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Kumar R, Dohi T, Zhdankin VV. Organohypervalent heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4786-4827. [PMID: 38545658 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01055k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
This review summarizes the structural and synthetic aspects of heterocyclic molecules incorporating an atom of a hypervalent main-group element. The term "hypervalent" has been suggested for derivatives of main-group elements with more than eight valence electrons, and the concept of hypervalency is commonly used despite some criticism from theoretical chemists. The significantly higher thermal stability of hypervalent heterocycles compared to their acyclic analogs adds special features to their chemistry, particularly for bromine and iodine. Heterocyclic compounds of elements with double bonds are not categorized as hypervalent molecules owing to the zwitterionic nature of these bonds, resulting in the conventional 8-electron species. This review is focused on hypervalent heterocyclic derivatives of nonmetal main-group elements, such as boron, silicon, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, chlorine, iodine(III) and iodine(V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, J C Bose University of Science and Technology, YMCA, NH-2, Sector-6, Mathura Road, Faridabad, 121006, Haryana, India.
| | - Toshifumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1038 University Drive, 126 HCAMS University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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2
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Arakawa C, Kanemoto K, Nakai K, Wang C, Morohashi S, Kwon E, Ito S, Yoshikai N. Carboiodanation of Arynes: Organoiodine(III) Compounds as Nucleophilic Organometalloids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3910-3919. [PMID: 38315817 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organic iodine(III) compounds represent the most widely used hypervalent halogen compounds in organic synthesis, where they typically perform the role of an electrophile or oxidant to functionalize electron-rich or -nucleophilic organic compounds. In contrast to this convention, we discovered their unique reactivity as organometallic-like nucleophiles toward arynes. Equipped with diverse transferable ligands and supported by a tethered spectator ligand, the organoiodine(III) compounds undergo addition across the electrophilic C-C triple bond of arynes while retaining the trivalency of the iodine center. This carboiodanation reaction can forge a variety of aryl-alkynyl, aryl-alkenyl, and aryl-(hetero)aryl bonds along with the concurrent formation of an aryl-iodine(III) bond under mild conditions. The newly formed aryl-iodine(III) bond serves as a versatile linchpin for downstream transformations, particularly as an electrophilic reaction site. The amphoteric nature of the iodine(III) group as a metalloid and a leaving group in this sequence enables the flexible and expedient synthesis of extended π-conjugated molecules and privileged biarylphosphine ligands, where all of the iodine(III)-containing compounds can be handled as air- and thermally stable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisaki Arakawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuya Nakai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chen Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemical Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunya Morohashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Eunsang Kwon
- Endowed Research Laboratory of Dimensional Integrated Nanomaterials, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Research and Analytical Center for Giant Molecules, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shingo Ito
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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3
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Aryl-, Akynyl-, and Alkenylbenziodoxoles: Synthesis and Synthetic Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052136. [PMID: 36903382 PMCID: PMC10004369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine reagents are in high current demand due to their exceptional reactivity in oxidative transformations, as well as in diverse umpolung functionalization reactions. Cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds, known under the general name of benziodoxoles, possess improved thermal stability and synthetic versatility in comparison with their acyclic analogs. Aryl-, alkenyl-, and alkynylbenziodoxoles have recently received wide synthetic applications as efficient reagents for direct arylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation under mild reaction conditions, including transition metal-free conditions as well as photoredox and transition metal catalysis. Using these reagents, a plethora of valuable, hard-to-reach, and structurally diverse complex products can be synthesized by convenient procedures. The review covers the main aspects of the chemistry of benziodoxole-based aryl-, alkynyl-, and alkenyl- transfer reagents, including preparation and synthetic applications.
