1
|
Morris RH. Reactivity umpolung (reversal) of ligands in transition metal complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2808-2827. [PMID: 38353155 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The success and power of homogeneous catalysis derives in large part from the wide choice of transition metal ions and their ligands. This tutorial review introduces examples where the reactivity of a ligand is completely reversed (umpolung) from Lewis basic/nucleophilic to acidic/electrophilic or vice versa on changing the metal and co-ligands. Understanding this phenomenon will assist in the rational design of catalysts and the understanding of metalloenzyme mechanisms. Labelling a metal and ligand with Seebach donor and acceptor labels helps to identify whether a reaction involving the intermolecular attack on the ligand is displaying native reactivity or reactivity umpolung. This has been done for complexes of nitriles, carbonyls, isonitriles, dinitrogen, Fischer carbenes, alkenes, alkynes, hydrides, methyls, methylidenes and alkylidenes, silylenes, oxides, imides/nitrenes, alkylidynes, methylidynes, and nitrides. The electronic influence of the metal and co-ligands is discussed in terms of the energy of (HOMO) d electrons. The energy can be related to the pKLACa (LAC is ligand acidity constant) of the theoretical hydride complexes [H-[M]-L]+ formed by the protonation of pair of valence d electrons on the metal in the [M-L] complex. Preliminary findings indicate that a negative pKLACa indicates that nucleophilic attack by a carbanion or amine on the ligand will likely occur while a positive pKLACa indicates that electrophilic attack by strong acids on the ligand will usually occur when the ligand is nitrile, carbonyl, isonitrile, alkene and η6-arene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3H6.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Portugués A, Martínez-Nortes MÁ, Bautista D, González-Herrero P, Gil-Rubio J. Reductive Elimination Reactions in Gold(III) Complexes Leading to C(sp 3)-X (X = C, N, P, O, Halogen) Bond Formation: Inner-Sphere vs S N2 Pathways. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1708-1718. [PMID: 36658748 PMCID: PMC9890567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The reactions leading to the formation of C-heteroatom bonds in the coordination sphere of Au(III) complexes are uncommon, and their mechanisms are not well known. This work reports on the synthesis and reductive elimination reactions of a series of Au(III) methyl complexes containing different Au-heteroatom bonds. Complexes [Au(CF3)(Me)(X)(PR3)] (R = Ph, X = OTf, OClO3, ONO2, OC(O)CF3, F, Cl, Br; R = Cy, X = Me, OTf, Br) were obtained by the reaction of trans-[Au(CF3)(Me)2(PR3)] (R = Ph, Cy) with HX. The cationic complex cis-[Au(CF3)(Me)(PPh3)2]OTf was obtained by the reaction of [Au(CF3)(Me)(OTf)(PPh3)] with PPh3. Heating these complexes led to the reductive elimination of MeX (X = Me, Ph3P+, OTf, OClO3, ONO2, OC(O)CF3, F, Cl, Br). Mechanistic studies indicate that these reductive elimination reactions occur either through (a) the formation of tricoordinate intermediates by phosphine dissociation, followed by reductive elimination of MeX, or (b) the attack of weakly coordinating anionic (TfO- or ClO4-) or neutral nucleophiles (PPh3 or NEt3) to the Au-bound methyl carbon. The obtained results show for the first time that the nucleophilic substitution should be considered as a likely reductive elimination pathway in Au(III) alkyl complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Portugués
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-Nortes
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- ACTI,
Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Herrero
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Gil-Rubio
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin X, Vigalok A, Vedernikov AN. Aryl C(sp 2)-X Coupling (X = C, N, O, Cl) and Facile Control of N-Mono- and N,N-Diarylation of Primary Alkylamines at a Pt(IV) Center. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20725-20734. [PMID: 33226792 PMCID: PMC7884019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
present the first example of an unprecedented and fast aryl
C(sp2)–X reductive elimination from a series of
isolated Pt(IV) aryl complexes (Ar = p-FC6H4) LPtIVF(py)(Ar)X (X = CN, Cl, 4-OC6H4NO2) and LPtIVF2(Ar)(HX)
(X = NHAlk; Alk = n-Bu, PhCH2, cyclo-C6H11, t-Bu, cyclopropylmethyl)
bearing a bulky bidentate 2-[bis(adamant-1-yl)phosphino]phenoxide
ligand (L). The C(sp2)–X reductive elimination reactions
of all isolated Pt(IV) complexes follow first-order kinetics and were
modeled using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. When a
difluoro complex LPtIVF2(Ar)(py) is treated
with TMS–X (TMS = trimethylsilyl; X= NMe2, SPh,
OPh, CCPh) it also gives the corresponding products of the Ar–X
coupling but without observable LPtIVF(py)(Ar)X intermediates.
