1
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Hoefler JC, Jackson D, Blümel J. Surface-Assisted Selective Air Oxidation of Phosphines Adsorbed on Activated Carbon. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9275-9287. [PMID: 38722182 PMCID: PMC11110008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Trialkyl- and triarylphosphines readily adsorb onto the surface of porous activated carbon (AC) even in the absence of solvents through van der Waals interactions between the lone electron pair and the AC surface. This process has been proven by solid-state NMR techniques. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the AC enables the fast and selective oxidation of adsorbed phosphines to phosphine oxides at ambient temperature in air. In solution, trialkylphosphines are oxidized to a variety of P(V) species when exposed to the atmosphere, while neat or dissolved triarylphosphines cannot be oxidized with air. When the trialkyl- and triarylphosphines PnBu3 (1), PEt3, (2), PnOct3 (3), PMetBu2 (4), PCy3 (5), and PPh3 (6) are adsorbed in a mono- or submonolayer on the surface of AC, in the absence of a solvent and at ambient temperature, they are quantitatively oxidized to the adsorbed phosphine oxides, 1ox-6ox, once air is admitted. No formation of any unwanted P(V) side products or water adducts is observed. The phosphine oxides can then be recovered in good yields by washing them off of the AC. The oxidation is likely facilitated by a radical activation of molecular oxygen due to delocalized electrons on the aromatic surface coating of AC, as proven by ESR. This easy and inexpensive oxidation method renders hydrogen peroxide or other oxidizers unnecessary and is broadly applicable to sterically hindered and even to air-stable triarylphosphines. Phosphines adsorbed at lower surface coverages on AC oxidize at a faster rate. All oxidation reactions were monitored by solution- and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Hoefler
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
| | - Devin Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
| | - Janet Blümel
- Department of Chemistry, Texas
A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-3012, United States
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2
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Weick F, Hagmeyer N, Giraud M, Dietzek-Ivanšić B, Wagenknecht HA. Reductive Activation of Aryl Chlorides by Tuning the Radical Cation Properties of N-Phenylphenothiazines as Organophotoredox Catalysts. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302347. [PMID: 37589486 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Aryl chlorides as substrates for arylations present a particular challenge for photoredox catalytic activation due to their strong C(sp2 )-Cl bond and their strong reduction potential. Electron-rich N-phenylphenothiazines, as organophotoredox catalysts, are capable of cleaving aryl chlorides simply by photoinduced electron transfer without the need for an additional electrochemical activation setup or any other advanced photocatalysis technique. Due to the extremely strong reduction potential in the excited state of the N-phenylphenothiazines the substrate scope is high and includes aryl chlorides both with electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents. We evidence this reactivity for photocatalytic borylations and phosphonylations. Advanced time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy in combination with electrochemistry was the key to elucidating and comparing the unusual photophysical properties not only of the N-phenylphenothiazines, but also of their cation radicals as the central intermediates in the photocatalytic cycle. The revealed photophysics allowed the excited-state and radical-cation properties to be fine-tuned by the molecular design of the N-phenylphenothiazines; this improved the photocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weick
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Nina Hagmeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Madeleine Giraud
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Achim Wagenknecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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3
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Xin T, Cummins CC. Mechanochemical Phosphorylation of Acetylides Using Condensed Phosphates: A Sustainable Route to Alkynyl Phosphonates. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1575-1580. [PMID: 37637745 PMCID: PMC10451036 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of a more sustainable route to phosphorus-carbon (P-C) bond-containing chemicals, we herein report that phosphonates can be prepared by mechanochemical phosphorylation of acetylides using polyphosphates in a single step, redox-neutral process, bypassing white phosphorus (P4) and other high-energy, environmentally hazardous intermediates. Using sodium triphosphate (Na5P3O10) and acetylides, alkynyl phosphonates 1 can be isolated in yields of up to 32%, while reaction of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7) and sodium carbide (Na2C2) engendered, in an optimized yield of 63%, ethynyl phosphonate 2, an easily isolable compound that can be readily converted to useful organophosphorus chemicals. Highly condensed phosphates like Graham's salt and bioproduced polyphosphate were also found to be compatible after reducing the chain length by grinding with orthophosphate. These results demonstrate the possibility of accessing organophosphorus chemicals directly from condensed phosphates and may offer an opportunity to move toward a "greener" phosphorus industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiansi Xin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher C. Cummins
