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Del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Low-Valent Titanium Species Stabilized with Aluminum/Boron Hydride Fragments. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103085. [PMID: 34735025 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent titanium species were prepared by reaction of [TiCp*X3 ] (Cp*=η5 -C5 Me5 ; X=Cl, Br, Me) with LiEH4 (E=Al, B) or BH3 (thf), and their structures elucidated by experimental and theoretical methods. The treatment of trihalides [TiCp*X3 ] with LiAlH4 in ethereal solvents (L) leads to the hydride-bridged heterometallic complexes [{TiCp*(μ-H)}2 {(μ-H)2 AlX(L)}2 ] (L=thf, X=Cl, Br; L=OEt2 , X=Cl). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for those compounds reveal an open-shell singlet ground state with a Ti-Ti bond and can be described as titanium(II) species. The theoretical analyses also show strong interactions between the Ti-Ti bond and the empty s orbitals of the Al atom of the AlH2 XL fragments, which behave as σ-accepting (Z-type) ligands. Analogous reactions of [TiCp*X3 ] with LiBH4 (2 and 3 equiv.) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature and at 85 °C lead to the titanium(III) compounds [{TiCp*(BH4 )(μ-X)}2 ] (X=Cl, Br) and [{TiCp*(BH4 )(μ-BH4 )}2 ], respectively. The treatment of [TiCp*Me3 ] with 4 and 5 equiv. of BH3 (thf) produces the diamagnetic [{TiCp*(BH3 Me)}2 (μ-B2 H6 )] and paramagnetic [{TiCp*(μ-B2 H6 )}2 ] complexes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de, Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de, Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de, Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de, Henares-Madrid, Spain
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2
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Horno ED, Jiménez-Aparicio R, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Priego JL, Yélamos C. Preparation of Dimeric Monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium(III) Dihalides and Related Derivatives. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3740-3752. [PMID: 32101433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure, and reactivity of a series of half-sandwich titanium(III) dihalide complexes [Ti(η5-C5Me5)X2] (X = Cl, Br, I) and several of its Lewis base derivatives were investigated. The reaction of the trihalides [Ti(η5-C5Me5)X3] (X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)) with LiAlH4 (≥1 equiv) in toluene at room temperature results in the formation of the halide-bridged dimers [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)X(μ-X)}2] (X = Cl (4), Br (5), I (6)). The treatment of 4 with [Li{N(SiMe3)2}] (≥2 equiv) at room temperature affords the precipitation of the amido titanium(III) complex [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl){N(SiMe3)2}}2] (7), but analogous reactions of 4 with other lithium reagents [LiR] (R = Me, CH2SiMe3, NMe2) lead to disproportionation into titanium(IV) [Ti(η5-C5Me5)R3] and presumably titanium(II) derivatives. Similarly, complex 4 in solution at temperatures higher than 100 °C undergoes disproportionation as demonstrated by its reactions with cobaltocene and N-(4-methylbenzylidene)aniline yielding the ionic paramagnetic compound [Co(η5-C5H5)2][Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl3] (8) and the diamagnetic diazatitanacyclopentane [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl{N(Ph)CH(p-tolyl)}2], respectively. Treatment of complex 4 with 2 equiv of 2,6-dimethylphenylisocyanide or tert-butylisocyanide in toluene at room temperature affords the paramagnetic titanium(III) dinuclear adducts [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)(CNR)}2] (R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 (9), tBu (10)). Magnetic studies for polycrystalline 9 show that it displays a weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the Ti ions, which is consistent with the long Ti-Ti distance of 3.857(1) Å determined by X-ray diffraction. The isocyanide ligands in complex 10 undergo a reductive coupling reaction in toluene to give the titanium(IV) iminoacyl derivative [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2}2(μ-η2:η2-tBuN═C-C═NtBu)] (11). Whereas an analogous dinuclear structure was found in the aqua titanium(III) complex [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)(OH2)}2] (12), resulting from the reaction of 4 with adventitious amounts of water, compound 4 reacts with excess ammonia to give a mononuclear adduct [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(NH3)2] (13) with a robust layered pattern in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reyes Jiménez-Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - José Luis Priego
