1
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Ma C, Wang S, Sheng Y, Zhao XL, Xing D, Hu W. Synthesis and Characterization of Donor-Acceptor Iron Porphyrin Carbenes and Their Reactivities in N-H Insertion and Related Three-Component Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4934-4939. [PMID: 36811995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) have been extensively recognized as the reactive intermediates in various iron porphyrin-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions. While donor-acceptor diazo compounds have been frequently used for such transformations, the structures and reactivities of donor-acceptor IPCs are less explored. To date, no crystal structures of donor-acceptor IPC complexes have been reported, and therefore, the involvement of IPC intermediacy for such transformations lacks direct evidence. Here we report the synthesis and NMR characterization of several donor-acceptor IPC complexes from iron porphyrin and corresponding donor-acceptor diazo compounds. The X-ray crystal structure of an IPC complex derived from a morpholine-substituted diazo amide was obtained. The carbene transfer reactivities of those IPCs were tested by the N-H insertion reactions with aniline or morpholine as well as the three-component reaction with aniline and γ,δ-unsaturated α-keto ester based on electrophilic trapping of an ammonium ylide intermediate. Based on these results, IPCs were identified as the real intermediates for iron porphyrin-catalyzed carbene transfer reactions from donor-acceptor diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Navale BS, Laha D, Banerjee S, Vanka K, Bhat RG. Highly Site-Selective Direct C-H Bond Functionalization of Unactivated Arenes with Propargyl α-Aryl-α-diazoacetates via Scandium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13583-13597. [PMID: 36181673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly chemo- and regio-selective C-H bond functionalization of unactivated arenes with propargyl α-aryl-α-diazoacetates has been developed using scandium catalysis. A variety of unactivated, mildly deactivated, and electronically activated arenes have been functionalized using this protocol. The synergistic combination of scandium triflate as a catalyst and propargyl α-aryl-α-diazoacetate as a reagent played a pivotal role in the effective C-H bond functionalization of arenes without the assistance of any directing group or ligand. The practicality of the protocol has been demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of very useful α,α-diarylacetates including antispasmodic drug-adiphenine. Based on the experimental observations, labeling experiment, and density functional theory calculations, a plausible reaction mechanism has been outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balu S Navale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Debasish Laha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
| | - Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Ramakrishna G Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411008, India
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3
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Hakey BM, Leary DC, Martinez JC, Darmon JM, Akhmedov NG, Petersen JL, Milsmann C. Carbene Transfer from a Pyridine Dipyrrolide Iron–Carbene Complex: Reversible Migration of a Diphenylcarbene Ligand into an Iron–Nitrogen Bond. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Hakey
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Dylan C. Leary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jordan C. Martinez
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Darmon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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4
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Sreedharan R, Pal PK, Panyam PKR, Priyakumar UD, Gandhi T. Synthesis of α‐aryl ketones by harnessing the non‐innocence of toluene and its derivatives: Enhancing the acidity of methyl arenes by a Brønsted base and their mechanistic aspects. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Sreedharan
- Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences INDIA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Pal
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics INDIA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Reddy Panyam
- Vellore Institute of Technology: VIT University Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences INDIA
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics INDIA
| | - Thirumanavelan Gandhi
- VIT University Materials Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences VIT University 632014 Vellore INDIA
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5
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He Y, Huang Z, Wu K, Ma J, Zhou YG, Yu Z. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2759-2852. [PMID: 35297455 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization has been emerging as a powerful method to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Many efforts have been devoted to transition-metal-catalyzed direct transformations of C-H bonds. Metal carbenes generated in situ from transition-metal compounds and diazo or its equivalents are usually applied as the transient reactive intermediates to furnish a catalytic cycle for new C-C and C-X bond formation. Using this strategy compounds from unactivated simple alkanes to complex molecules can be further functionalized or transformed to multi-functionalized compounds. In this area, transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds has been paid continuous attention. Diverse catalyst design strategies, synthetic methods, and potential applications have been developed. This critical review will summarize the advance in transition-metal-catalyzed carbene insertion to C-H bonds dated up to July 2021, by the categories of C-H bonds from aliphatic C(sp3)-H, aryl (aromatic) C(sp2)-H, heteroaryl (heteroaromatic) C(sp2)-H bonds, alkenyl C(sp2)-H, and alkynyl C(sp)-H, as well as asymmetric carbene insertion to C-H bonds, and more coverage will be given to the recent work. Due to the rapid development of the C-H functionalization area, future directions in this topic are also discussed. This review will give the authors an overview of carbene insertion chemistry in C-H functionalization with focus on the catalytic systems and synthetic applications in C-C bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zilong Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kaikai Wu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengkun Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.,Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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6