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Oßwald S, Zippel C, Hassan Z, Nieger M, Bräse S. C-P bond formation of cyclophanyl-, and aryl halides via a UV-induced photo Arbuzov reaction: a versatile portal to phosphonate-grafted scaffolds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3309-3312. [PMID: 35425357 PMCID: PMC8979280 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00094f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new versatile method for the C–P bond formation of (hetero)aryl halides with trimethyl phosphite via a UV-induced photo-Arbuzov reaction, accessing diverse phosphonate-grafted arenes, heteroarenes and co-facially stacked cyclophanes under mild reaction conditions without the need for catalyst, additives, or base is developed. The UV-induced photo-Arbuzov protocol has a wide synthetic scope with large functional group compatibility exemplified by over 30 derivatives. Besides mono-phosphonates, di- and tri-phosphonates are accessible in good to excellent yields. Mild and transition metal-free reaction conditions consolidate this method's potential for synthesizing pharmaceutically relevant compounds and precursors of supramolecular nanostructured materials. UV-induced C–P bond formation of aryl halides via photo Arbuzov reaction: a versatile portal to phosphonate-grafted scaffolds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Oßwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christoph Zippel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Zahid Hassan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany .,Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Herman-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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5
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P-chirogenic phosphorus compounds by stereoselective Pd-catalysed arylation of phosphoramidites. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00697-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Lee K, Thomas CM. Nickel-Templated Replacement of Phosphine Substituents in a Tetradentate Bis(amido)bis(phosphine) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17348-17356. [PMID: 34709799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of phosphine substituents in nickel-bound PNNP ligands is reported as an alternative method for preparing multidentate phosphine ligands with alkyl substituents. Treatment of the previously reported bis(phosphide) complex {K(THF)x}22Ph[PNNP]Ni (2) with 2 equiv of MeI, iPrI, and 1,3-dibromoethane formed alkyl-substituted complexes 2Ph,2Me[PNNP]Ni (3), 2Ph,2iPr[PNNP]Ni (4), and 2Ph,propylene[PNNP]Ni (5), respectively. The stereoselectivity (racemic vs meso) of these reactions can be controlled by varying the reaction temperature. The racemic mixtures of products with the new alkyl substituents in an anti configuration were favored at lower temperatures, whereas a larger proportion of meso compounds was acquired at higher temperatures. Further treatment of 3 with KH resulted in selective elimination of the remaining phenyl groups rather than the methyl substituents, affording bis(methylphosphide) complex {K(THF)x}22Me[PNNP]Ni (6). Subsequent treatment of 6 with additional MeI formed 4Me[PNNP]Ni (7), in which all four phenyl groups were replaced with methyl substituents. As a proof of concept, demetalation of the ligand from 7 was achieved using aqueous KCN to form a free dimethylphosphine-substituted ligand H24Me[PNNP] (8), and 8 was subsequently coordinated to a different metal, using PdCl2 to form 4Me[PNNP]Pd (9). Unlike the clean elimination of phenyl substituents from 3, the reactions of KH with 4 and 5 exhibited competitive elimination of both alkyl and phenyl substituents and/or attenuated reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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7
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Newman-Stonebraker SH, Smith SR, Borowski JE, Peters E, Gensch T, Johnson HC, Sigman MS, Doyle AG. Univariate classification of phosphine ligation state and reactivity in cross-coupling catalysis. Science 2021; 374:301-308. [PMID: 34648340 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sleight R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julia E Borowski
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ellyn Peters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Heather C Johnson
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Matthew S Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Abigail G Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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8