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Yoshikai N. Exploring New Reactions and Syntheses of Trivalent Iodine Compounds. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Declas N, Pisella G, Waser J. Vinylbenziodoxol(on)es: Synthetic Methods and Applications. Helv Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Declas
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Pisella
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO Av. Forel 2 CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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6
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Menezes da Silva VH, Morgon NH, Correia CR, Braga AA. DFT perspective on the selectivity and mechanism of ligand-free Heck reaction involving allylic esters and arenediazonium salts. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Hari DP, Caramenti P, Waser J. Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: Enabling Tools for Bond Disconnection via Reactivity Umpolung. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3212-3225. [PMID: 30485071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of organic compounds is an important field of research, which sets the basis for numerous applications in medicine or materials science. Based on the polarity induced by functional groups, logical bond disconnections can be deduced for the elaboration of organic compounds. Nevertheless, this classical approach makes synthesis rigid, as not all bond disconnections are possible. The concept of Umpolung has been therefore introduced: by inverting the normal polarity of functional groups, new disconnections become possible. Among the tools for achieving Umpolung, hypervalent iodine reagents occupy a privileged position. The electrophilicity of the iodine atom and the reactivity of the hypervalent bond allow access to electrophilic synthons starting from nucleophiles. Nevertheless, some classes of hypervalent iodine reagents can be too unstable for many applications, in particular involving metal catalysis. In this context, cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents, especially benziodoxolones (BXs), have been known for a long time to be more stable than their acyclic counterparts, yet their synthetic potential had not been fully exploited. In this Account, we report our efforts since 2008 on the use of BX reagents in the development of new transformations in organic synthesis, which showed for the first time their versatility as synthetic tools. Our work started with electrophilic alkynylation, as alkynes are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry, but are usually introduced as nucleophiles. We used ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) in the direct alkynylation of nucleophiles, such as keto esters, thiols, or phosphines. The reagents could then be applied to the gold- and palladium-catalyzed alkynylation of C-H bonds on (hetero)arenes, leading to a more efficient alternative to the Sonogashira reaction. More complex reactions were then developed with formations of several bonds in a single transformation. Gold- and platinum-catalyzed cyclization/alkynylation domino processes gave access to new types of alkynylated heterocycles. Multifunctionalization of olefins became possible through intramolecular oxy- and amino-alkynylations. (Enantioselective) copper-catalyzed oxy-alkynylation of diazo compounds led to stereocenters with perfect atom economy. Finally, EBXs were also used for the alkynylation of radicals generated under photoredox conditions. Since 2013, we then extended the use of BX reagents to other transformations. Azidobenziodoxol(on)ess (ABXs) were used in the azidation of keto esters, enol silanes, and styrenes. New more stable derivatives were introduced. Cyanobenziodoxolones (CBXs) enabled the cyanation of stabilized enolates, thiols, and radicals. Finally, new BX reagents were developed for the Umpolung of indoles and pyrroles. They could be used in metal-catalyzed directed C-H functionalizations, as well as in Lewis acid mediated oxidative coupling to give functionalized bi(hetero)arenes. In the past decade, our group and others have shown that BX reagents are not only "structural beauties", but also extremely useful reagents in synthetic chemistry. A toolbox of cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents is now available to achieve Umpolung-based disconnections. We are convinced that the field is still in its infancy, and many new reagents and transformations still remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paola Caramenti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC
LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Man X, Jiang YY, Liu Y, Bi S. Mechanistic Study on Platinum-Catalyzed Domino Reaction of Benziodoxole and Pyrrole Homopropargylic Ethers for Indole Synthesis. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Man
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Wu J, Xu K, Hirao H, Yoshikai N. Pd-Catalyzed, Ligand-Enabled Stereoselective 1,2-Iodine(III) Shift/1,1-Carboxyalkynylation of Alkynylbenziodoxoles. Chemistry 2017; 23:1521-1525. [PMID: 27966272 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A PdII -catalyzed 2:1 coupling reaction of alkynylbenziodoxole with carboxylic acid to afford (alk-1-en-3-ynyl)benziodoxole, which is efficiently promoted by an octahydrophenazine ligand, is reported. The reaction involves a Pd-assisted 1,2-iodine(III) shift of the alkynylbenziodoxole followed by stereoselective introduction of carboxy and alkynyl groups (the latter originating from another molecule of the alkynylbenziodoxole) into the 1-position of the transient Pd-vinylidene species. The product of this 1,1-carboxyalkynylation reaction serves as a new functionalized enyne-type building block for further synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Kai Xu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Ghari H, Li Y, Roohzadeh R, Caramenti P, Waser J, Ariafard A. Gold-catalyzed domino cyclization–alkynylation reactions with EBX reagents: new insights into the reaction mechanism. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:12257-12262. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03154h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
New insights into the mechanism of gold-catalyzed domino reactions with hypervalent iodine reagents revealed by computation and confirmed by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ghari
- Department of Chemistry
- Islamic Azad University
- Central Tehran Branch
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Roohollah Roohzadeh
- Department of Chemistry
- Islamic Azad University
- Central Tehran Branch
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Paola Caramenti
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry
- Islamic Azad University
- Central Tehran Branch
- Tehran
- Iran
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11
