1
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Bruña S, Valverde-González A, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Cuadrado I. Thiol-yne chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene: from synthesis and electrochemistry to theoretical studies. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15412-15424. [PMID: 36156664 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02378d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thiol-yne coupling chemistry of diferrocenylacetylene (FcCCFc) 1, bearing two electron rich and redox-active ferrocenyl units (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5)) and an internal triple bond, has been investigated for the first time. In order to determine whether steric limitations might affect hydrothiolation, a model reaction using a functionalized monothiol was tested, namely 2-mercaptoethanol I. The thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions were initiated either thermally (in toluene with AIBN) or by UV light irradiation (in THF and in the presence of DMPA as the photoinitiator). The outcomes of these thiol-yne reactions showed a strong dependence on the initiation method used, with the thermally initiated one being the most efficient. These thiol-diferrocenylacetylene reactions mainly afforded the (Z)-stereoisomer of the newly obtained vinyl thioether sulfide FcCHC(Fc)S-(CH2)2OH (2), unlike the more common (E)-vinyl sulfides found in other additions to alkynes. The hydrothiolation of the internal -CC- bond in 1 was successfully extended to dithiol 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol II, leading to the formation of the (ZZ)-isomer, with four ferrocenyl units, as the major product. According to the electrochemical studies, the new asymmetrical ferrocenyl-vinyl sulfides show iron-iron electronic and electrostatic interactions. Theoretical results for the (Z)-stereoisomer (2) suggest that adiabatic oxidation would lead to the loss of almost one electron on the ferrocenyl subunit closer to the thioether chain. Furthermore, the thiol-yne chemistry of the internal -CC- bond in diferrocenylacetylene has been compared to the external triple bond in ethynylferrocene, the theoretical results of which helped us to rationalize the very different reactivities observed in both metallocenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Valverde-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Facultad de Ciencias, Calle Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Sheridan MV, Lam K, Waterman R, Geiger WE. Anodic Oxidation of Ethynylferrocene Derivatives in Homogeneous Solution and Following Anodic Deposition onto Glassy Carbon Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05495 U.S.A
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences Soochow University 199 Reńai Road Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05495 U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemical and Environmental Chemistries University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime Chatham Kent United Kingdom
| | - Rory Waterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05495 U.S.A
| | - William E. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry University of Vermont Burlington, Vermont 05495 U.S.A
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3
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Zhang JG, Zhang XY, Yu H, Luo YL, Xu F, Chen YS. Preparation, self-assembly and performance modulation of gold nanoparticles decorated ferrocene-containing hybrid block copolymer multifunctional materials. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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Choudhuri K, Pramanik M, Mandal A, Mal P. S−H⋅⋅⋅π Driven Anti-Markovnikov Thiol-Yne Click Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khokan Choudhuri
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); HBNI; Bhubaneswar; PO Bhimpur-Padanpur; Via Jatni, District Khurda Odisha 752050 India
| | - Milan Pramanik
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); HBNI; Bhubaneswar; PO Bhimpur-Padanpur; Via Jatni, District Khurda Odisha 752050 India
| | - Arkalekha Mandal
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); HBNI; Bhubaneswar; PO Bhimpur-Padanpur; Via Jatni, District Khurda Odisha 752050 India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); HBNI; Bhubaneswar; PO Bhimpur-Padanpur; Via Jatni, District Khurda Odisha 752050 India
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5
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Zhang T, Hou Y, Dzhagan V, Liao Z, Chai G, Löffler M, Olianas D, Milani A, Xu S, Tommasini M, Zahn DRT, Zheng Z, Zschech E, Jordan R, Feng X. Copper-surface-mediated synthesis of acetylenic carbon-rich nanofibers for active metal-free photocathodes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1140. [PMID: 29555937 PMCID: PMC5859183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The engineering of acetylenic carbon-rich nanostructures has great potential in many applications, such as nanoelectronics, chemical sensors, energy storage, and conversion, etc. Here we show the synthesis of acetylenic carbon-rich nanofibers via copper-surface-mediated Glaser polycondensation of 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene on a variety of conducting (e.g., copper, graphite, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and titanium) and non-conducting (e.g., Kapton, glass, and silicon dioxide) substrates. The obtained nanofibers (with optical bandgap of 2.51 eV) exhibit photocatalytic activity in photoelectrochemical cells, yielding saturated cathodic photocurrent of ca. 10 µA cm-2 (0.3-0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode). By incorporating thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units into the nanofibers, a redshift (ca. 100 nm) of light absorption edge and twofold of the photocurrent are achieved, rivalling those of state-of-the-art metal-free photocathodes (e.g., graphitic carbon nitride of 0.1-1 µA cm-2). This work highlights the promise of utilizing acetylenic carbon-rich materials as efficient and sustainable photocathodes for water reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang Hou
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Biological Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichnhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Zhongquan Liao
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guoliang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Davide Olianas
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Milani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Shunqi Xu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica 'G. Natta', Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichnhainer Strasse 70, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ehrenfried Zschech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), Maria-Reiche-Strasse 2, 01109, Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, School of Science, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden University of Technology, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A. Boyd
- Optical Sciences Division; US Naval Research Laboratory; 4555 Overlook Dr., SW Washington DC USA
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7
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Boyd DA. Sulfur and Its Role In Modern Materials Science. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15486-15502. [PMID: 27860133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although well-known and studied for centuries, sulfur continues to be at the center of an extensive array of scientific research topics. As one of the most abundant elements in the Universe, a major by-product of oil refinery processes, and as a common reaction site within biological systems, research involving sulfur is both broad in scope and incredibly important to our daily lives. Indeed, there has been renewed interest in sulfur-based reactions in just the past ten years. Sulfur research spans the spectrum of topics within the physical sciences including research on improving energy efficiency, environmentally friendly uses for oil refinery waste products, development of polymers with unique optical and mechanical properties, and materials produced for biological applications. This Review focuses on some of the latest exciting ways in which sulfur and sulfur-based reactions are being utilized to produce materials for application in energy, environmental, and other practical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl A Boyd