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Bembenek BM, Petersen MMS, Lilly JA, Haugen AL, Jiter NJ, Johnson AJ, Ripp EE, Winchell SA, Harvat AN, McNulty C, Thein SA, Grieger AM, Lyle BJ, Mraz GL, Stitgen AM, Foss S, Schmid ML, Scanlon JD, Willoughby PH. The Aryne-Abramov Reaction as a 1,2-Benzdiyne Platform for the Generation and Solvent-Dependent Trapping of 3-Phosphonyl Benzynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10724-10746. [PMID: 34236859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic methodology utilizing two aryne intermediates (i.e., a formal benzdiyne) enables the rapid generation of structurally complex molecules with diverse functionality. This report describes the sequential generation of two ortho-benzyne intermediates for the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted aryl phosphonates. Aryl phosphonates have proven useful in medicinal chemistry and materials science, and the reported methodology provides a two-step route to functionally dense variants by way of 3-phosphonyl benzyne intermediates. The process begins with regioselective trapping of a 3-trifloxybenzyne intermediate by an O-silyl phosphite in an Abramov-like reaction to bond the strained Csp carbons with phosphorus and silicon. Standard aryne-generating conditions follow to convert the resulting 2-silylphenyl triflate into a 3-phosphonyl benzyne, which readily reacts with numerous aryne trapping reactants to form a variety of 2,3-difunctionalized aryl phosphonate products. DFT computational studies shed light on important mechanistic details and revealed that 3-phosphonyl benzynes are highly polarizable. Specifically, the distortion in the internal bond angles at each of the Csp atoms was strongly influenced by both the electronegativity of the phosphonate ester groups as well as the dielectric of the computational solvation model. These effects were verified experimentally as the regioselectivity of benzyl azide trapping increased with more electronegative esters and/or increasingly polar solvents. Conversely, replacing the conventional solvent, acetonitrile, with nonpolar alternatives provided attenuated or even inverted selectivities. Overall, these studies showcase new reactivity of benzyne intermediates and extend the aryne relay methodology to include organophosphonates. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that the regioselectivity of aryne trapping reactions could be tuned by simply changing the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna M Bembenek
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Maya M S Petersen
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Julia A Lilly
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Amber L Haugen
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Naomi J Jiter
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Andrew J Johnson
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Ethan E Ripp
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Shelby A Winchell
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Alisha N Harvat
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Caitlin McNulty
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Sierra A Thein
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Abbigail M Grieger
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Brandon J Lyle
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Gabriella L Mraz
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Abigail M Stitgen
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Samuel Foss
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Merranda L Schmid
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Joseph D Scanlon
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
| | - Patrick H Willoughby
- Chemistry Department, Ripon College, 300 West Seward Street, Ripon, Wisconsin 54971, United States
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9
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Huang Y, Hu Y, Han Y, Ou Y, Huo Y, Li X, Chen Q. Direct Synthesis of ortho-Halogenated Arylphosphonates via a Three-Component Reaction Involving Arynes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:7010-7018. [PMID: 33881847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A three-component reaction involving arynes, trialkyl phosphites, and halides has been achieved under mild reaction conditions. This transformation provides a direct synthetic approach to ortho-halogenated arylphosphonates, which could be rapidly converted to diversely ortho-functionalized arylphosphorus compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingcong Ou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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10
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Bortoluzzi M, Castro J, Di Vera A, Palù A, Ferraro V. Manganese( ii) bromo- and iodo-complexes with phosphoramidate and phosphonate ligands: synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02053f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoramidates and phosphonates are suitable ligands for the preparation of tetrahedral mono- and polynuclear Mn(ii) complexes characterized by green luminescence, influenced by the symmetry of the compounds and by the P-bonded substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bortoluzzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Via Torino 155
- I-30170 Mestre
- Italy
| | - Jesús Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidade de Vigo
- Facultade de Química
- Edificio de Ciencias Experimentais
- 36310 Vigo
| | - Andrea Di Vera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Via Torino 155
- I-30170 Mestre
- Italy
| | - Alberto Palù
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Via Torino 155
- I-30170 Mestre
- Italy
| | - Valentina Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi
- Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia
- Via Torino 155
- I-30170 Mestre
- Italy
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11