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Wang Z, Cheng J, Ding W, Wang D. C(sp3)–H Amination Catalyzed by Ir(Me)-Porphyrin: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junhui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Resources, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Multidisciplinary Initiative Center, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics on Health and Environment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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7
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Yuan S, McLaren EJ, France SA. Rh(II)‐catalyzed Intermolecular Benzylic C(sp3)‐H Alkylation of Methyl‐substituted Arenes by N‐Aryl‐α‐diazo‐β‐amidoesters. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoren Yuan
- Georgia Institute of Technology Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | | | - Stefan Anthony France
- Georgia Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry 901 Atlantic Drive 30332 Atlanta UNITED STATES
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8
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Hakey BM, Leary DC, Xiong J, Harris CF, Darmon JM, Petersen JL, Berry JF, Guo Y, Milsmann C. High Magnetic Anisotropy of a Square-Planar Iron-Carbene Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18575-18588. [PMID: 34431660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among Earth-abundant catalyst systems, iron-carbene intermediates that perform C-C bond forming reactions such as cyclopropanation of olefins and C-H functionalization via carbene insertion are rare. Detailed descriptions of the possible electronic structures for iron-carbene bonds are imperative to obtain better mechanistic insights and enable rational catalyst design. Here, we report the first square-planar iron-carbene complex (MesPDPPh)Fe(CPh2), where [MesPDPPh]2- is the doubly deprotonated form of [2,6-bis(5-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)pyridine]. The compound was prepared via reaction of the disubstituted diazoalkane N2CPh2 with (MesPDPPh)Fe(thf) and represents a rare example of a structurally characterized, paramagnetic iron-carbene complex. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements and applied-field Mössbauer spectroscopic studies revealed an orbitally near-degenerate S = 1 ground state with large unquenched orbital angular momentum resulting in high magnetic anisotropy. Spin-Hamiltonian analysis indicated that this S = 1 spin system has uniaxial magnetic properties arising from a ground MS = ±1 non-Kramers doublet that is well-separated from the MS = 0 sublevel due to very large axial zero-field splitting (D = -195 cm-1, E/D = 0.02 estimated from magnetic susceptibility data). This remarkable electronic structure gives rise to a very large, positive magnetic hyperfine field of more than +60 T for the 57Fe nucleus along the easy magnetization axis observed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Computational analysis with complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations provides a detailed electronic structure analysis and confirms that (MesPDPPh)Fe(CPh2) exhibits a multiconfigurational ground state. The majority contribution originates from a configuration best described as a singlet carbene coordinated to an intermediate-spin FeII center with a (dxy)2{(dxz),(dz2)}3(dyz)1(dx2-y2)0 configuration featuring near-degenerate dxz and dz2 orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Hakey
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Dylan C Leary
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Jin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Caleb F Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jonathan M Darmon
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Petersen
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
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9
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Wang Y, Xue P, Cao M, Yu T, Lane ST, Zhao H. Directed Evolution: Methodologies and Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12384-12444. [PMID: 34297541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library screening/selection. It has become one of the most powerful and widespread tools for engineering improved or novel functions in proteins, metabolic pathways, and even whole genomes. This review describes the commonly used gene diversification strategies, screening/selection methods, and recently developed continuous evolution strategies for directed evolution. Moreover, we highlight some representative applications of directed evolution in engineering nucleic acids, proteins, pathways, genetic circuits, viruses, and whole cells. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in directed evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Pu Xue
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mingfeng Cao
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Tianhao Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephan T Lane