Remarkably, the LPtIVF2(Ar)(HX) complexes with
alkylamine ligands (HX = NH2Alk) form selectively either
mono- (ArNHAlk) or diarylated (Ar2NAlk) products in the
presence or absence of an added Et3N, respectively. This
method allows for a one-pot preparation of diarylalkylamine bearing
different aryl groups. These findings were also applied in unprecedented
mono- and di-N-arylation of amino acid derivatives (lysine and tryptophan)
under very mild conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lin
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Arkadi Vigalok
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Andrei N Vedernikov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ríos P, Rodríguez A, Conejero S. Enhancing the catalytic properties of well-defined electrophilic platinum complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5333-5349. [PMID: 32373864 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platinum complexes have been often considered as the least reactive of the group 10 triad metals. Slow kinetics are behind this lack of reactivity but, still, some industrially relevant catalytic process are dominated by platinum compounds and sometimes different selectivities can be found in comparison to Ni or Pd. Nevertheless, during the last years, it has been reported that the catalytic behaviour of well-defined platinum derivatives can be improved through a judicious choice of their electronic and steric properties, leading to highly electrophilic or low-electron count platinum systems. In this feature article, we highlight some catalytic processes in which well-defined electrophilic platinum complexes or coordinatively unsaturated systems play an important role in their catalytic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Astakhov AV, Soliev SB, Gordeev EG, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Relative stabilities of M/NHC complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) against R-NHC, X-NHC and X-X couplings in M(0)/M(ii) and M(ii)/M(iv) catalytic cycles: a theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17052-17062. [PMID: 31696883 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of Ni, Pd, and Pt with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyze numerous organic reactions via proposed typical M0/MII catalytic cycles comprising intermediates with the metal center in (0) and (II) oxidation states. In addition, MII/MIV catalytic cycles have been proposed for a number of reactions. The catalytic intermediates in both cycles can suffer decomposition via R-NHC coupling and the side reductive elimination of the NHC ligand and R groups (R = alkyl, aryl, etc.) to give [NHC-R]+ cations. In this study, the relative stabilities of (NHC)MII(R)(X)L and (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L intermediates (X = Cl, Br, I; L = NHC, pyridine) against R-NHC coupling and other decomposition pathways via reductive elimination reactions were evaluated theoretically. The study revealed that the R-NHC coupling represents the most favorable decomposition pathway for both types of intermediates (MII and MIV), while it is thermodynamically and kinetically more facile for the MIV complexes. The relative effects of the metal M (Ni, Pd, Pt) and ligands L and X on the R-NHC coupling for the MIV complexes were significantly stronger than that for the MII complexes. In particular, for the (NHC)2MIV(Ph)(Br)3 complexes, Ph-NHC coupling was facilitated dramatically from Pt (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 37.5 kcal mol-1) to Pd (ΔG = -61.5 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 18.3 kcal mol-1) and Ni (ΔG = -80.2 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 4.7 kcal mol-1). For the MII oxidation state of the metal, the bis-NHC complexes (L = NHC) were slightly more kinetically and thermodynamically stable against R-NHC coupling than the mono-NHC complexes (L = pyridine). An inverse relation was observed for the MIV oxidation state of the metal as the (NHC)2MIV(R)(X)3 complexes were kinetically (4.3-15.9 kcal mol-1) and thermodynamically (8.0-23.2 kcal mol-1) significantly less stable than the (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L (L = pyridine) complexes. For the NiIV and PdIV complexes, additional decomposition pathways via the reductive elimination of the NHC and X ligands to give the [NHC-X]+ cation (X-NHC coupling) or reductive elimination of the X-X molecule were found to be thermodynamically and kinetically probable. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate significant instability of regular Ni/NHC and Pd/NHC complexes (for example, not additionally stabilized by chelation) and high probability to initiate "NHC-free" catalysis in the reactions comprising MIV intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Safarmurod B Soliev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fortuño C, Martín A, Mastrorilli P, Todisco S, Latronico M. Mixed Valence Pt(II),Pt(IV),Pt(II) Complexes from a Diplatinum(III) Synthon and Sulfur-Based Anions. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Fortuño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fortuño C, Martín A, Mastrorilli P, Gallo V, Todisco S. Solvent-Driven P–S vs P–C Bond Formation from a Diplatinum(III) Complex and Sulfur-Based Anions. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Fortuño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Vito Gallo