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Estruch-Blasco M, Felipe-Blanco D, Bosque I, Gonzalez-Gomez JC. Radical Arylation of Triphenyl Phosphite Catalyzed by Salicylic Acid: Mechanistic Investigations and Synthetic Applications. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14473-14485. [PMID: 32419452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and scalable methodology to synthesize diphenyl arylphosphonates at 20 °C within 1-2 h is reported using inexpensive SA as the catalytic promoter of the reaction. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the reaction proceeds via radical-radical coupling, consistent with the so-called persistent radical effect. The reaction tolerated a wide range of functional groups and heteroaromatic moieties. The synthetic usefulness and the unique reactivity of the obtained phosphonates were demonstrated in different one-step transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Estruch-Blasco
- Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego Felipe-Blanco
- Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Irene Bosque
- Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Jose C Gonzalez-Gomez
- Instituto de Sı́ntesis Orgánica (ISO) and Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Apartado 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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12
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Finkbeiner P, Hehn JP, Gnamm C. Phosphine Oxides from a Medicinal Chemist's Perspective: Physicochemical and in Vitro Parameters Relevant for Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7081-7107. [PMID: 32479078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine oxides and related phosphorus-containing functional groups such as phosphonates and phosphinates are established structural motifs that are still underrepresented in today's drug discovery projects, and only few examples can be found among approved drugs. In this account, the physicochemical and in vitro properties of phosphine oxides and related phosphorus-containing functional groups are reported and compared to more commonly used structural motifs in drug discovery. Furthermore, the impact on the physicochemical properties of a real drug scaffold is exemplified by a series of phosphorus-containing analogs of imatinib. We demonstrate that phosphine oxides are highly polar functional groups leading to high solubility and metabolic stability but occasionally at the cost of reduced permeability. We conclude that phosphine oxides and related phosphorus-containing functional groups are valuable polar structural elements and that they deserve to be considered as a routine part of every medicinal chemist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Finkbeiner
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jörg P Hehn
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Christian Gnamm
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Straße 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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13
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Bryant DJ, Zakharov LN, Tyler DR. Synthesis and Study of a Dialkylbiaryl Phosphine Ligand; Lessons for Rational Ligand Design. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon J. Bryant
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N. Zakharov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R. Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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14
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Pedroarena JR, Nell BP, Zakharov LN, Tyler DR. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Bis(phosphine) Oxides and Their Phosphines via Secondary Phosphine Oxide Precursors. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Marín M, Moreno JJ, Navarro‐Gilabert C, Álvarez E, Maya C, Peloso R, Nicasio MC, Carmona E. Synthesis, Structure and Nickel Carbonyl Complexes of Dialkylterphenyl Phosphines. Chemistry 2018; 25:260-272. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Marín
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203 41071 Sevilla Spain
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Carlos Navarro‐Gilabert
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química InorgánicaUniversidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203 41071 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla Avda. Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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16
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Schimler SD, Froese RDJ, Bland DC, Sanford MS. Reactions of Arylsulfonate Electrophiles with NMe4F: Mechanistic Insight, Reactivity, and Scope. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11178-11190. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sydonie D. Schimler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert D. J. Froese
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Douglas C. Bland
- Core Research and Development, The Dow Chemical Company, 1710 Building, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Melanie S. Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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17
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Continuous Flow Alcoholysis of Dialkyl H-Phosphonates with Aliphatic Alcohols. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071618. [PMID: 29970851 PMCID: PMC6100214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous flow alcoholysis of dialkyl H-phosphonates by aliphatic alcohols in the absence of a catalyst was elaborated using a microwave (MW) reactor equipped with a flow cell. By the precise control of the reaction conditions, the synthesis could be fine-tuned towards dialkyl H-phosphonates with two different and with two identical alkyl groups. In contrast to the "traditional" batch alcoholysis, flow approaches required shorter reaction times, and the products became available at a larger scale.