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Balhara R, Chatterjee R, Jindal G. A computational approach to understand the role of metals and axial ligands in artificial heme enzyme catalyzed C-H insertion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9500-9511. [PMID: 33885085 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00412c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Engineered heme enzymes such as myoglobin and cytochrome P450s metalloproteins are gaining widespread importance due to their efficiency in catalyzing non-natural reactions. In a recent strategy, the naturally occurring Fe metal in the heme unit was replaced with non-native metals such as Ir, Rh, Co, Cu, etc., and axial ligands to generate artificial metalloenzymes. Determining the best metal-ligand for a chemical transformation is not a trivial task. Here we demonstrate how computational approaches can be used in deciding the best metal-ligand combination which would be highly beneficial in designing new enzymes as well as small molecule catalysts. We have used Density Functional Theory (DFT) to shed light on the enhanced reactivity of an Ir system with varying axial ligands. We look at the insertion of a carbene group generated from diazo precursors via N2 extrusion into a C-H bond. For both Ir(Me) and Fe systems, the first step, i.e., N2 extrusion is the rate determining step. Strikingly, neither the better ligand overlap with 5d orbitals on Ir nor the electrophilicity on the carbene centre play a significant role. A comparison of Fe and Ir systems reveals that a lower distortion in the Ir(Me)-porphyrin on moving from the reactant to the transition state renders it catalytically more active. We notice that for both metal porphyrins, the free energy barriers are affected by axial ligand substitution. Further, for Fe porphyrin, the axial ligand also changes the preferred spin state. We show that for the carbene insertion into the C-H bond, Fe porphyrin systems undergo a stepwise HAT (hydrogen atom transfer) instead of a concerted hydride transfer process. Importantly, we find that the substitution of the axial Me ligand on Ir to imidazole or chloride, or without an axial substitution changes the rate determining step of the reaction. Therefore, an optimum ligand that can balance the barriers for both steps of the catalytic cycle is essential. We subsequently used the QM cluster approach to delineate the protein environment's role and mutations in improving the catalytic activity of the Ir(Me) system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Balhara
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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11
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Hoffbauer MR, Iluc VM. [2+2] Cycloadditions with an Iron Carbene: A Critical Step in Enyne Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5592-5597. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Hoffbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Vlad M. Iluc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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12
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Musselman BW, Lehnert N. Bridging and axial carbene binding modes in cobalt corrole complexes: effect on carbene transfer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14881-14884. [PMID: 33174882 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically relevant intermediates in carbene transfer reactions from a diazo precursor were investigated using cobalt corrole complexes. Two divergent mechanisms are proposed depending on the oxidation state of the cobalt center. Mechanistically driven factors for the usage of cobalt corroles in carbene transfer reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Musselman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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13
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Rodríguez M, Font G, Nadal‐Moradell J, Hernán‐Gómez A, Costas M. Iron‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Functionalization of Non‐Activated Aliphatic C−H Bonds
via
Carbene Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Rodríguez
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
| | - Gemma Font
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
| | - Joel Nadal‐Moradell
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
| | - Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica Universidad de Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares-Madrid Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química Universitat de Girona Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona Spain
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco F. Batista
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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15
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Stroscio GD, Srnec M, Hadt RG. Multireference Ground and Excited State Electronic Structures of Free- versus Iron Porphyrin-Carbenes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8707-8715. [PMID: 32510941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes (IPCs) are important reaction intermediates in engineered carbene transferase enzymes and homogeneous catalysis. However, discrepancies between theory and experiment complicate the understanding of IPC electronic structure. In the literature, this has been framed as whether the ground state is an open- vs closed-shell singlet (OSS vs CSS). Here we investigate the structurally dependent ground and excited spin-state energetics of a free carbene and its IPC analogs with variable trans axial ligands. In particular, for IPCs, multireference ab initio wave function methods are more consistent with experiment and predict a mixed singlet ground state that is dominated by the CSS (Fe(II) ← {:C(X)Y}0) configuration (i.e., electrophilic carbene) but that also has a small, non-negligible contribution from an Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• configuration (hole in d(xz), i.e., radical carbene). In the multireference approach, the "OSS-like" excited states are metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) in nature and are energetically well above the CSS-dominated ground state. The first, lowest energy of these "OSS-like" excited states is predicted to be heavily weighted toward the Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• (hole in d(yz)) configuration. As expected from exchange considerations, this state falls energetically above a triplet of the same configuration. Furthermore, potential energy surfaces (PESs) along the IPC Fe-C(carbene) bond elongation exhibit increasingly strong mixings between CSS/OSS characters, with the Fe(III)-{C(X)Y}-• configuration (hole in d(xz)) growing in weight in the ground state during bond elongation. The relative degree of electrophilic/radical carbene character along this structurally relevant PES can potentially play a role in reactivity and selectivity patterns in catalysis. Future studies on IPC reaction coordinates should evaluate contributions from ground and excited state multireference character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam D Stroscio
