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Ruiz J, Mateo MA. The first synthesis of an isocyanide-functionalized imidazolium salt and transition metal complexes thereof. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13199-13203. [PMID: 36043364 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An isocyanide-functionalized imidazole was obtained from 4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)aniline by the Ugi method and subsequently transformed into the corresponding imidazolium salt by treatment with MeI. Coordination of the isocyanide residue allowed the synthesis of several transition metal complexes containing a peripheral imidazolium cation, which are suitable starting materials for the formation of mixed ligand isocyanide-NHC heterometallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - María A Mateo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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2
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Synthesis and Characterisation of a Heterobimetallic N-heterocyclic Carbene Rhodium Ruthenium Complex as Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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3
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Pickl T, Pöthig A. Bimetallic Platinum Group Complexes of a Macrocyclic Pyrazolate/NHC Hybrid Ligand. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pickl
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal−Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, D-85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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4
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Biological Activities of NHC–Pd(II) Complexes Based on Benzimidazolylidene N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands Bearing Aryl Substituents. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (2a–i), their pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI)-themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (3a–i) and palladium N-heterocyclic triphenylphosphines complexes (4a–i) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and LC–MS spectroscopic techniques. The (NHC)Pd(II) complexes 3–4 were tested against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans microorganisms, Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes, Toxoplasma gondii parasites, and Vero cells in vitro. The biological assays indicated that all compounds are highly active against cancer cells, with an IC50 < 1.5 µg mL−1. Eight compounds proved antibacterial and antileishmanial activities, while only three compounds had strong antifungal activities against C. albicans. In our conclusion, compounds 3 (b, f, g, and h) and 4b are the most suitable drug candidates for anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitical.
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5
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Yang J. Pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates assisted
N
‐heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes: synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activities towards arylation of azoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
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6
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Muhammad S, Hussain S, Chen X, Al-Sehemi AG, Li ZJ, Lai CH, Iqbal J. A dual approach to study the synthesis, crystal structure and nonlinear optical properties of binuclear Pd(II) complex of 3-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl) pyrazole and its potential quantum chemical analogues. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Resch SG, Dechert S, Meyer F. Linear Pyrazole-bridged Tetra(N-heterocyclic carbene) Ligands and Their Hexanuclear Silver(I) Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Resch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
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8
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Yang J. Mixed N-heterocycles/N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) allyl complexes as precatalysts for direct arylation of azoles with aryl bromides. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Recent progress in silver(I)-, gold(I)/(III)- and palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: A review towards biological perspectives. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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10
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Maity L, Parua SP, Rana BK, Isab AA, Bielawski CW, Dinda J. Electronic Tuning and Catalytic Activity of a Novel Pd(II) Complex Supported by a Tetracoordinate Ligand. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmikanta Maity
- Department of ChemistryUtkal University Bhubaneswar- 751004, Odisha India
| | - Sankar Prasad Parua
- Department of ChemistryJadavpur University, Kolkata- 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Bidyut Kumar Rana
- Department of Applied ScienceHaldia Institute of Technology, Haldia-32 West Bengal India
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of ChemistryKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM)Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan South Korea 44919
- Department of ChemistryUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan South Korea 44919
- Department of Energy EngineeringUNIST, Ulsan South Korea 44919
| | - Joydev Dinda
- Department of ChemistryUtkal University Bhubaneswar- 751004, Odisha India
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11
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Hussaini SY, Haque RA, Fatima T, Agha MT, Abdul Majid AMS, Razali MR. Palladium(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, structures and cytotoxicity potential studies against breast cancer cell line. J COORD CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2018.1485901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunusi Y. Hussaini
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Tabinda Fatima
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - M. Taleb Agha
- Department of Chemistry, Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
| | - A. M. S. Abdul Majid
- EMAN Research and Testing Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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12
