1
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Budny-Godlewski K, Piekarski DG, Justyniak I, Leszczyński MK, Nawrocki J, Kubas A, Lewiński J. Uncovering Factors Controlling Reactivity of Metal-TEMPO Reaction Systems in the Solid State and Solution. Chemistry 2024:e202401968. [PMID: 38801170 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Nitroxides find application in various areas of chemistry, and a more in-depth understanding of factors controlling their reactivity with metal complexes is warranted to promote further developments. Here, we report on the effect of the metal centre Lewis acidity on both the distribution of the O- and N-centered spin density in 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) and turning TEMPO from the O- to N-radical mode scavenger in metal-TEMPO systems. We use Et(Cl)Zn/TEMPO model reaction system with tuneable reactivity in the solid state and solution. Among various products, a unique Lewis acid-base adduct of Cl2Zn with the N-ethylated TEMPO was isolated and structurally characterised, and the so-called solid-state 'slow chemistry' reaction led to a higher yield of the N-alkylated product. The revealed structure-activity/selectivity correlations are exceptional yet are entirely rationalised by the mechanistic underpinning supported by theoretical calculations of studied model systems. This work lays a foundation and mechanistic blueprint for future metal/nitroxide systems exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Budny-Godlewski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz G Piekarski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Leszczyński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Nawrocki
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Abstract
Nitroxides, also known as nitroxyl radicals, are long-lived or stable radicals with the general structure R1R2N-O•. The spin distribution over the nitroxide N and O atoms contributes to the thermodynamic stability of these radicals. The presence of bulky N-substituents R1 and R2 prevents nitroxide radical dimerization, ensuring their kinetic stability. Despite their reactivity toward various transient C radicals, some nitroxides can be easily stored under air at room temperature. Furthermore, nitroxides can be oxidized to oxoammonium salts (R1R2N═O+) or reduced to anions (R1R2N-O-), enabling them to act as valuable oxidants or reductants depending on their oxidation state. Therefore, they exhibit interesting reactivity across all three oxidation states. Due to these fascinating properties, nitroxides find extensive applications in diverse fields such as biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, materials science, and organic synthesis. This review focuses on the versatile applications of nitroxides in organic synthesis. For their use in other important fields, we will refer to several review articles. The introductory part provides a brief overview of the history of nitroxide chemistry. Subsequently, the key methods for preparing nitroxides are discussed, followed by an examination of their structural diversity and physical properties. The main portion of this review is dedicated to oxidation reactions, wherein parent nitroxides or their corresponding oxoammonium salts serve as active species. It will be demonstrated that various functional groups (such as alcohols, amines, enolates, and alkanes among others) can be efficiently oxidized. These oxidations can be carried out using nitroxides as catalysts in combination with various stoichiometric terminal oxidants. By reducing nitroxides to their corresponding anions, they become effective reducing reagents with intriguing applications in organic synthesis. Nitroxides possess the ability to selectively react with transient radicals, making them useful for terminating radical cascade reactions by forming alkoxyamines. Depending on their structure, alkoxyamines exhibit weak C-O bonds, allowing for the thermal generation of C radicals through reversible C-O bond cleavage. Such thermally generated C radicals can participate in various radical transformations, as discussed toward the end of this review. Furthermore, the application of this strategy in natural product synthesis will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Kayser AK, Wolczanski PT, Cundari TR, Bollmeyer MM, Lancaster KM, MacMillan SN. TEMPO coordination and reactivity in group 6; pseudo-pentagonal planar (η 2-TEMPO) 2CrX (X = Cl, TEMPO). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9818-9821. [PMID: 35975596 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exposure of CrCl2(THF)2 to 1 equiv. of TEMPO and 1 equiv. [TEMPO]Na afforded (η2-O,N-TEMPO)2CrCl (1, 67%); addition of [TEMPO]Na to 1 yielded (η2-O,N-TEMPO)2Cr(TEMPO) (2). Both 1 and 2 exhibit pseudo-pentagonal planar (PPP) geometry, instead of myriad alternatives. Calculations and spectral studies suggest the solid-state geometry persists in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann K Kayser
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Peter T Wolczanski
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- Dept. of Chemistry, CasCam, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Melissa M Bollmeyer
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Samantha N MacMillan
- Dept. of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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4
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Kassamba S, Perez-Luna A, Ferreira F, Durandetti M. Modular access to substituted germoles by intramolecular germylzincation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3901-3904. [PMID: 35234232 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07163g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular alkyne germylzincation giving access to a wide range of germoles is achieved from triarylhydrogermanes in the presence of diethylzinc and AIBN as radical initiator. The reaction proceeds through activation of the Ge-H bond, leading to a heteroarylzinc intermediate after cyclisation, which can then be involved in a post-functionalisation reaction. Our results show that only 5-endo-dig cyclizations occur, with benzogermoles being exclusively obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seydou Kassamba
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Alejandro Perez-Luna
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Franck Ferreira
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Muriel Durandetti
- Normandie Univ., UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038), 76000 Rouen, France.