- DICATECh, Politecnico di Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cuevas-Chávez CA, Zamora-Moreno J, Muñoz-Hernández MA, Bijani C, Sabo-Etienne S, Montiel-Palma V. Stabilization of Trans Disilyl Coordination at Square-Planar Platinum Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. Cuevas-Chávez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C. P. 62209, México
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Julio Zamora-Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C. P. 62209, México
| | - Miguel A. Muñoz-Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C. P. 62209, México
| | - Christian Bijani
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Sylviane Sabo-Etienne
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Virginia Montiel-Palma
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C. P. 62209, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Giménez N, Lara R, Moreno MT, Lalinde E. Facile Approaches to Phosphorescent Bis(cyclometalated) Pentafluorophenyl PtIVComplexes: Photophysics and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2017; 23:5758-5771. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ); Universidad de La Rioja; 26006 Logroño Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ortega-Moreno L, Peloso R, López-Serrano J, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Maya C, Carmona E. A Cationic Unsaturated Platinum(II) Complex that Promotes the Tautomerization of Acetylene to Vinylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); C/Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ortega-Moreno L, Peloso R, López-Serrano J, Iglesias-Sigüenza J, Maya C, Carmona E. A Cationic Unsaturated Platinum(II) Complex that Promotes the Tautomerization of Acetylene to Vinylidene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2772-2775. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ortega-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Riccardo Peloso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Iglesias-Sigüenza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Sevilla and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); C/Prof. García González 1 41012 Sevilla Spain
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Ernesto Carmona
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ); Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA); Universidad de Sevilla and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Avenida Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaw PA, Clarkson GJ, Rourke JP. Long-Lived Five-Coordinate Platinum(IV) Intermediates: Regiospecific C–C Coupling. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guy J. Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Rourke
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick University, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quesnel JS, Moncho S, Ylijoki KEO, Torres GM, Brothers EN, Bengali AA, Arndtsen BA. Computational Study of the Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Aromatic Acid Chlorides: The Synergistic Effect of Pt
Bu3
and CO on Reductive Elimination. Chemistry 2016; 22:15107-15118. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Quesnel
- McGill University; Chemistry; 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| | | | - Kai E. O. Ylijoki
- Department of Chemistry; Saint Mary's University; 923 Robie St Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 3C3 Canada
| | | | | | | | - Bruce A. Arndtsen
- McGill University; Chemistry; 801 Sherbrooke St. W. Montreal H3A 0B8 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shaw PA, Phillips JM, Clarkson GJ, Rourke JP. Trapping five-coordinate platinum(iv) intermediates. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11397-406. [PMID: 27335216 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02088g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of three different complexes of the doubly cycloplatinated 2,6-di(4-fluorophenyl)pyridine ligand (namely DMSO, PPh3 and PPr3 derivatives, 1a, 1b and 1c, respectively) with the electrophilic oxidant iodobenzenedichloride was studied. In each case oxidation can yield a simple trans-dichloro platinum(iv) complex (2(t)), which subsequently isomerises to the cis isomer (2(c)). However, by changing the solvent, or performing the reaction in the presence of an additional ligating species, a five-coordinate intermediate can be trapped out and isolated. Thus, cationic species with additional DMSO or pyridine coordinated could be collected for the DMSO and PPh3 derivatives. The PPr3 derivative traps out the reactive five-coordinate species with an agostic interaction that subsequently induces a transcyclometallation reaction to give a complex with a singly cyclometallated pyridine and a cyclometallated phosphine, which was characterised crystallographically, (6c
