1
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Oeser P, Tobrman T. Organophosphates as Versatile Substrates in Organic Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:1593. [PMID: 38611872 PMCID: PMC11154425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of organophosphates in organic synthesis. After a brief introduction, it discusses cross-coupling reactions, including both transition-metal-catalyzed and transition-metal-free substitution reactions. Subsequently, oxidation and reduction reactions are described. In addition, this review highlights the applications of organophosphates in the synthesis of natural compounds, demonstrating their versatility and importance in modern synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomáš Tobrman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic;
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2
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Heinicke JW. o-Hydroxyarylphosphanes: Strategies for Syntheses of Configurationally Stable, Electronically and Sterically Tunable Ambiphiles with Multiple Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302740. [PMID: 37905970 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
o-Hydroxyarylphosphanes are fascinating compounds by their multiple-reactivity features, attributed to the ambident hard and soft Lewis- and also Brønstedt acid-base properties, wide tuning opportunities via backbone substituents with ±mesomeric and inductive, at P and in o-position to P and O also steric effects, and in addition, the configurational stability at three-valent phosphorus. Air sensitivity may be overcome by reversible protection with BH3 , but the easy oxidation to P(V)-compounds may also be used. Since the first reports on the title compounds ca. 50 years ago the multiple reactivity has led to versatile applications. This includes various P-E-O and P=C-O heterocycles, a multitude of O-substituted derivatives including acyl derivatives for traceless Staudinger couplings of biomolecules with labels or functional substituents, phosphane-phosphite ligands, which like the o-phosphanylphenols itself form a range of transition metal complexes and catalysts. Also main group metal complexes and (bi)arylphosphonium-organocatalysts are derived. Within this review the various strategies for the access of the starting materials are illuminated, including few hints to selected applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim W Heinicke
- Emeritus Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University Greifswald, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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3
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Korb M, Lang H. Rearrangements and Migrations along the Ferrocene Periphery: On the Way to Planar‐Chiral and (Multi)Substitution Patterns. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- The University of Western Australia School of Molecular Sciences 35 Stirling Highway Crawley Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- MAIN Research Center Rosenbergstraße 6 09126 Chemnitz Germany
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4
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Lehrich SW, Mahrholdt J, Korb M, Hildebrandt A, Swarts JC, Lang H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of Diferrocenyl β-Diketones, -Diketonates, and Pyrazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194476. [PMID: 33003450 PMCID: PMC7583057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of FcC(O)CH(R)C(O)Fc (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5); R = H, 5; nBu, 7; CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)2OMe, 9), [M(κ2O,O′-FcC(O)CHC(O)Fc)n] (M = Ti, n = 3, 10; M = Fe, n = 3, 11; M = BF2, n = 1, 12), and 1-R′-3,5-Fc2-cC3HN2 (R′ = H, 13; Me, 14; Ph, 15) is discussed. The solid-state structures of 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 16 ([TiCl2(κ2O,O′-PhC(O)CHC(O)Ph)2]) show that 7 and 9 exist in their β-diketo form. Compound 13 crystallizes as a tetramer based on a hydrogen bond pattern, including one central water molecule. The electrochemical behavior of 5–7 and 9–16 was studied by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, showing that the ferrocenyls can separately be oxidized reversibly between −50 and 750 mV (5–7, 9, 12–15: two Fc-related events; 10, 11: six events, being partially superimposed). For complex 10, Ti-centered reversible redox processes appear at −985 (TiII/TiIII) and −520 mV (TiIII/TiIV). Spectro-electrochemical UV-Vis/NIR measurements were carried out on 5, 6, and 12, whereby only 12 showed an IVCT (intervalence charge-transfer) band of considerable strength (νmax = 6250 cm−1, Δν½ = 4725 cm−1, εmax = 240 L·mol−1·cm−1), due to the rigid C3O2B cycle, enlarging the coupling strength between the Fc groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Lehrich
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-(0)371-531-21210
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5
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Korb M, Schaarschmidt D, Grumbt M, König M, Lang H. Evaluation of the Transferability of the “Flexible Steric Bulk” Concept from N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes to Planar‐Chiral Phosphinoferrocenes and their Electronic Modification. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Dieter Schaarschmidt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Martin Grumbt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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6