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Vivancos Á, Segarra C, Albrecht M. Mesoionic and Related Less Heteroatom-Stabilized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Catalysis, and Other Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9493-9586. [PMID: 30014699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesoionic carbenes are a subclass of the family of N-heterocyclic carbenes that generally feature less heteroatom stabilization of the carbenic carbon and hence impart specific donor properties and reactivity schemes when coordinated to a transition metal. Therefore, mesoionic carbenes and their complexes have attracted considerable attention both from a fundamental point of view as well as for application in catalysis and beyond. As a follow-up of an earlier Chemical Reviews overview from 2009, the organometallic chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization is compiled for the 2008-2017 period, including specifically the chemistry of complexes containing 1,2,3-triazolylidenes, 4-imidazolylidenes, and related 5-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteratom stabilization such as (is)oxazolylidenes, pyrrazolylidenes, and thiazolylidenes, as well as pyridylidenes as 6-membered N-heterocyclic carbenes with reduced heteroatom stabilization. For each ligand subclass, metalation strategies, electronic and steric properties, and applications, in particular, in metal-mediated catalysis, are compiled. Mesoionic carbenes demonstrate particularly high activity in (water) oxidation, hydrogen transfer reactions, and cyclization reactions. Unique features of these ligands are identified such as their dipolar structure, their specific donor properties, as well as stability aspects of the ligand and the complexes, which provides opportunities for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Vivancos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Murcia , Apartado 4021 , 30071 Murcia , Spain
| | - Candela Segarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland.,Instituto de Tecnología Química , Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bern , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland
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13
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Gan MM, Liu JQ, Zhang L, Wang YY, Hahn FE, Han YF. Preparation and Post-Assembly Modification of Metallosupramolecular Assemblies from Poly(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Ligands. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9587-9641. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, P. R. China
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14
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Tan KV, Li Z, Karmis RE, Barnard PJ. Selective Synthesis of Ni(II) and Pd(II) Complexes with either ‘Normal’ or ‘Abnormal’ N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Coordination Modes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kel Vin Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University, Victoria 3086 Australia
- Present address: Department of Diagnostic Radiology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zili Li
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Rebecca E. Karmis
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science La Trobe University, Victoria 3086 Australia
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15
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Tao S, Guo C, Liu N, Dai B. Counteranion-Controlled Ag2O-Mediated Benzimidazolium Ring Opening and Its Application in the Synthesis of Palladium Pincer-Type Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Tao
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical
Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Second
Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical
Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical
Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, North Fourth Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Yang J. Mono- and dinuclear N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes with diazine ligands and their catalytic activities toward the Mizoroki–Heck reaction. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1395416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, P R China
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17
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Zhao S, Wu J, Chen W. Organometallic chemistry of bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands containing a heteroarene spacer. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Trans-Metal-Trapping Meets Frustrated-Lewis-Pair Chemistry: Ga(CH 2SiMe 3) 3-Induced C-H Functionalizations. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8615-8626. [PMID: 28485929 PMCID: PMC5549243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Merging two topical themes in main-group chemistry, namely, cooperative bimetallics and frustrated-Lewis-pair (FLP) activity, this Forum Article focuses on the cooperativity-induced outcomes observed when the tris(alkyl)gallium compound GaR3 (R = CH2SiMe3) is paired with the lithium amide LiTMP (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide) or the sterically hindered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-bis(tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu). When some previously published work are drawn together with new results, unique tandem reactivities are presented that are driven by the steric mismatch between the individual reagents of these multicomponent reagents. Thus, the LiTMP/GaR3 combination, which on its own fails to form a cocomplex, functions as a highly regioselective base (LiTMP)/trap (GaR3) partnership for the metalation of N-heterocycles such as diazines, 1,3-benzoazoles, and 2-picolines in a trans-metal-trapping (TMT) process that stabilizes the emerging sensitive carbanions. Taking advantage of related steric incompatibility, a novel monometallic FLP system pairing GaR3 with ItBu has been developed for the activation of carbonyl compounds (via C═O insertion) and other molecules with acidic hydrogen atoms such as phenol and phenylacetylene. Shedding new light on how these non-cocomplexing partnerships operate and showcasing the potential of gallium reagents to engage in metalation reactions or FLP activations, areas where the use of this group 13 metal is scant, this Forum Article aims to stimulate more interest and activity toward the advancement of organogallium chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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19
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Abstract
It is well-recognized that N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have provided a new dimension to the design of homogeneous catalysts. Part of the success of this type of ligands resides in the limitless access to a variety of topologies with tuned electronic properties, but also in the ability of a family of NHCs that are able to adapt their properties to the specific requirements of individual catalytic transformations. The term "smart" is used here to refer to switchable, multifunctional, adaptable, or tunable ligands and, in general, to all those ligands that are able to modify their steric or electronic properties to fulfill the requirements of a defined catalytic reaction. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively describe all types of smart NHC ligands by focusing attention on the catalytically relevant ligand-based reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials , Universitat Jaume I , Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n , Castellón E-12071 , Spain
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20