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Warwick University, Coventry, UK CV4 7AL.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Electrostatic Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes Obtained by Experimental Charge-Density Analysis of Two Selenium Adducts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Pendleton IM, Pérez-Temprano MH, Sanford MS, Zimmerman PM. Experimental and Computational Assessment of Reactivity and Mechanism in C(sp(3))-N Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination from Palladium(IV). J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6049-60. [PMID: 27087364 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a combined experimental and computational investigation of the mechanism of C(sp(3))-N bond-forming reductive elimination from sulfonamide-ligated Pd(IV) complexes. After an initial experimental assessment of reactivity, we used ZStruct, a computational combinatorial reaction finding method, to analyze a large number of multistep mechanisms for this process. This study reveals two facile isomerization pathways connecting the experimentally observed Pd(IV) isomers, along with two competing SN2 pathways for C(sp(3))-N coupling. One of these pathways involves an unanticipated oxygen-nitrogen exchange of the sulfonamide ligand prior to an inner-sphere SN2-type reductive elimination. The calculated ΔG(⧧) values for isomerization and reductive elimination with a series of sulfonamide derivatives are in good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, the simulations predict relative reaction rates with different sulfonamides, which is successful only after considering competition between the proposed operating mechanisms. Overall, this work shows that the combination of experimental studies and new computational tools can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into complex organometallic reaction pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Pendleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Melanie S Sanford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shaw PA, Phillips JM, Newman CP, Clarkson GJ, Rourke JP. Intramolecular transcyclometallation: the exchange of an aryl-Pt bond for an alkyl-Pt bond via an agostic intermediate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:8365-8. [PMID: 25882885 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02355f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of a square-planar platinum complex leads to a five coordinate cationic intermediate that can be stabilized and trapped out via an agostic interaction with the alkyl chain of a ligand. Subsequent reaction of this species leads to the formation of an alkyl-Pt bond at the expense of an aryl-Pt bond: an intramolecular transcyclometallation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Winston M, Wolf WJ, Toste FD. Halide-Dependent Mechanisms of Reductive Elimination from Gold(III). J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7921-8. [PMID: 26065722 PMCID: PMC4482415 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two unique organometallic halide series (Ph3P)Au(4-Me-C6H4)(CF3)(X) and (Cy3P)Au(4-F-C6H4)(CF3)(X) (X = I, Br, Cl, F) have been synthesized. The PPh3-supported complexes can undergo both C(aryl)-X and C(aryl)-CF3 reductive elimination. Mechanistic studies of thermolysis at 122 °C reveal a dramatic reactivity and kinetic selectivity dependence on halide ligand. For X = I or F, zero-order kinetic behavior is observed, while for X = Cl or Br, kinetic studies implicate product catalysis. The selectivity for C(aryl)-CF3 bond formation increases in the order X = I < Br < Cl < F, with exclusively C(aryl)-I bond formation when X = I, and exclusively C(aryl)-CF3 bond formation when X = F. Thermodynamic measurements show that Au(III)-X bond dissociation energies increase in the order X = I < Br < Cl, and that ground state Au(III)-X bond strength ultimately dictates selectivities for C(aryl)-X and C(aryl)-CF3 reductive elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. Winston
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - William J. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Campos J, Ortega-Moreno L, Conejero S, Peloso R, López-Serrano J, Maya C, Carmona E. Reactivity of Cationic Agostic and Carbene Structures Derived from Platinum(II) Metallacycles. Chemistry 2015; 21:8883-96. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Silva Valverde MF, Theuergarten E, Bannenberg T, Freytag M, Jones PG, Tamm M. Frustrated N-heterocyclic carbene–silylium ion Lewis pairs. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:9400-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of a sterically demanding NHC affords frustrated carbene-trimethylsilylium ion pairs, which exhibit FLP-type reactivity such as carbon dioxide fixation and metal–halide bond activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F. Silva Valverde
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Eileen Theuergarten
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|