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Martin Srnec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 8, 18223 Czech Republic
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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16
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Zhou AZ, Chen K, Arnold FH. Enzymatic Lactone-Carbene C–H Insertion to Build Contiguous Chiral Centers. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Li F, Zhang JZ, Xia F. How CuCl and CuCl 2 Insert into C-N Bonds of Diazo Compounds: An Electronic Structure and Mechanistic Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2029-2035. [PMID: 32083869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal Cu catalysts CuCl and CuCl2 have been widely employed to catalyze a series of chemical reactions with diazo compounds because of their high efficiency and selectivity. However, how to yield the active Cu carbene species from the Cu catalysts and diazo compounds still remains unclear. In this work, we performed a comprehensive theoretical investigation on the electronic structures of CuCl and CuCl2 in solution. The results indicate that the most stable structures for CuCl and CuCl2 are dimer and monomer, respectively. The C-N bond insertion of aryldiazoacetate by CuCl yields a stable bimetallic carbene species, which differs from the monometallic carbene generated from CuCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - John Zenghui Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at New York University Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at New York University Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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18
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Empel C, Jana S, Koenigs RM. C-H Functionalization via Iron-Catalyzed Carbene-Transfer Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040880. [PMID: 32079259 PMCID: PMC7070285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct C-H functionalization reaction is one of the most efficient strategies by which to introduce new functional groups into small organic molecules. Over time, iron complexes have emerged as versatile catalysts for carbine-transfer reactions with diazoalkanes under mild and sustainable reaction conditions. In this review, we discuss the advances that have been made using iron catalysts to perform C-H functionalization reactions with diazoalkanes. We give an overview of early examples employing stoichiometric iron carbene complexes and continue with recent advances in the C-H functionalization of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds, concluding with the latest developments in enzymatic C-H functionalization reactions using iron-heme-containing enzymes.
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19
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Manna D, Lo R, Hobza P. Spin modification of iron(ii) complexes via covalent (dative) and dispersion guided non-covalent bonding with N-heterocyclic carbenes: DFT, DLPNO-CCSD(T) and MCSCF studies. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:164-170. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spin crossover from high spin Fe(ii)-phthalocyanine to low or intermediate spin via either dative covalent or non-covalent interaction by just varying the substituent using the same core ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashree Manna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Rabindranath Lo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
- 16610 Prague 6
- Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
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20
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Damiano C, Sonzini P, Gallo E. Iron catalysts with N-ligands for carbene transfer of diazo reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4867-4905. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00221f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the catalytic activity of iron complexes of nitrogen ligands in driving carbene transfers towards CC, C–H and X–H bonds. The reactivity of diazo reagents is discussed as well as the proposed reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Sonzini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
| | - Emma Gallo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Milan
- 20133 Milan
- Italy
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21
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Liu Y, You T, Wang HX, Tang Z, Zhou CY, Che CM. Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions and their application in organic synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5310-5358. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the developments in iron and cobalt catalyzed C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions with emphasis on their applications in organic synthesis, i.e. natural products and pharmaceuticals synthesis and/or modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungen Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
| | - Tingjie You
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Zhou Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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22
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Hernán‐Gómez A, Rodríguez M, Parella T, Costas M. Electrophilic Iron Catalyst Paired with a Lithium Cation Enables Selective Functionalization of Non‐Activated Aliphatic C−H Bonds via Metallocarbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13904-13911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Mònica Rodríguez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Resonància Magnètica NuclearUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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23
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Zhang Y. Computational Investigations of Heme Carbenes and Heme Carbene Transfer Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:13231-13247. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Stevens Institute of Technology 1 Castle Point on Hudson Hoboken NJ 07030 USA
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24