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5
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Budny-Godlewski K, Leszczyński MK, Tulewicz A, Justyniak I, Pinkowicz D, Sieklucka B, Kruczała K, Sojka Z, Lewiński J. A Case Study on the Desired Selectivity in Solid-State Mechano- and Slow-Chemistry, Melt, and Solution Methodologies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:3887-3894. [PMID: 34289248 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based syntheses are omnipresent in chemistry but are often associated with obvious disadvantages, and the search for new mild and green synthetic methods continues to be a hot topic. Here, comparative studies in four different reaction media were conducted, that is, the solid-state mechano- and slow-chemistry synthesis, melted phase, and solution protocols, and the impact of the employed solvent-free solid-state versus liquid-phase synthetic approaches was highlighted on a pool of products. A moderately exothermic model reaction system was chosen based on bis(pentafluorophenyl)zinc, (C6 F5 )2 Zn, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl oxide (TEMPO) as a stable nitroxyl radical, anticipating that these reagents may offer a unique landscape for addressing kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of wet and solvent-free solid-state processes. In a toluene solution two distinct paramagnetic Lewis acid-base adducts (C6 F5 )2 Zn(η1 -TEMPO) (1) and (C6 F5 )2 Zn(η1 -TEMPO)2 (2) equilibrated, but only 2 was affordable by crystallization. In turn, crystallization from the melt was the only method yielding single crystals of 1. Moreover, the solid-state approaches were stoichiometry sensitive and allowed for the selective synthesis of both adducts by simple stoichiometric control over the substrates. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to examine selected structural and thermodynamic features of the adducts 1 and 2. Compound 2 is a unique non-redox active metal complex supported by two nitroxide radicals, and the magnetic studies revealed weak-to-moderate intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions between the two coordinated TEMPO molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Budny-Godlewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał K Leszczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Tulewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Sieklucka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kruczała
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sojka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Cracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Mizuta Y, Okada H, Zhao C, Sugimoto R, Nishiwaki N, Kobiro K. Surface functionalization of ethylene–tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film with poly(methyl methacrylate) via chemical radical polymerization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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He YT, Karimata A, Gladkovskaya O, Khaskin E, Fayzullin RR, Sarbajna A, Khusnutdinova JR. C–C Bond Elimination from High-Valent Mn Aryl Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao He
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Ayumu Karimata
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Olga Gladkovskaya
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Robert R. Fayzullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Street, Kazan 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Abir Sarbajna
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
| | - Julia R. Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495 Japan
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8
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Tulewicz A, Wolska-Pietkiewicz M, Jędrzejewska M, Ratajczyk T, Justyniak I, Lewiński J. Towards Extended Zinc Ethylsulfinate Networks by Stepwise Insertion of Sulfur Dioxide into Zn-C Bonds. Chemistry 2019; 25:14072-14080. [PMID: 31379036 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The ability to utilize polluting gases in efficient metal-mediated transformations is one of the most pressing challenges of modern chemistry. Despite numerous studies on the insertion of SO2 into M-C bonds, the chemical reaction of SO2 with organozinc compounds remains little explored. To fill this gap, we report here the systematic study of the reaction of Et2 Zn towards SO2 as well as the influence of Lewis bases on the reaction course. Whereas the equimolar reaction provided a novel example of a structurally characterized organozinc ethylsulfinate compound of general formula [(EtSO2 )ZnEt]n , the utilization of an excess of SO2 led to the formation of the zinc(II) bis(ethylsulfinate) compound [(EtSO2 )2 Zn]n . Moreover, we have discovered that the presence of N-donor Lewis bases represents an efficient tool for the preparation of extended zinc ethylsulfinates, which in turn led to the formation of 1D [(EtSO2 ZnEt)2 (hmta)]n and 2D [((EtSO2 )2 Zn)2 (DABCO)]n ⋅solv (in which solv=THF or toluene, hmta= hexamethylenetetramine, and DABCO=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) coordination polymers, respectively. The results of DFT calculations on the reactivity of SO2 towards selected Zn-C reactive species as well as the role of an N-donor Lewis base on the stabilization of the transition states complement the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Tulewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maria Jędrzejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ratajczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Huang D, Olivieri D, Sun Y, Zhang P, Newhouse TR. Nickel-Catalyzed Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes Initiated by Unstabilized Enolates. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16249-16254. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Diego Olivieri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Pengpeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Timothy R. Newhouse
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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10
