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Attia AAA, Lupan A, King RB. Nonsphericity in diferratetracarbaboranes having 2 n + 2 Wadean skeletal electrons: deviations from closo deltahedral geometries and high-energy kinetically stable isomers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2437-2448. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The three Cp2Fe2C4Me4 isomers, produced under relatively mild conditions and having an “open” tetragonal or pentagonal face, correspond to the lowest energy structures not based on the 14-vertex closo deltahedron. The corresponding global minimum is an experimentally observed closo structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A. A. Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Babeş-Bolyai University
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - R. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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Dziedzic RM, Spokoyny AM. Metal-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry with polyhedral boranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:430-442. [PMID: 30525176 PMCID: PMC6491218 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc08693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as a very powerful strategy to functionalize carbon-based molecules. More recently, some of the cross-coupling methodologies have been adapted to inorganic compounds including boron-rich clusters. The development of this chemistry relies on the ability to synthesize halogenated boron-rich clusters which can serve as electrophilic cross-coupling partners with nucleophilic substrates in the presence of a metal catalyst. While the cross-coupling chemistry with boron-clusters is conceptually reminiscent of that of its hydrocarbon counterparts, several key aspects including the spheroidal bulk of clusters and the distinct nature of boron-halogen/boron-heteroatom bonds make this chemistry unique. The utility of metal-catalyzed cross-coupling can be extended to several classes of polyhedral boranes including neutral and anionic carboranes, metallaboranes, and carbon-free boranes. Importantly, cross-coupling enables a suite of boron-heteroatom (C, N, O, P, S) couplings to prepare boron cluster-based systems that can be used for ligand design, medicinal chemistry, and materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal M Dziedzic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
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Attia AAA, Lupan A, King RB. Deviations from the Most Spherical Deltahedra in Rhenatricarbaboranes Having 2n + 2 Wadean Skeletal Electrons. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15015-15025. [PMID: 29185721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory studies on the rhenatricarbaboranes C3Bn-4Hn-1Re(CO)3 (n = 7-12) show that the lowest energy polyhedra for n-vertex metallaboranes having 2n + 2 skeletal electrons and sufficiently dissimilar vertex atoms can deviate from the most spherical closo deltahedra predicted by application of the Wade-Mingos rules. Furthermore, the lowest energy structures of these rhenatricarbaboranes are found to avoid C-C edges and have carbon atoms located at degree 4 rather than degree 5 vertices. The lowest energy structures for the 7-vertex C3B3H6Re(CO)3 system all have a central C3B3Re closo deltahedron, namely the pentagonal bipyramid with the rhenium atom at a degree 5 axial vertex and all three carbon atoms at degree 4 equatorial vertices. However, the lowest energy structure for the 8-vertex C3B4H7Re(CO)3 is not the most spherical closo 8-vertex deltahedron, namely the bisdisphenoid, but instead a central C3B4Re hexagonal bipyramid with mutually nonadjacent degree 4 vertices for the carbon atoms. Similarly, the lowest energy 10-vertex C3B6H9Re(CO)3 structures are derived from isocloso deltahedra having three degree 4 vertices for all three carbon atoms rather than from the most spherical 10-vertex closo deltahedron, namely the bicapped square antiprism with only two degree 4 vertices. However, for the 9-vertex C3B5H8Re(CO)3 system, the most spherical closo deltahedron, namely the tricapped trigonal prism, has three mutually nonadjacent degree 4 vertices, which is ideal for the three carbon atoms and thus is the preferred deltahedron. The preferred deltahedron for the 11-vertex C3B7H10Re(CO)3 remains the most spherical closo deltahedron despite having only two degree 4 vertices for the carbon atoms. Furthermore, the six lowest energy 12-vertex C3B8H11Re(CO)3 structures are all based on the regular icosahedron generally favored in polyhedral borane chemistry despite its complete lack of degree 4 vertices for the carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr A A Attia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - Alexandru Lupan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University , Cluj-Napoca 400084, Romania