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Hernán‐Gómez A, Rodríguez M, Parella T, Costas M. Electrophilic Iron Catalyst Paired with a Lithium Cation Enables Selective Functionalization of Non‐Activated Aliphatic C−H Bonds via Metallocarbene Intermediates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán‐Gómez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Mònica Rodríguez
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Resonància Magnètica NuclearUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - Miquel Costas
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat de GironaInstitut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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25
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Cailler LP, Martynov AG, Gorbunova YG, Tsivadze AY, Sorokin AB. Carbene insertion to N–H bonds of 2-aminothiazole and 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives catalyzed by iron phthalocyanine. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron(III) phthalocyaninate decorated with crown ether substituents, [(15C5)4PcFe]Cl, efficiently catalyzed the insertion of carbene derived from ethyl diazoacetate to six amines functionalized with thiazole, thiazoline and thiadiazole heterocycles. The reactions were carried out under practical conditions using EDA:amine stoechiometric ratio with 0.05 mol% catalyst loading. Turnover numbers up to 3360 have been achieved. The aminoacid derivatives bearing heterocyclic moieties were obtained under catalytic conditions for the first time with 36–69% yields in the case of single N–H insertion products and up to 77% in the case of double N–H insertion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie P. Cailler
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Alexander G. Martynov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia G. Gorbunova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Yu. Tsivadze
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr., 31, Bldg. 4, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B. Sorokin
- Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse et l’Environnement de Lyon, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, 2 av. Albert Einstein, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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26
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Wang HX, Wan Q, Wu K, Low KH, Yang C, Zhou CY, Huang JS, Che CM. Ruthenium(II) Porphyrin Quinoid Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Reactivity toward Carbene Transfer and Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9027-9046. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research & Innovation, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Zhou Y, Li Z, Ma F, Zhao C, Lu P, Wang Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Haloindol-2-amines from 3-Diazoindolin-2-imines and Alkyl Halides. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6655-6668. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenmin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Fanghui Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yanguang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
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28
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Tanbouza N, Keipour H, Ollevier T. FeII-catalysed insertion reaction of α-diazocarbonyls into X–H bonds (X = Si, S, N, and O) in dimethyl carbonate as a suitable solvent alternative. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31241-31246. [PMID: 35527937 PMCID: PMC9073380 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insertion reaction of a broad range of diazo compounds into Si–H bonds was found to be efficiently catalysed by Fe(OTf)2 in an emerging green solvent i.e. dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hoda Keipour
- Département de Chimie
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
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29
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Chen Z, Rong MY, Nie J, Zhu XF, Shi BF, Ma JA. Catalytic alkylation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds for C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4921-4942. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00086k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent advancements in catalytic direct transformation of unactivated C(sp3)–H bonds into C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences
- Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
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30
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Enzymatic assembly of carbon-carbon bonds via iron-catalysed sp 3 C-H functionalization. Nature 2018; 565:67-72. [PMID: 30568304 PMCID: PMC6440214 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although abundant in organic molecules, carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds are typically considered unreactive and unavailable for chemical manipulation. Recent advances in C-H functionalization technology have begun to transform this logic, while emphasizing the importance of and challenges associated with selective alkylation at a sp3 carbon1,2. Here we describe iron-based catalysts for the enantio-, regio- and chemoselective intermolecular alkylation of sp3 C-H bonds through carbene C-H insertion. The catalysts, derived from a cytochrome P450 enzyme in which the native cysteine axial ligand has been substituted for serine (cytochrome P411), are fully genetically encoded and produced in bacteria, where they can be tuned by directed evolution for activity and selectivity. That these proteins activate iron, the most abundant transition metal, to perform this chemistry provides a desirable alternative to noble-metal catalysts, which have dominated the field of C-H functionalization1,2. The laboratory-evolved enzymes functionalize diverse substrates containing benzylic, allylic or α-amino C-H bonds with high turnover and excellent selectivity. Furthermore, they have enabled the development of concise routes to several natural products. The use of the native iron-haem cofactor of these enzymes to mediate sp3 C-H alkylation suggests that diverse haem proteins could serve as potential catalysts for this abiological transformation, and will facilitate the development of new enzymatic C-H functionalization reactions for applications in chemistry and synthetic biology.