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Piperazine- and DABCO-bridged dinuclearN-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes: synthesis, structure and application to Hiyama coupling reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Gu S, Du J, Huang J, Xia H, Yang L, Xu W, Lu C. Bi- and trinuclear copper(I) complexes of 1,2,3-triazole-tethered NHC ligands: synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:863-73. [PMID: 27340477 PMCID: PMC4901887 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of copper complexes (3–6) stabilized by 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been prepared via simple reaction of imidazolium salts with copper powder in good yields. The structures of bi- and trinuclear copper complexes were fully characterized by NMR, elemental analysis (EA), and X-ray crystallography. In particular, [Cu2(L2)2](PF6)2 (3) and [Cu2(L3)2](PF6)2 (4) were dinuclear copper complexes. Complexes [Cu3(L4)2](PF6)3 (5) and [Cu3(L5)2](PF6)3 (6) consist of a triangular Cu3 core. These structures vary depending on the imidazolium backbone and N substituents. The copper–NHC complexes tested are highly active for the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction in an air atmosphere at room temperature in a CH3CN solution. Complex 4 is the most efficient catalyst among these polynuclear complexes in an air atmosphere at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehao Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China; College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxin Lu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yang J. Mono- and dinuclear palladium(ii) complexes containing both N-heterocyclic carbenes and tetrazole ligands as catalysts for Hiyama coupling. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02320g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Six tetrazole ligand stabilized NHC–Pd complexes have been synthesized and fully characterized. Catalytic performance of the obtained palladium catalysts has been investigated for the Hiyama coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
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23
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Uzelac M, Hernán-Gómez A, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Hevia E. Rational synthesis of normal, abnormal and anionic NHC-gallium alkyl complexes: structural, stability and isomerization insights. Chem Sci 2015; 6:5719-5728. [PMID: 29910864 PMCID: PMC5975842 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02086g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing the rational design of main-group N-heterocyclic carbene complexes, this study reports the synthesis, X-ray crystallographic and NMR spectroscopic characterisation of a novel series of Ga complexes containing neutral or anionic NHC ligands using the unsaturated carbene IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis-(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene). Starting from normal adduct GaR3·IPr (1) (R = CH2SiMe3), the addition of polar LiR led to the formation of NHC-stabilised gallate species IPr·LiGaR4 (2), resulting from co-complexation of the single-metal species. Contrastingly, reversing the order of addition of these organometallic reagents, by treating unsaturated free IPr, first with LiR followed by GaR3, furnished novel heteroleptic gallate (THF)2Li[:C{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHCGa(CH2SiMe3)3}] (3), which contains an anionic NHC ligand acting as an unsymmetrical bridge between the two metals, coordinating through its abnormal C4 position to Ga and through its normal C2 position to Li. Electrophilic interception studies of 3 using methyl triflate (MeOTf), methanol and imidazolium salt (IMes·HCl) led to the isolation and structural elucidation of the two novel neutral abnormal NHC (aNHC) complexes [CH3C{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHCGa(CH2SiMe3)3}] (4) and aIPr·GaR3 (5) (aIPr = HC{[N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)]2CHC}). These studies disclose the preference of the anionic IPr ligand present in 3 to react with electrophiles via its C2 position, leaving its Ga-C4 bond intact. Abnormal complex 5 can also be accessed by a thermally induced rearrangement of its normal isomer 1. Combining NMR spectroscopic and kinetic studies with DFT calculations, new light has been shed on this intriguing transformation, which suggests that it occurs via a dissociative mechanism, highlighting the importance of the donor ability of the solvent used in these thermal isomerizations as well as the steric bulk of the substituents on the NHC and the Ga reagent. These findings intimate that relief of the steric hindrance around Ga by forming an abnormal complex is a key driving force behind these rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM , Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK .
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24
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Ganesamoorthy C, Bläser D, Wölper C, Schulz S. Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Group 13 Compounds via Oxidative Addition Reaction of Gallanediyl LGa and InEt3. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dieter Bläser
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg−Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg−Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg−Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany
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25
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Synthesis, coordination chemistry and reactivity of transition metal complexes supported by a chelating benzimidazolylidene carboxylate ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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27
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Bitzer MJ, Pöthig A, Jandl C, Kühn FE, Baratta W. Ru–Ag and Ru–Au dicarbene complexes from an abnormal carbene ruthenium system. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:11686-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The first complexes containing an anionic dicarbene connected to two different d-block elements are reported. The synthetic pathway entails metalation and transmetalation reactions, starting from a cationic abnormal Ru-NHC complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Bitzer
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München (TUM)
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München (TUM)
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München (TUM)
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Fritz E. Kühn
- Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Department of Chemistry & Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München (TUM)
- D-85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - Walter Baratta
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Fisica e Ambiente
- Università di Udine
- I-33100 Udine
- Italy
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