1
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Zhuang Y, Qian Y, Tu D, Li Y, Liu J, Shen L, Wu D. NHC‐Stabilized Inverse Crown Ethers Featuring the μ
4
‐Oxo [Mg
4
O] Core. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zhuang
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yuansheng Qian
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Danyu Tu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University No. 866 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Liang Shen
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
| | - Di Wu
- Department College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318 Yuhangtang Road Hangzhou 311121 PR China
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2
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Guérin V, Legault CY. Synthesis of NHC-Iridium(III) Complexes Based on N-Iminoimidazolium Ylides and Their Use for the Amine Alkylation by Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guérin
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis,2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Claude Y. Legault
- University of Sherbrooke, Department of Chemistry, Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis,2500 boul. de l’Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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3
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Röther A, Kretschmer R. Syntheses of Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene)s and their application in main-group chemistry. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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4
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Evans KJ, Campbell CL, Haddow MF, Luz C, Morton PA, Mansell SM. Lithium Complexes with Bridging and Terminal NHC Ligands: The Decisive Influence of an Anionic Tether. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | | | - Mairi F. Haddow
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Christian Luz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Paul A. Morton
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
| | - Stephen M. Mansell
- Institute of Chemical Sciences Heriot‐Watt University EH14 4AS Edinburgh UK
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5
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Synergic Deprotonation Generates Alkali-Metal Salts of Tethered Fluorenide-NHC Ligands Co-Complexed to Alkali-Metal Amides. Chemistry 2019; 25:3766-3769. [PMID: 30667554 PMCID: PMC6492165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synergic combinations of alkali-metal hydrocarbyl/amide reagents were used to synthesise saturated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands tethered to a fluorenide anion through deprotonation of a spirocyclic precursor, whereas conventional bases were not successful. The Li2 derivatives displayed a bridging amide between two Li atoms within the fluorenide-NHC pocket, whereas the Na2 and K2 analogues displayed extended solid-state structures with the fluorenide-NHC ligand chelating one alkali metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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6
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7
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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8
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Flaig KS, Raible B, Mormul V, Denninger N, Maichle-Mössmer C, Kunz D. Generation of Annelated Dicarbenes and Their Alkali-Metal Chelate Complexes in Solution: Equilibrium between Hetero- and Homoleptic NHC Lithium Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim S. Flaig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Raible
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Verena Mormul
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Denninger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Koch A, Krieck S, Görls H, Westerhausen M. Alkaline Earth Metal–Carbene Complexes with the Versatile Tridentate 2,6-Bis(3-mesitylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstraße
8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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10
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Koch A, Görls H, Krieck S, Westerhausen M. Coordination behavior of bidentate bis(carbenes) at alkali metal bis(trimethylsilyl)amides. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9058-9067. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01538k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of LiN(SiMe3)2 from 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran yields the base-free tetramer. Strong carbenes monomerize the lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amides, whereas the heavier congeners from carbene-stabilized dimers [AN(SiMe3)2]2 with A = Na, K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Sven Krieck
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- D-07743 Jena
- Germany
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11
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Straub BF, Gleiter R, Meier C, Gade LH. Organometallic chemistry. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:2216-2221. [PMID: 27829930 PMCID: PMC5082459 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd F Straub
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Gleiter
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Meier
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (Haus F), D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Jürgens E, Buys KN, Schmidt AT, Furfari SK, Cole ML, Moser M, Rominger F, Kunz D. Optimised synthesis of monoanionic bis(NHC)-pincer ligand precursors and their Li-complexes. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01941b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward preparation of bis(imidazol)carbazole 4 from carbazole, its transformation to various bis(imidazolium) salts and their deprotonation to Li carbene complexes is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jürgens
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Kai N. Buys
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Anna-Theresa Schmidt
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | | | - Marcus L. Cole
- School of Chemistry
- University of New South Wales
- Sydney
- Australia
| | - Michael Moser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg
- D-69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Doris Kunz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- D-72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
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13
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Aksenov AV, Smirnov AN, Aksenov NA, Bijieva AS, Aksenova IV, Rubin M. Benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles via the nucleophilic addition of anilines to nitroalkanes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4289-95. [PMID: 25758157 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PPA-induced umpolung triggers efficient nucleophilic addition of unactivated anilines to nitroalkanes to produce N-hydroxyimidamides. The latter undergo sequential acid-promoted cyclocondensation with ortho-OH or ortho-NHR moieties to afford benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Aksenov
- Department of Chemistry, North Caucasus Federal University, 1a Pushkin St., Stavropol 355009, Russian Federation.
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14
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Abstract
The first examples of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands bound to electropositive metal centres (K, Mg, Sr and Ba) have been isolated and characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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