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31
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1415] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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32
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Dhifaoui S, Hajji M, Nasri S, Guerfel T, Daran JC, Nasri H. A new high-spin iron(III) bis(aqua) complex with the meso-tetra(para-chlorophenyl)porphyrin: X-ray crystallography, Hirshfeld surface analysis, magnetic, EPR and electrochemical properties. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Prasanthi AVG, Begum S, Srivastava HK, Tiwari SK, Singh R. Iron-Catalyzed Arene C–H Amidation Using Functionalized Hydroxyl Amines at Room Temperature. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. V. G. Prasanthi
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Samiyara Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Sandip Kumar Tiwari
- Centre of Bio-Medical Research, SGPGI Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226014, India
| | - Ritesh Singh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh-229010, India
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR—Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
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34
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Capture and characterization of a reactive haem–carbenoid complex in an artificial metalloenzyme. Nat Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-018-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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35
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Li Y, Yang H, Zhai H. The Expanding Utility of Rhodium-Iminocarbenes: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Natural Products and Related Scaffolds. Chemistry 2018; 24:12757-12766. [PMID: 29575147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Rhodium-iminocarbenes that are derived from N-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles have become an important class of reactive species and useful intermediates in organic synthesis. Over the last several years, many practical and versatile approaches involving rhodium-iminocarbene intermediates to synthetically challenging molecules (scaffolds) have been developed. This Minireview mainly summarizes the recent advance of rhodium-iminocarbene involved reactions in the synthesis of natural products and their related scaffolds by the end of 2017. Several applications in important pharmaceuticals are documented as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 730000, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, 518055, China
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36
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Yamashita Y, Suzuki H, Sato I, Hirata T, Kobayashi S. Catalytic Direct-Type Addition Reactions of Alkylarenes with Imines and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6896-6900. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201711291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Io Sato
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hirata
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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37
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Yamashita Y, Suzuki H, Sato I, Hirata T, Kobayashi S. Catalytic Direct-Type Addition Reactions of Alkylarenes with Imines and Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201711291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Io Sato
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsubasa Hirata
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Shū Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; The University of Tokyo; Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo Japan
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38
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Synthesis, Mössbauer, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic properties and molecular structures of the low-spin iron(III) bis(pyrazine) complexes with the para-fluoro and para-chloro substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Wei Y, Tinoco A, Steck V, Fasan R, Zhang Y. Cyclopropanations via Heme Carbenes: Basic Mechanism and Effects of Carbene Substituent, Protein Axial Ligand, and Porphyrin Substitution. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1649-1662. [PMID: 29268614 PMCID: PMC5875692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Catalytic carbene
transfer to olefins is a useful approach to synthesize
cyclopropanes, which are key structural motifs in many drugs and biologically
active natural products. While catalytic methods for olefin cyclopropanation
have largely relied on rare transition-metal-based catalysts, recent
studies have demonstrated the promise and synthetic value of iron-based
heme-containing proteins for promoting these reactions with excellent
catalytic activity and selectivity. Despite this progress, the mechanism
of iron-porphyrin and hemoprotein-catalyzed olefin cyclopropanation
has remained largely unknown. Using a combination of quantum chemical
calculations and experimental mechanistic analyses, the present study
shows for the first time that the increasingly useful C=C functionalizations
mediated by heme carbenes feature an FeII-based, nonradical,
concerted nonsynchronous mechanism, with early transition state character.