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Budny-Godlewski K, Justyniak I, Leszczyński MK, Lewiński J. Mechanochemical and slow-chemistry radical transformations: a case of diorganozinc compounds and TEMPO. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7149-7155. [PMID: 31588281 PMCID: PMC6686643 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
From the green chemistry perspective, molecular solid-state transformations conducted under mild conditions are of great interest and desirability. However, research in this area lacked popularity in the previous century, and thus progressed slowly. In particular, the application of radical reactions in solid-state chemistry has been hampered by several long-standing challenges that are intrinsically associated with the apparent unpredictable nature of radical chemistry. We present a comparative study of model mechanochemical, slow-chemistry and solution radical reactions between TEMPO and homoleptic organozinc compounds (i.e., di-tert-butylzinc and diphenylzinc). In the case of the tBu2Zn/TEMPO reaction system only a dimeric diamagnetic complex [tBuZn(μ-TEMPO*)]2 is obtained in yields slightly varying with the method chosen. In contrast, when TEMPO is mixed with diphenylzinc in a 2 : 1 molar ratio a novel paramagnetic Lewis acid-base adduct [[Ph2Zn(η1-TEMPO)]·TEMPO] is isolated in high yields regardless of the applied methodology. This adduct is also formed in the slow-chemistry process when TEMPO is gently mixed with Ph2Zn in a 1 : 1 molar ratio and left for two weeks at ambient temperature. Within the next week the reaction mixture gives in high yield a diamagnetic dinuclear compound [PhZn(μ-TEMPO*)][PhZn(μ2-η1:η1-TEMPO*)] and biphenyl. The analogous reaction conducted in toluene results in a much lower conversion rate. The reported results open up a new horizon in molecular solid-state radical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Budny-Godlewski
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Michał K Leszczyński
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland
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11
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Beejapur HA, Zhang Q, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang J, Ye Z. TEMPO in Chemical Transformations: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b05001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hazi Ahmad Beejapur
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Biofuel, Biodiesel Laboratory of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Ye
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada
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12
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Pietrzak T, Justyniak I, Park JV, Terlecki M, Kapuśniak Ł, Lewiński J. Reaching Milestones in the Oxygenation Chemistry of Magnesium Alkyls: towards Intimate States of O
2
Activation and the First Monomeric Well‐Defined Magnesium Alkylperoxide. Chemistry 2019; 25:2503-2510. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pietrzak
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Jiwon Victoria Park
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA
| | - Michał Terlecki
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Łukasz Kapuśniak
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Science Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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13
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van der Puyl VA, Derosa J, Engle KM. Directed, Nickel-Catalyzed Umpolung 1,2-Carboamination of Alkenyl Carbonyl Compounds. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A. van der Puyl
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Joseph Derosa
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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14
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Folkertsma E, Benthem SH, Jastrzebski JTBH, Lutz M, Moret M, Klein Gebbink RJM. 1,2-Addition of Diethylzinc to a Bis(Imidazolyl)ketone Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018; 2018:1167-1175. [PMID: 29937689 PMCID: PMC5993287 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the selective 1,2-addition of diethylzinc to the ketone functionality of BMdiPhIK [bis(1-methyl-4,5-diphenylimidazolyl)ketone] is shown. The reaction product is isolated in a dimeric form with a planar Zn2(µ-O)2-motif keeping the two monomers together. This compound can serve as a model for reactive intermediates in the catalytic alkylation of ketones with diorganozinc reagents. Hydrolysis of this binuclear zinc compound leads to isolation of the C-alkylated product in 89 % yield. A reaction pathway is proposed in which BMdiPhIK initially coordinates to diethylzinc as a bidentate bis(nitrogen) ligand. This is followed by the homolytic cleavage of the Zn-Et bond and in-cage recombination of the Et-radical and the Zn-coordinated ligand-centered radical, which is mainly localized on the carbonyl moiety of the ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Folkertsma
- Organic Chemistry & CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sanne H. Benthem
- Organic Chemistry & CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johann T. B. H. Jastrzebski
- Organic Chemistry & CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Crystal and Structural ChemistryBijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityPadualaan 83584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc‐Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry & CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Robertus J. M. Klein Gebbink
- Organic Chemistry & CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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15
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Pietrzak T, Korzyński MD, Justyniak I, Zelga K, Kornowicz A, Ochal Z, Lewiński J. Unprecedented Variety of Outcomes in the Oxygenation of Dinuclear Alkylzinc Derivatives of an N
,N