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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García-Castro M, García-Iriepa C, Del Horno E, Martín A, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Temprado M, Yélamos C. The Puzzling Monopentamethylcyclopentadienyltitanium(III) Dichloride Reagent: Structure and Properties. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5314-5324. [PMID: 30943022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Following the track of the useful titanocene [Ti(η5-C5H5)2Cl] reagent in organic synthesis, the related half-sandwich titanium(III) derivatives [Ti(η5-C5R5)Cl2] are receiving increasing attention in radical chemistry of many catalyzed transformations. However, the structure of the active titanium(III) species remains unknown in the literature. Herein, we describe the synthesis, crystal structure, and electronic structure of titanium(III) aggregates of composition [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2} n]. The thermolysis of [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2Me] (1) in benzene or hexane at 180 °C results in the clean formation of [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)}2] (2), methane, and ethene. The treatment of 1 with excess pinacolborane in hexane at 65 °C leads to a mixture of 2 and the paramagnetic trimer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)2}3] (3). The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 2 and 3 show Ti-Ti distances of 3.267(1) and 3.219(12) Å, respectively. Computational studies (CASPT2//CASSCF and BS DFT methods) for dimer 2 reveal a singlet ground state and a relatively large singlet-triplet energy gap. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 2 in aromatic hydrocarbon solutions and DFT calculations for several [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2} n] aggregates are consistent with the existence of an equilibrium between the diamagnetic dimer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl(μ-Cl)}2] and a paramagnetic tetramer [{Ti(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)2}4] in solution. In contrast, complex 2 readily dissolves in tetrahydrofuran to give a green-blue solution from which blue crystals of the mononuclear adduct [Ti(η5-C5Me5)Cl2(thf)] (4) were grown.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Castro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina García-Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Departamento de Química , Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ) , 26006 Logroño , Spain
| | - Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Avelino Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , Universidad de Alcalá , 28805 Alcalá de Henares- Madrid , Spain
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4
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Click chemistry enables quantitative chiroptical sensing of chiral compounds in protic media and complex mixtures. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5323. [PMID: 30552322 PMCID: PMC6294054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click reactions have become powerful synthetic tools with unique applications in the health and materials sciences. Despite the progress with optical sensors that exploit the principles of dynamic covalent chemistry, metal coordination or supramolecular assemblies, quantitative analysis of complex mixtures remains challenging. Herein, we report the use of a readily available coumarin conjugate acceptor for chiroptical click chirality sensing of the absolute configuration, concentration and enantiomeric excess of several compound classes. This method has several attractive features, including wide scope, fast substrate fixation without by-product formation or complicate equilibria often encountered in reversible substrate binding, excellent solvent compatibility, and tolerance of air and water. The ruggedness and practicality of this approach are demonstrated by comprehensive analysis of nonracemic monoamine samples and crude asymmetric imine hydrogenation mixtures without work-up. Click chemosensing addresses increasingly important time efficiency, cost, labor and chemical sustainability aspects and streamlines asymmetric reaction development at the mg scale.