This mechanism differs from the FeIV-based, radical, stepwise
mechanism of heme-dependent monooxygenases. Furthermore, the effects
of the carbene substituent, metal coordinating axial ligand, and porphyrin
substituent on the reactivity of the heme carbenes was systematically
investigated, providing a basis for explaining experimental reactivity
results and defining strategies for future catalyst development. Our
results especially suggest the potential value of electron-deficient
porphyrin ligands for increasing the electrophilicity and thus the
reactivity of the heme carbene. Metal-free reactions were also studied
to reveal temperature and carbene substituent effects on catalytic
vs noncatalytic reactions. This study sheds new light into the mechanism
of iron-porphyrin and hemoprotein-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions
and it is expected to facilitate future efforts toward sustainable
carbene transfer catalysis using these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
| | - Antonio Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Viktoria Steck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Rudi Fasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States of America
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology , 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States of America
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40
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Miura T, Zhao Q, Murakami M. Selective Functionalization of Aromatic C(sp 2 )-H Bonds in the Presence of Benzylic C(sp 3 )-H Bonds by Electron-Deficient Carbenoids Generated from 4-Acyl-1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-Triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16645-16649. [PMID: 29110386 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium(II)-catalyzed reaction of newly prepared 4-acyl-1-sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles with benzene, and its derivatives, is investigated. Acceptor/acceptor carbenoids generated from 4-acyltriazoles undergo selective insertion at aromatic C(sp2 )-H bonds in the presence of benzylic C(sp3 )-H bonds to produce N-sulfonylenaminones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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41
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Miura T, Zhao Q, Murakami M. Selective Functionalization of Aromatic C(sp2
)−H Bonds in the Presence of Benzylic C(sp3
)−H Bonds by Electron-Deficient Carbenoids Generated from 4-Acyl-1-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-Triazoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Miura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Katsura Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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42
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Oohora K, Meichin H, Zhao L, Wolf MW, Nakayama A, Hasegawa JY, Lehnert N, Hayashi T. Catalytic Cyclopropanation by Myoglobin Reconstituted with Iron Porphycene: Acceleration of Catalysis due to Rapid Formation of the Carbene Species. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17265-17268. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Oohora
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- Frontier
Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Meichin
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Liming Zhao
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Matthew W. Wolf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Akira Nakayama
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Hasegawa
- Institute
for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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43
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Khade RL, Zhang Y. C-H Insertions by Iron Porphyrin Carbene: Basic Mechanism and Origin of Substrate Selectivity. Chemistry 2017; 23:17654-17658. [PMID: 29071754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental reports of heme carbene C-H insertions show promising results for sustainable chemistry due to good yield and selectivity, low cost of iron, and low/no toxicity of hemes. But mechanistic details are mostly unknown. Despite structural similarity and isoelectronic nature between heme carbene and the FeIV =O intermediate, our quantum chemical studies with detailed geometric and electronic information for the first time reveal an FeII -based, concerted, hydride-transfer mechanism, which is different from the FeIV -based stepwise hydrogen atom transfer mechanism for C-H functionalization by native heme enzymes. A trend of broad range experimental C-H insertion yields (0-88 %) of five different C-H bonds, including mostly non-functionalized moieties, was well reproduced. Results suggest that the substrate selectivity originates from the hydride formation capability. The predicted kinetic isotope effects were also in excellent agreement with experiment. Useful geometry, charge, and energy parameters well correlated with barriers were reported. These results provide the first theoretical evidence that carbene formation is the overall rate-limiting step, and suggest a key role of the formation of strong electrophilic heme carbene in developing heme-based C-H insertion catalysts and biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul L Khade
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
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44
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Keipour H, Ollevier T. Iron-Catalyzed Carbene Insertion Reactions of α-Diazoesters into Si–H Bonds. Org Lett 2017; 19:5736-5739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Keipour
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ollevier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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45
