528-541. [PMID: 27996251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, anticancer potency in vitro, biomolecule interaction, and preliminary mode of action studies of a series of cyclometalated 1,2,3-triazole-derived ruthenium(II) (2a-e) and osmium(II) (3a-e) organometallics of the general form [(η6-p-cym)RuCl(κ2-C^N-L)] with varying substituents in postion 1 of the 1,2,3-triazole moiety. These cyclometalates were characterized by standard analytical methods and their structures unambiguously assigned by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The anticancer activity of these novel compounds was tested in the human tumor cell lines A549 (non-small cell lung cancer), SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), and CH1/PA-1 (ovarian teratocarcinoma), and preliminary structure-activity relationships were derived from the obtained data sets. Various representatives exhibit promising antineoplastic effects with IC50 values down to the low micromolar range. The compounds readily formed stable DMSO adducts after aquation in DMSO-containing solution, but employing DMSO as solubilizer in cytotoxicity assays had no pronounced effect on the cytotoxicity, compared to analogous experiments with DMF for most compounds. We isolated and characterized selected DMSO adducts as triflate salts and found that they show activities in the same range as the parent chlorido metalacycles in MTT assays with the use of DMSO. Osmium(II) cyclometalates exhibited higher antiproliferative activities than their ruthenium(II) counterparts. The IC50 values within each metal series decreased with increasing lipophilicity, which was attributed to higher cellular accumulation. Investigations on their mode of action revealed that the prepared organometallics were unable to inhibit topoisomerase IIα. Still, the most cytotoxic representatives 2b and 3b showed pronounced effects on cell cycle distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph A Riedl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea S Flocke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias H M Klose
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, and ‡Research Platform "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", University of Vienna , Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Jia WG, Zhang T, Xie D, Xu QT, Ling S, Zhang Q. Half-sandwich cycloruthenated complexes from aryloxazolines: synthesis, structures, and catalytic activities. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:14230-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02734b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The half-sandwich cycloruthenated complexes [Ru(p-cymene)LCl] show promising catalytic activity in nitroarene reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Jia
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
| | - Tai Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
| | - Dong Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
| | - Qiu-Tong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
| | - Shuo Ling
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Center for Nano Science and Technology
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education
- Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials
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13
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Sun Y, Dai YC, Wang X, Cheng JM, Jia WG. Preparation, crystal structures and properties of half-sandwich ruthenium complexes containing salicylbenzoxazole ligands. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yuan-Chen Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jia-Ming Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei-Guo Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Center for Nano Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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