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Toward E-selective Olefin Metathesis: Computational Design and Experimental Realization of Ruthenium Thio-Indolate Catalysts. Top Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-021-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe selective transformation of 1-alkenes into E-olefins is a long-standing challenge in olefin metathesis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict high E-selectivity for catalysts incorporating a bidentate, dianionic thio-indolate ligand within a RuXX’(NHC)(py)(= CHR) platform (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; py = pyridine). Such complexes are predicted to yield E-olefins by favoring anti-disposed substituents in the transition state expected to be rate-determining: specifically, that for cycloreversion of the metallacyclobutane intermediate. Three pyridine-stabilized catalysts Ru21a-c were synthesized, in which the thio-indolate ligand bears a H, Me, or Ph substituent at the C2 position, and the NHC ligand is the unsaturated imidazoline-2-ylidene Me2IMes (which bears N-mesityl groups and methyl groups on the C4,5 backbone). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Ru21c confirms the ligand orientation required for E-selective metathesis, with the thio-indolate sulfur atom binding cis to the NHC, and the indolate nitrogen atom trans to the NHC. However, whereas the new complexes mediated metathetic exchange of their 2-thienylmethylidene ligand in the presence of the common metathesis substrates styrene and allylbenzene, no corresponding self-metathesis products were obtained. Only small amounts of 2-butene (73% (Z)-2-butene) were obtained in self-metathesis of propene using Ru21a. Detailed DFT analysis of this process revealed that product release is surprisingly slow, limiting the reaction rate and explaining the low metathesis activity. With the barrier to dissociation of (Z)-2-butene being lower than that of (E)-2-butene, the calculations also account for the observed Z-selectivity of Ru21a. These findings provide guidelines for catalyst redesign in pursuit of the ambitious goal of E-selective 1-alkene metathesis.
Graphic abstract
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2
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Patra SG, Das NK. Recent advancement on the mechanism of olefin metathesis by Grubbs catalysts: A computational perspective. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang YH, Wu AA, Tan K, Lu X. Metal-catalyzed alkyne oxidation/CH functionalization: Effects of oxidant, temperature, and metal catalyst on chemoselectivity. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1038-1044. [PMID: 30299551 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation has attracted much synthetic attention, but mostly suffering undesired over-oxidation. Recent experiments demonstrated that over-oxidation could be dramatically suppressed in zinc(II)-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation/CH functionalization. By means of first-principle density functional theory calculations, we explored the mechanism of the M-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidations (M = Zn(OTf)2 and Au+ PR3 ) as well as the effects of oxidants, temperature, and metal catalysts on chemoselectivity, in an effort to disclose the origin of the extraordinary chemoselectivity pertaining to zinc catalysis. Our calculations indicate that the Zn-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation/CH functionalization proceeds by a Friedel-Crafts alkylation mechanism rather than metal carbene insertion mechanism. The chemoselectivity of CH functionalization against over-oxidation in Zn catalysis, in comparison with gold catalysis, can be jointly controlled by four factors: (1) the use of less nucleophilic N-oxide, (2) the enhanced electrophilicity and carbocationic nature of the carbenic site in the α-oxo metal carbenoid intermediate, (3) enhanced steric repulsion to incoming oxidant exerted by bulky ancillary ligand in the close nearby of the carbenic site to disfavor intermolecular over-oxidation and (4) the large negative value of activation entropy in the intermolecular over-oxidation pathway, that jointly give rise to lower activation free energy for the intramolecular cyclization/CH functionalization pathway than for the intermolecular over-oxidation pathway. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - An-An Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface & Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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Jawiczuk M, Janaszkiewicz A, Trzaskowski B. The influence of the cationic carbenes on the initiation kinetics of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts; a DFT study. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2872-2880. [PMID: 30546471 PMCID: PMC6278762 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic carbenes are a relatively new and rare group of ancillary ligands, which have shown their superior activity in a number of challenging catalytic reactions. In ruthenium-based metathesis catalysis they are often used as ammonium tags, to provide water-soluble, environment-friendly catalysts. In this work we performed computational studies on three cationic carbenes with the formal positive charge located at different distances from the carbene carbon. We show that the predicted initiation rates of Grubbs, indenylidene, and Hoveyda–Grubbs-like complexes incorporating these carbenes show little variance and are similar to initiation rates of standard Grubbs, indenylidene, and Hoveyda–Grubbs catalysts. In all investigated cases the partial charge of the carbene carbon atom is similar, resulting in comparable Ccarbene–Ru bond strengths and Ru–P/O dissociation Gibbs free energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jawiczuk
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warszawa, Poland
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Jung H, Jung K, Hong M, Kwon S, Kim K, Hong SH, Choi TL, Baik MH. Understanding the Origin of the Regioselectivity in Cyclopolymerizations of Diynes and How to Completely Switch It. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:834-841. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoimin Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijung Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeon Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunsoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Grandner JM, Shao H, Grubbs RH, Liu P, Houk KN. Origins of the Stereoretentive Mechanism of Olefin Metathesis with Ru-Dithiolate Catalysts. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10595-10600. [PMID: 28841319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive computational study of stereoretentive olefin metathesis with Ru-dithiolate catalysts has been performed. We have determined how the dithiolate ligand enforces a side-bound mechanism and how the side-bound mechanism allows for stereochemical control over the forming olefin. We have used density functional theory (DFT) and ligand steric contour maps to elucidate the origins of stereoretentive metathesis with the goal of understanding how to design a new class of E-selective metathesis catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Grandner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Robert H Grubbs
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Occhipinti G, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Pyridine-Stabilized Fast-Initiating Ruthenium Monothiolate Catalysts for Z-Selective Olefin Metathesis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Faster initiating olefin metathesis catalysts from introducing double bonds into cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl derivatives of Hoveyda-Grubbs precatalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Lee J, Kim KH, Lee OS, Choi TL, Lee HS, Ihee H, Sohn JH. Preference of Ruthenium-Based Metathesis Catalysts toward Z- and E-Alkenes as a Guide for Selective Reactions to Alkene Stereoisomers. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7591-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Suk Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Sohn
- Department
of Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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10
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2014. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Smit W, Koudriavtsev V, Occhipinti G, Törnroos KW, Jensen VR. Phosphine-Based Z-Selective Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wietse Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vitali Koudriavtsev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar R. Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten
41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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Hamzaoui B, Pelletier JDA, Abou-Hamad E, Basset JM. Well-defined silica-supported zirconium–imido complexes mediated heterogeneous imine metathesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4617-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00471g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Well-defined silica-supported zirconium–imido complexes effectively catalyze imine/imine cross-metathesis and are thus considered as the first heterogeneous catalysts active for imine metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilel Hamzaoui
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jérémie D. A. Pelletier
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Edy Abou-Hamad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal
- Saudi Arabia
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Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Z-Selective Cross Metathesis with Ruthenium Catalysts: Synthetic Applications and Mechanistic Implications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5018-24. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201411588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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14
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Herbert MB, Grubbs RH. Z-Selektive Kreuzmetathese mit Ruthenium-Katalysatoren: Anwendung in der Synthese und mechanistische Aspekte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201411588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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15
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Yang B, Manz TA. Hafnium catalysts for direct alkene epoxidation using molecular oxygen as oxidant. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra11820k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct alkene epoxidation catalytic cycles were computed for hafnium-based catalysts containing bis(dinitrone) and bis(imine nitrone) ligation using molecular oxygen as oxidant without co-reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
| | - Thomas A. Manz
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- New Mexico State University
- Las Cruces
- USA
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