- Optical Sciences Division, US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Dr., SW, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Chun S, Chung J, Park JE, Chung YK. Hydrothiolation of Alkenes and Alkynes Catalyzed by 3,4-Dimethyl-5-vinylthiazolium iodide and Poly(3,4-dimethyl-5-vinylthiazolium) iodide. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supill Chun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
| | - Junyong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
| | - Young Keun Chung
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul 151-747 Korea
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9
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Wiles AA, Zhang X, Fitzpatrick B, Long DL, Macgregor SA, Cooke G. Redox-mediated reactions of vinylferrocene: toward redox auxiliaries. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:7220-5. [PMID: 27063914 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical redox reactions have been exploited to transform unreactive vinylferrocene into a powerful dienophile for the Diels-Alder reaction and reactive substrate for thiol addition reactions upon conversion to its ferrocenium state. We have further investigated the ability of these reactions to facilitate redox-auxiliary-like reactivity by further hydrogenolyisis of the Diels-Alder adduct to the corresponding cyclopentane derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Wiles
- Glasgow Centre for Physical Organic Chemistry, WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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10
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Sheridan MV, Lam K, Sharafi M, Schneebeli ST, Geiger WE. Anodic Methods for Covalent Attachment of Ethynylferrocenes to Electrode Surfaces: Comparison of Ethynyl Activation Processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:1645-1657. [PMID: 26756403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of ferrocenes having an H- or Li-terminated ethynyl group has been studied, especially as it relates to their covalent anchoring to carbon surfaces. The anodic oxidation of lithioethynylferrocene (1-Li) results in rapid loss of Li(+) and formation of the ethynyl-based radical FeCp(η(5)-C5H4)(C≡C), (1, Cp = η(5)-C5H5), which reacts with the electrode. Chemically modified electrodes (CMEs) were thereby produced containing strongly bonded, ethynyl-linked monolayers and electrochemically controlled multilayers. Strong attachments of ethynylferrocenes to gold and platinum surfaces were also possible. The lithiation/anodic oxidation process is a mirror analogue of the diazonium/cathodic reduction process for preparation of aryl-modified CMEs. A second method produced an ethynylferrocene-modified electrode by direct anodic oxidation of the H-terminated ethynylferrocene (1-H) at a considerably more positive potential. Both processes produced robust modified electrodes with well-defined ferrocene-based surface cyclic voltammetry waves that remained unchanged for as many as 10(4) scans. Ferrocene derivatives in which the ethynyl moiety was separated from the cyclopentadienyl ring by an ether group showed very similar behavior. DFT calculations were performed on the relevant redox states of 1-H, 1-Li, and 1, with emphasis on the ferrocenyl vs ethynyl character of their high valence orbitals. Whereas the HOMOs of both 1-H and 1-Li have some ethynyl character, the SOMOs of the corresponding monocations are strictly ferrocenium in makeup. Predominant ethynyl character returns to the highest valence orbitals after loss of Li(+) from [1-Li](+) or loss of H(+) from [1-H](2+). These anodic processes hold promise for the controlled chemical modification of carbon and other electrode surfaces by a variety of ethynyl or alkynyl-linked organic and metal-containing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Kevin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Mona Sharafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - Severin T Schneebeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| | - William E Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Vermont , Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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11
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Palomba M, Bagnoli L, Marini F, Santi C, Sancineto L. Recent advances in the chemistry of vinylchalcogenides. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1067212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Palomba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry University of Perugia, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry University of Perugia, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Francesca Marini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry University of Perugia, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Claudio Santi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry University of Perugia, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Luca Sancineto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry University of Perugia, Perugia (PG), Italy
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12
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Kuciński K, Pawluć P, Hreczycho G. Scandium(III) Triflate-Catalyzedanti-Markovnikov Hydrothiolation of Functionalized Olefins. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Nieto D, Bruña S, González-Vadillo AM, Perles J, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Antiñolo A, Padrón JM, Plata GB, Cuadrado I. Catalytically Generated Ferrocene-Containing Guanidines as Efficient Precursors for New Redox-Active Heterometallic Platinum(II) Complexes with Anticancer Activity. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nieto
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Bruña
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Vadillo
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josefina Perles
- Servicio
Interdepartamental de Investigación (SIdI), Laboratorio de
Difracción de Rayos X de Monocrystal, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrillo-Hermosilla
- Centro
de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as
Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Antiñolo
- Centro
de Innovación en Quı́mica Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Departamento de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Orgánica
y Bioquı́mica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologı́as
Quı́micas, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González
(IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
(CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Gabriela B. Plata
- BioLab,
Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González
(IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias
(CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bruña S, Martínez-Montero I, González-Vadillo AM, Martín-Fernández C, Montero-Campillo MM, Mó O, Cuadrado I. Ferrocene and Silicon-Containing Oxathiacrown Macrocycles and Linear Oligo-Oxathioethers Obtained via Thiol–Ene Chemistry of a Redox-Active Bifunctional Vinyldisiloxane. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Bruña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Montero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Vadillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Martín-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Merced Montero-Campillo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Otilia Mó
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cuadrado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias and ‡Departamento
de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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