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18
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Rinehart NI, Kendall AJ, Tyler DR. A Universally Applicable Methodology for the Gram-Scale Synthesis of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Phosphines. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Ian Rinehart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Alexander J. Kendall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R. Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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19
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Vetter AC, Nikitin K, Gilheany DG. Long sought synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts from phosphine oxides: inverse reactivity approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5843-5846. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of Grignard reagents with chlorophosphonium salts provides a conceptually new synthesis of quaternary phosphonium salts from phosphine oxides by using inverse reactivity at phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Vetter
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Kirill Nikitin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Declan G. Gilheany
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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20
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Korzeniowska E, Kozioł AE, Łastawiecka E, Flis A, Stankevič M. The reactivity of arylphosphine oxides under Bouveault-Blanc reaction conditions. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Nishiyama Y, Hazama Y, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Tertiary Phosphine Oxides via Sequential Substitution Reaction of Phosphonic Acid Dithioesters with Grignard Reagents. Org Lett 2017; 19:3899-3902. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience,
Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuki Hazama
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience,
Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience,
Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience,
Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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22
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Liao LL, Gui YY, Zhang XB, Shen G, Liu HD, Zhou WJ, Li J, Yu DG. Phosphorylation of Alkenyl and Aryl C–O Bonds via Photoredox/Nickel Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2017; 19:3735-3738. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Liao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Yuan Gui
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Guo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641112, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Da-Gang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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23
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Kendall AJ, Seidenkranz DT, Tyler DR. Improved Synthetic Route to Heteroleptic Alkylphosphine Oxides. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kendall
- University of Oregon, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Daniel T. Seidenkranz
- University of Oregon, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R. Tyler
- University of Oregon, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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24
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Lovinger GJ, Aparece MD, Morken JP. Pd-Catalyzed Conjunctive Cross-Coupling between Grignard-Derived Boron "Ate" Complexes and C(sp 2) Halides or Triflates: NaOTf as a Grignard Activator and Halide Scavenger. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3153-3160. [PMID: 28161943 PMCID: PMC5539536 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective conjunctive cross-couplings that employ Grignard reagents are shown to furnish an array of nonracemic chiral organoboronic esters in an efficient and highly selective fashion. The utility of sodium triflate in facilitating this reaction is two-fold: it enables "ate" complex formation and overcomes catalytic inhibition by halide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J. Lovinger
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - Mark D. Aparece
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
| | - James P. Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467
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25
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Yang J, Xiao J, Chen T, Han LB. Nickel-Catalyzed Phosphorylation of Phenol Derivatives via C–O/P–H Cross-Coupling. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3911-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Tieqiao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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26
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Kendall AJ, Zakharov LN, Tyler DR. Steric and Electronic Influences of Buchwald-Type Alkyl-JohnPhos Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3079-90. [PMID: 26913633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electron-donating and steric properties of Buchwald-type ligands ([1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl]dialkylphosphine; R-JohnPhos, where R = Me, Et, (i)Pr, Cy, (t)Bu) were determined. The π-acidity and σ-donating properties of the R-JohnPhos ligands were quantified using a Cotton-Kraihanzel analysis of the Cr(0)(CO)5(R-JohnPhos) complexes. Somewhat surprisingly, the σ-donating abilities of the R-JohnPhos ligands follow the trend (t)Bu-JohnPhos < Et-JohnPhos < (i)Pr-JohnPhos < Cy-JohnPhos ≪ Me-JohnPhos. This ordering is proposed to arise from competition between the intrinsic electron-donating ability of the R groups (Me < Et < (i)Pr ≈ Cy < (t)Bu) and steric interactions (front and back strain) that decrease the electron-donating ability of the phosphine. X-ray crystallographic data of 22 metal complexes (general forms: trans-Cr(0)(CO)4(PR3)2, Pd(0)(PR3)2(η(2)-dba), and trans-Pd(II)(Cl)2(PR3)2) were also analyzed to help explain the electronic trends measured for the R-JohnPhos ligands. The R-JohnPhos ligands are exceptionally sensitive to back strain in comparison to typical phosphines, and the strong σ-donating ability of the Methyl-JohnPhos ligand is attributed to its ability to avoid both front strain and back strain. Consequently, the -PMe2 moiety allows for very short phosphorus-metal bond distances. Because of the sterically dominating o-biphenyl and close phosphorus-metal bond distances, MeJPhos maintains a large overall steric profile that is actually larger than that of CyJPhos as measured by percent buried volume (%V(bur)). Overall, the -PMe2 moiety is a powerful way to incorporate strong σ-donation into "designer" phosphines while retaining other advantageous structural and reactivity properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Kendall
- University of Oregon , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- University of Oregon , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - David R Tyler
- University of Oregon , Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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27
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28
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Chen Q, Yan X, Du Z, Zhang K, Wen C. P-Arylation of Dialkyl Phosphites and Secondary Phosphine Oxides with Arynes. J Org Chem 2015; 81:276-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinxing Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhiyun Du
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chunxiao Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering
and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
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29
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Ortega-Moreno L, Peloso R, Maya C, Suárez A, Carmona E. Platinum(0) olefin complexes of a bulky terphenylphosphine ligand. Synthetic, structural and reactivity studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17008-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07308a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel terphenylphosphine PMe2ArDipp2 (1) (Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) forms stable Pt(0) complexes with ethene and 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene that behave as sources of the reactive Pt(PMe2ArDipp2) fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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30
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Abstract
This perspective presents an overview of modern synthetic approaches to heteroleptic phosphines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David R. Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Oregon
- Eugene
- 97403 USA
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