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Saikia I, Borah AJ, Phukan P. Use of Bromine and Bromo-Organic Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2016; 116:6837-7042. [PMID: 27199233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bromination is one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis and can be carried out using bromine and many other bromo compounds. Use of molecular bromine in organic synthesis is well-known. However, due to the hazardous nature of bromine, enormous growth has been witnessed in the past several decades for the development of solid bromine carriers. This review outlines the use of bromine and different bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis. The applications of bromine, a total of 107 bromo-organic compounds, 11 other brominating agents, and a few natural bromine sources were incorporated. The scope of these reagents for various organic transformations such as bromination, cohalogenation, oxidation, cyclization, ring-opening reactions, substitution, rearrangement, hydrolysis, catalysis, etc. has been described briefly to highlight important aspects of the bromo-organic compounds in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Jyoti Borah
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
| | - Prodeep Phukan
- Department of Chemistry, Gauahti University , Guwahati-781014, Assam, India
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Berkeley ER, Perez-Gavilan A, Carroll PJ, Sneddon LG. Syntheses, Structural Characterizations, and Reactivity Studies of Half-Sandwich Cobalt, Rhodium, and Iridium Metallatricarbadecaboranyl Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Berkeley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Ariane Perez-Gavilan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Larry G. Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Schäfer M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Finze M. Boron Clusters with a Ferrocenylalkynyl Group Bonded to Boron: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Trends. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gleeson B, Carroll PJ, Sneddon LG. Functionalized ferratricarbadecaboranyl complexes for potential anticancer applications. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gleeson B, Carroll PJ, Sneddon LG. Syntheses and structural characterizations of inorganic ansa-metallocene analogues: ansa-ferratricarbadecaboranes. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:12407-13. [PMID: 23930745 DOI: 10.1021/ja405977q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
New linked cyclopentadienyl-tricarbadecaboranyl and bis-tricarbadecaboranyl dianions have been used to form the first examples of ansa-metallatricarbadecaboranyl complexes. The hybrid cyclopentadienyl-tricarbadecaboranyl dianion, Li2(+)[6-C5H4-(CH2)2-nido-5,6,9-C3B7H9](2-) (1), was produced by an initial carbon-insertion reaction of a nitrile-substituted cyclopentadiene with the arachno-4,6-C2B7H12(-) anion, followed by deprotonation to the dianion with LiH. The linked-cage bis-tricarbadecaboranyl dianion, Li2(+)[6,6'-(CH2)2-nido-(5,6,9-C3B7H9)2](2-) (2), was produced by a similar carbon-insertion route involving the reaction of two equivalents of arachno-4,6-C2B7H12(-) with succinonitrile. The reaction of 1 with an equivalent of FeCl2 produced the hybrid complex, ansa-(2-(CH2)2)-(1-η(5)-C5H4-closo-1,2,3,4-C3B7H9)Fe (3), with a crystallographic determination confirming the formation of a sandwich structure where the ring and cage are linked by the ansa -CH2CH2- group with attachment to the cage at the C2 carbon. The reaction of 2 with FeCl2 produced three isomeric ansa-(CH2)2-ferrabistricarbadecaboranyl sandwich complexes, ansa-(CH2)2-(closo-C3B7H9)2Fe (4, 5 and 6). Crystallographic determinations showed that in 4, the two tricarbadecaboranyl ligands are linked by the ansa-CH2CH2- group at the C2 and C2' cage carbons, whereas in 5 and 6 they are linked at their C2 and C4' carbons, with the structures of 5 and 6 differing in the relative positions of the C4' carbons in the two cages of each complex. The structural determinations also showed that, depending upon the linking position of the ansa-tether, constraints in cage-orientation, such as observed in 4, produce unfavorable intercage steric interactions. However, the cage fragments in these complexes can readily undergo a cage-carbon migration that moves one -carbon and its tether linkage to the more favorable 4-position. This isomerization reduces the cage steric interactions and produces configurations, such as those found for 5 and 6, where the iron cage bonding is enhanced as a result of the binding effect of the tether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gleeson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Functionalized ruthenatricarbadecaboranes via selective cage iodination and Sonogashira coupling reactions. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Perez-Gavilan A, Carroll PJ, Sneddon LG. New palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling routes to carbon functionalized metallatricarbadecaboranes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5903-10. [PMID: 22563622 DOI: 10.1021/ic300528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general method for the synthesis of cage-carbon-functionalized cyclopentadienyl iron and cyclopentadienyl ruthenium tricarbadecaboranyl complexes has been developed that employs palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira, Heck, and Stille cross-coupling reactions directed at a cage-carbon haloaryl substituent. The key Li(+)[6-(p-XC(6)H(4))-nido-5,6,9-C(3)B(7)H(9)(-)] (X = I (1), Br (2), Cl (3)) haloaryl-tricarbadecaboranyl anionic ligands were synthesized in high yields via the reaction of the arachno-4,6-C(2)B(7)H(12)(-) anion with the corresponding p-halobenzonitriles (p-XC(6)H(4)-CN). The reactions of the salts 1-3 with (η(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(CO)(2)I and (η(5)-C(5)H(5))Ru(CH(3)CN)(3)PF(6) were then used to produce the haloaryl complexes 1-(η(5)-C(5)H(5))-2-(p-XC(6)H(4))-closo-1,2,3,4-MC(3)B(7)H(9) (M = Fe, X = I (4), Br (5), Cl (6) and M = Ru, X = I (7), Br (8), Cl (9)). The sonication-promoted Sonogashira coupling reactions of 4 with terminal alkynes catalyzed by Pd(dppf)(2)Cl(2)/CuI yielded the alkynyl-linked derivatives 1-(η(5)-C(5)H(5))-2-p-RC(6)H(4)-closo-1,2,3,4-FeC(3)B(7)H(9) (R = (PhC≡C)- (10), (CH(3)CH(2)C(O)OCH(2)C≡C)- (11), ((η(5)-C(5)H(5))Fe(η(5)-C(5)H(4)C≡C))- (12)). Heck reactions of 4 with terminal alkenes catalyzed by Pd(OAc)(2) yielded the alkene-functionalized products 1-(η(5)-C(5)H(5))-2-p-RC(6)H(4)-closo-1,2,3,4-FeC(3)B(7)H(9) (R = (PhCH(2)CH═CH)- (13), (CH(3)(CH(2))(2)CH═CH)- (14)), while the Stille cross-coupling reactions of 4 with organotin compounds catalyzed by Pd(PPh(3))(2)Cl(2) afforded the complexes 1-(η(5)-C(5)H(5))-2-p-RC(6)H(4)-closo-1,2,3,4-FeC(3)B(7)H(9) (R = Ph- (15), (CH(2)═CH)- (16), (CH(2)═CHCH(2))- (17)). These reactions thus provide facile and systematic access to a wide variety of new types of functionalized metallatricarbadecaboranyl complexes with substituents needed for potential metallocene-like biomedical and/or optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Perez-Gavilan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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Perez-Gavilan A, Carroll PJ, Sneddon LG. Efficient and Systematic Click-Based Synthetic Routes to Amino Acid Functionalized Metallatricarbadecaboranes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om201044r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Perez-Gavilan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Larry G. Sneddon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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Ethynylmonocarba-closo-dodecaborates: M[12-HCC-closo-1-CB11H11] and M[7,12-(HCC)2-closo-1-CB11H10] (M=Cs+, [Et4N]+). J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Himmelspach A, Finze M. Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes with One and Two Ethynyl Groups Bonded to Boron. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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B-Alkylation and Arylation of [(η5-C5Me5Mo)2B5H9]: Synthesis and Characterization of Isomeric [(η5-C5Me5Mo)2B5H9-nRn] (When R = n-Bu, n = 2, 1; R = Ph, n = 2, 1). J CLUST SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-009-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sahoo S, Reddy KHK, Dhayal RS, Mobin SM, Ramkumar V, Jemmis ED, Ghosh S. Chlorinated Hypoelectronic Dimetallaborane Clusters: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electronic Structures of (η5-C5Me5W)2B5HnClm (n = 7, m = 2 and n = 8, m = 1). Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6509-16. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900467d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayan Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - K. Hari Krishna Reddy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Rajendra S. Dhayal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- National Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - V. Ramkumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - E. D. Jemmis
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Sundargopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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