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Hossein Bagi A, Khaledi Y, Ghari H, Arndt S, Hashmi ASK, Yates BF, Ariafard A. A Mechanistic Investigation of the Gold(III)-Catalyzed Hydrofurylation of C–C Multiple Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14599-14608. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hossein Bagi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran 1467686831, Iran
| | - Yousef Khaledi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran 1467686831, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghari
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran 1467686831, Iran
| | - Sebastian Arndt
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Brian F. Yates
- School
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private
Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran 1467686831, Iran
- School
of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private
Bag 75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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12
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Wu J, Deng X, Hirao H, Yoshikai N. Pd-Catalyzed Conversion of Alkynyl-λ(3)-iodanes to Alkenyl-λ(3)-iodanes via Stereoselective 1,2-Iodine(III) Shift/1,1-Hydrocarboxylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9105-8. [PMID: 27419932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alkynyl-λ(3)-iodanes have been established as alkynyl cation equivalents for the alkynylation of carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles. Herein, we report an unprecedented reaction mode of this compound class, which features a Pd(II)-assisted 1,2-I(III) shift of an alkynylbenziodoxole. A Pd(II) catalyst mediates this shift and the subsequent interception of the transient vinylidene species with carboxylic acid (1,1-hydrocarboxylation). The product of this stereoselective rearrangement-addition reaction, β-oxyalkenylbenziodoxole, represents a novel and useful building block for further synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xiaozhou Deng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hajime Hirao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
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13
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Li Y, Hari DP, Vita MV, Waser J. Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Atom-Transfer Reactions: Beyond Trifluoromethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:4436-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Switzerland
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Switzerland
| | - Maria Victoria Vita
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Switzerland
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14
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Li Y, Hari DP, Vita MV, Waser J. Cyclische hypervalente Iodreagentien für Atomtransferreaktionen - jenseits der Trifluormethylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Schweiz
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Schweiz
| | - Maria Victoria Vita
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Schweiz
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO; BCH 4306 1015 Lausanne CH Schweiz
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15
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Sala O, Santschi N, Jungen S, Lüthi HP, Iannuzzi M, Hauser N, Togni A. S-Trifluoromethylation of Thiols by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents: A Joint Experimental and Computational Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:1704-13. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Sala
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nico Santschi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
- Organisch Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität; Münster Corrensstrasse 40 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Jungen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hans Peter Lüthi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- University of Zurich; Department of Chemistry; Winterthurerstr. 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hauser
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 CH-8093 Zürich Switzerland
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16
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Yang YM, Dang ZM, Yu HZ. Density functional theory investigation on Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of azoles with aryl thioethers. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4499-506. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00607h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism and the origin of chemoselectivity of Pd-catalyzed C–H/C–S activation have been studied by density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Meng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hai-Zhu Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
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17
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Ariafard A, Ghari H, Khaledi Y, Hossein Bagi A, Wierenga TS, Gardiner MG, Canty AJ. Theoretical Investigation into the Mechanism of Cyanomethylation of Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Nickel Pincer Complex in the Absence of Base Additives. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Hossein Ghari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Khaledi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Hossein Bagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tanita S. Wierenga
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Michael G. Gardiner
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
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18
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Abstract
Alkynes are among the most versatile functional groups in organic synthesis. They are also frequently used in chemical biology and materials science. Whereas alkynes are traditionally added as nucleophiles into organic molecules, hypervalent iodine reagents offer a unique opportunity for the development of electrophilic alkyne synthons. Since 1985, alkynyliodonium salts have been intensively used for the alkynylation of nucleophiles, in particular soft carbon nucleophiles and heteroatoms. They have made an especially strong impact in the synthesis of highly useful ynamides. Nevertheless, their use has been limited by their instability. Since 2009, more stable ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) reagents have been identified as superior electrophilic alkyne synthons in many transformations. They can be used for the alkynylation of acidic C-H bonds with bases or aromatic C-H bonds using transition metal catalysts. They were also highly successful for the functionalization of radicals or transition metal-catalyzed domino processes. Finally, they allowed the alkynylation of a further range of heteroatom nucleophiles, especially thiols, under exceptionally mild conditions. With these recent developments, hypervalent iodine reagents have definitively demonstrated their utility for the efficient synthesis of alkynes based on non-classical disconnections.
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