-Coupled Bis(β-diketimine). Chemistry 2017; 23:7997-8005. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Science; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karolina Zelga
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kornowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew Ochal
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Science; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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16
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Pietrzak T, Kubisiak M, Justyniak I, Zelga K, Bojarski E, Tratkiewicz E, Ochal Z, Lewiński J. Oxygenation Chemistry of Magnesium Alkyls Incorporating β-Diketiminate Ligands Revisited. Chemistry 2016; 22:17776-17783. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Pietrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marcin Kubisiak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Science; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Karolina Zelga
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Emil Bojarski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ewa Tratkiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Zbigniew Ochal
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Polish Academy of Science; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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17
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Thompson JR, Ahmet IY, Johnson AL, Kociok‐Köhn G. Tin(IV) Chalcogenide Complexes: Single Source Precursors for SnS, SnSe and SnTe Nanoparticle Synthesis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Thompson
- Center for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Ibbi Y. Ahmet
- Center for Sustainable Chemical TechnologiesDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Johnson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath.Claverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok‐Köhn
- Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility (CCAF)University of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
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18
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Sølvhøj A, Ahlburg A, Madsen R. Dimethylzinc-Initiated Radical Coupling of β-Bromostyrenes with Ethers and Amines. Chemistry 2015; 21:16272-9. [PMID: 26377614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A new coupling reaction has been developed in which β-bromostyrenes react with ethers and tertiary amines to introduce the styryl group in the α-position. The transformation is mediated by Me2 Zn/O2 with 10 % MnCl2 and is believed to proceed by a radical addition-elimination mechanism. The ether and the amine are employed as solvent and the coupling takes place through the most stable α radical for unsymmetrical substrates. The products are obtained in moderate to good yields as the pure E isomers. The coupling can be achieved with a range of smaller cyclic and acyclic ethers/amines as well as various substituted β-bromostyrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Sølvhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Andreas Ahlburg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark)
| | - Robert Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby (Denmark).
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19
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Kubisiak M, Zelga K, Bury W, Justyniak I, Budny-Godlewski K, Ochal Z, Lewiński J. Development of zinc alkyl/air systems as radical initiators for organic reactions. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3102-3108. [PMID: 28706684 PMCID: PMC5490337 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a series of comparative experiments on the activity of carbon- and oxygen-centred radical species in a model reaction of the radical addition of THF to imines mediated by a series of zinc alkyl/air reaction systems. The study strongly contradicts the notion that generally R˙ radicals are the initiating species in organic reactions mediated by R n M/air systems, and simultaneously demonstrates that oxygen-centred radical species are the key intermediates responsible for the initiation process. In addition, a new efficient RZn(L)/air initiating system for radical organic reactions exampled by a model reaction of radical addition of THF to imines is developed. Moreover, the isolation and structural characterization of the first zinc alkylperoxide supported by a carboxylate ligand, [Zn4(μ3-OOtBu)3(μ4-O)(O2CEt)3]2, as well as the novel octanuclear zinc oxo(alkoxide) aggregate with entrapped O-THF species, [Zn4(μ4-O)(μ3-2-O-THF)(O2CEt)5]2, provide clear mechanistic signatures for the mode of function of the RZn(O2CR')/air system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kubisiak
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Karolina Zelga
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Wojciech Bury
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland . ; Tel: +48 22 3432076
| | - Krzysztof Budny-Godlewski
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Zbigniew Ochal
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Department of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland . ; ; Tel: +48 22 2347315
- Institute of Physical Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , Kasprzaka 44/52 , 01-224 Warsaw , Poland . ; Tel: +48 22 3432076
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20
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Murarka S, Möbus J, Erker G, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Studer A. TEMPO-mediated homocoupling of aryl Grignard reagents: mechanistic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:2762-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of TEMPO mediated oxidative homo-coupling of aryl Grignard reagents to biphenyls is investigated in detail by experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Murarka
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Juri Möbus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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