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Griffin JR, Wendell CI, Garwin JA, White MC. Catalytic C(sp 3)-H Alkylation via an Iron Carbene Intermediate. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13624-13627. [PMID: 28898063 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic transformation of a C(sp3)-H bond to a C(sp3)-C bond via an iron carbene intermediate represents a long-standing challenge. Despite the success of enzymatic and small molecule iron catalysts mediating challenging C(sp3)-H oxidations and aminations via high-valent iron oxos and nitrenes, C(sp3)-H alkylations via isoelectronic iron carbene intermediates have thus far been unsuccessful. Iron carbenes have been inert, or shown to favor olefin cyclopropanation and heteroatom-hydrogen insertion. Herein we report an iron phthalocyanine-catalyzed alkylation of allylic and benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds. Mechanistic investigations support that an electrophilic iron carbene mediates homolytic C-H cleavage and rebounds from the resulting organoiron intermediate to form the C-C bond; both steps are tunable via catalyst modifications. These studies suggest that for iron carbenes, distinct from other late metal carbenes, C-H cleavage is partially rate-determining and must be promoted to effect reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Griffin
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chloe I Wendell
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jacob A Garwin
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - M Christina White
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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46
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Abstract
Catalytic C-H bond activation, which was an elusive subject of chemical research until the 1990s, has now become a standard synthetic method for the formation of new C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. The synthetic potential of C-H activation was first described for ruthenium catalysis and is now widely exploited by the use of various precious metals. Driven by the increasing interest in chemical utilization of ubiquitous metals that are abundant and nontoxic, iron catalysis has become a rapidly growing area of research, and iron-catalyzed C-H activation has been most actively explored in recent years. In this review, we summarize the development of stoichiometric C-H activation, which has a long history, and catalytic C-H functionalization, which emerged about 10 years ago. We focus in this review on reactions that take place via reactive organoiron intermediates, and we excluded those that use iron as a Lewis acid or radical initiator. The contents of this review are categorized by the type of C-H bond cleaved and the type of bond formed thereafter, and it covers the reactions of simple substrates and substrates possessing a directing group that anchors the catalyst to the substrate, providing an overview of iron-mediated and iron-catalyzed C-H activation reported in the literature by October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Laurean Ilies
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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47
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Tortoreto C, Rackl D, Davies HML. Metal-Free C–H Functionalization of Alkanes by Aryldiazoacetates. Org Lett 2017; 19:770-773. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Tortoreto
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Daniel Rackl
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Huw M. L. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515
Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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48
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Zhuge R, Wu L, Quan M, Butt N, Yang G, Zhang W. Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Arylboronic Acids topara- Quinone Methides for Preparation of Diarylacetates. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201601302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Zhuge
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Quan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas Butt
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 People's Republic of China
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49
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Designing ‘Totem’C2-Symmetrical Iron Porphyrin Catalysts for Stereoselective Cyclopropanations. Chemistry 2016; 22:13599-612. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Sharon DA, Mallick D, Wang B, Shaik S. Computation Sheds Insight into Iron Porphyrin Carbenes' Electronic Structure, Formation, and N-H Insertion Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9597-610. [PMID: 27347808 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Iron porphyrin carbenes constitute a new frontier of species with considerable synthetic potential. Exquisitely engineered myoglobin and cytochrome P450 enzymes can generate these complexes and facilitate the transformations they mediate. The current work harnesses density functional theoretical methods to provide insight into the electronic structure, formation, and N-H insertion reactivity of an iron porphyrin carbene, [Fe(Por)(SCH3)(CHCO2Et)](-), a model of a complex believed to exist in an experimentally studied artificial metalloenzyme. The ground state electronic structure of the terminal form of this complex is an open-shell singlet, with two antiferromagnetically coupled electrons residing on the iron center and carbene ligand. As we shall reveal, the bonding properties of [Fe(Por)(SCH3)(CHCO2Et)](-) are remarkably analogous to those of ferric heme superoxide complexes. The carbene forms by dinitrogen loss from ethyl diazoacetate. This reaction occurs preferentially through an open-shell singlet transition state: iron donates electron density to weaken the C-N bond undergoing cleavage. Once formed, the iron porphyrin carbene accomplishes N-H insertion via nucleophilic attack. The resulting ylide then rearranges, using an internal carbonyl base, to form an enol that leads to the product. The findings rationalize experimentally observed reactivity trends reported in artificial metalloenzymes employing iron porphyrin carbenes. Furthermore, these results suggest a possible expansion of enzymatic substrate scope, to include aliphatic amines. Thus, this work, among the first several computational explorations of these species, contributes insights and predictions to the surging interest in iron porphyrin carbenes and their synthetic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Sharon
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Binju Wang
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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