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Korb M, Liu X, Walz S, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Lang H. (Electrochemical) Properties and Computational Investigations of Ferrocenyl-substituted Fe 3(μ 3-PFc) 2(CO) 9 and Co 4(μ 4-PFc) 2(CO) 9 Clusters and Their Reduced Species. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6147-6160. [PMID: 32323982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ferrocenyl-functionalized iron and cobalt carbonyl clusters is reported, based on a reaction of FcPCl2 (3) (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4)) with Fe2(CO)9 and Co2(CO)8, respectively. Therein, nido-Fe3(CO)9(μ3-PFc)2 (4) and nido-Co4(CO)10(μ3-PFc)2 (5) clusters were obtained as the first diferrocenyl-substituted carbonyl clusters with a symmetrical cluster core. Cluster 4 shows two reversible one-electron processes within the anodic region, based on Fc/Fc+ redox events, as well as two processes in the cathodic region. In situ IR and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of all electronic states confirmed an Fc-based oxidation and a core-based reduction. On the basis of the results of a single-crystal X-ray analysis of structures of 4 and 5, computational studies of the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies, the spin density, quantum theory of atom-in-molecule delocalization indices, and the atomic charges were performed to explain the experimental results. The latter revealed a reorganization of the cluster core upon reduction and the existence of weak P···P interactions in 4 and 5. Ferrocenyl-related redox processes, occurring reversibly in case of 4, were absent for 5, due to a different distribution of the HOMO energies. EPR measurements furthermore confirmed the core-based radical anion and the formation of a decomposition product at potentials lower than [M]2- (M = Fe, Co).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Sciences, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, 6009 Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Xianming Liu
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Walz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes, Rosenbergstr. 6, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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7
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Ghazzy A, Taher D, Helal W, Korb M, Khalyfeh K, Awwadi FF, Al-Shewiki RK, Weheabby S, Al-Said N, Abu-Orabi ST, Lang H. Aryl ferrocenylmethylesters: Synthesis, solid-state structure and electrochemical investigations. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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8
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Solvent-assisted monomeric molecular structure of the phosphate diester and the synthesis of menthol-based phosphate diesters. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Korb M, Mahrholdt J, Liu X, Lang H. Reactivity of Planar‐Chiral α‐Ferrocenyl Carbocations towards Electron‐Rich Aromatics. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Xianming Liu
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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10
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Korb M, Lang H. The anionic Fries rearrangement: a convenient route to ortho-functionalized aromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2829-2882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scope and mechanism of anionic (hetero-) Fries rearrangements are summarized for various migrating groups and arenes, including applications and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
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11
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Erb W, Hurvois JP, Roisnel T, Dorcet V. Ferroceneboronic Acid and Derivatives: Synthesis, Structure, Electronic Properties, and Reactivity in Directed C–H Bond Activation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Erb
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Hurvois
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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12
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13
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Frenzel P, Korb M, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Ferrocenyl
‐
Functionalized Metallocenes M(η
5
‐
C
5
H
5
)
2
(EFc)
2
(M = Ti, Zr; E = O, S, Se). Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Frenzel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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14
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Korb M, Mahrholdt J, Lang H. (Planar‐Chiral) Ferrocenylmethanols: From Anionic Homo Phospho‐Fries Rearrangements to α‐Ferrocenyl Carbenium Ions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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15
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16
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Cobalt-Catalyzed ortho
-Methylation of Ferrocenes Bearing ortho
-Directing Groups by Catalytic Directed C-H Bond Activation. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Korb M, Lehrich SW, Lang H. Reactivity of Ferrocenyl Phosphates Bearing (Hetero-)Aromatics and [3]Ferrocenophanes toward Anionic Phospho-Fries Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3102-3124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Steve W. Lehrich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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18
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Korb M, Lang H. Multi‐Ferrocenyl Aryl Ethers – Applying Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions to Aryl Fluorides. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Technische Universität Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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19
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Korb M, Lang H. A reactivity study of phenyl and ferrocenyl phosphates within the anionic phospho- F ries rearrangement. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Korb M, Swarts PJ, Miesel D, Hildebrandt A, Swarts JC, Lang H. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions for the Synthesis of Ferrocenyl Aryl Ethers. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Pieter J. Swarts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Faculty of
Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, D−09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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