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Li B, Yu J, Li C, Li Y, Luo J, Shao Y. “One pot” synthesis of tertiary amines: Ru(II) catalyzed direct reductive N -benzylation of imines with benzyl bromide derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Funken N, Mühlhaus F, Gansäuer A. General, Highly Selective Synthesis of 1,3- and 1,4-Difunctionalized Building Blocks by Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12030-4. [PMID: 27600090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) featuring a catalyst-controlled synthesis of enantiomerically and diastereomerically highly enriched or pure syn- and anti- 1,3- and 1,4-difunctionalized building blocks from a common epoxide precursor. The REO is attractive for natural product synthesis and as a branching reaction for diversity-oriented synthesis with epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Funken
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Mühlhaus
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Funken N, Mühlhaus F, Gansäuer A. General, Highly Selective Synthesis of 1,3- and 1,4-Difunctionalized Building Blocks by Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico Funken
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Felix Mühlhaus
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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8
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Li B, Sortais JB, Darcel C. Amine synthesis via transition metal homogeneous catalysed hydrosilylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10494k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the preparation of amines involving homogeneous transition metal catalysed hydrosilylation including reductions of imines, amides, nitro and nitriles, reductive aminations and N-methylation of amines with CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sortais
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
| | - Christophe Darcel
- UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 “Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”
- Team “Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis”
- “Centre for Catalysis and Green Chemistry”
- 35042 Rennes Cedex
- France
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9
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Křižan M, Honzíček J, Vinklárek J, Růžičková Z, Erben M. Titanocene( iii) pseudohalides: an ESR and structural study. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ESR spectroscopy in both solution and the solid state revealed doublet, triplet and quartet ground states of new titanocene(iii) pseudohalide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Křižan
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Jan Honzíček
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Vinklárek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
| | - Milan Erben
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical Technology
- University of Pardubice
- 532 10 Pardubice
- Czech Republic
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10
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Fukumoto K, Sakai A, Murai T, Nakazawa H. Transformation of RN=CHPh to R(R′ 3Si)NCH 2Ph in the Catalytic Desulfurization of Secondary Thioamide with R′ 3SiH Promoted by an Iron Complex. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Fukumoto
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus; Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Akane Sakai
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University; Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Murai
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science; Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University; Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakazawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University; Osaka 558-8585 Japan
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Gansäuer A, Karbaum P, Schmauch D, Einig M, Shi L, Anoop A, Neese F. Synthetic and computational evaluation of regiodivergent epoxide opening for diol and polyol synthesis. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:2289-94. [PMID: 24782125 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In a combined synthetic and computational study, the factors governing the selectivity of the titanocene(III)-catalyzed regiodivergent epoxide opening (REO) with Kagan's complex via electron transfer leading to derivatives of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-diols were investigated. In this manner, valuable building blocks for the synthesis of 1,3- and 1,4-diols were identified. The computational study provides crucial structural features and energies of the transition states of ring opening that are important for the design of more selective catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk Str. 1, 53121 Bonn (Germany), Fax: (+49) 0228-73-5683.
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12
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Groom LR, Russell AF, Schwarz AD, Mountford P. Reactions of a Cyclopentadienyl–Amidinate Titanium Benzimidamido Complex. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4011752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Groom
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Adam F. Russell
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Schwarz
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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13
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Gansäuer A, Kube C, Daasbjerg K, Sure R, Grimme S, Fianu GD, Sadasivam DV, Flowers RA. Substituent Effects and Supramolecular Interactions of Titanocene(III) Chloride: Implications for Catalysis in Single Electron Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:1663-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gansäuer
- Kekulé-Institut
für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kube
- Kekulé-Institut
für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard Domagk Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Langelandsgade
140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Sure
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße
4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie der Rheinischen-Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Beringstraße
4, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Godfred D. Fianu
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Flowers
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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14
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Nikiforov GB, Roesky HW, Koley D. A survey of titanium fluoride complexes, their preparation, reactivity, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Geng W, Wang C, Guang J, Hao W, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienes and their applications for metallocenes: efficient synthesis through zirconocene- and CuCl-mediated intermolecular coupling of two alkynes and one diiodomethane. Chemistry 2013; 19:8657-64. [PMID: 23640905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrasubstituted cyclopentadienes and indene derivatives with identical or different substituents were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields through a zirconocene- and CuCl-mediated intermolecular coupling process. This synthetic procedure involved three organic partners, including one CH2 I2 , and two different or identical alkynes. Two alkynes or one diyne undergo Cp2Zr(II)-mediated (Cp = η(5)-C5H5) pair-selective reductive coupling to afford the corresponding zirconacyclopentadiene derivatives, which react, in the presence of CuCl and 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), with CH2I2 through intermolecular followed by intramolecular coupling to afford the cyclopentadiene derivatives. An application of the prepared tetrasubstituted cyclopentadiene derivatives was demonstrated by the facile synthesis of the corresponding zirconocene complexes [((4R)Cp)2ZrCl2] and [((4R)Cp)2ZrR'2] (R' = Me, Et, or nBu). The unique 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted cyclopentadiene ligands and the corresponding metallocenes are expected to have further applications in organometallic chemistry and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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16
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Klahn M, Rosenthal U. An Update on Recent Stoichiometric and Catalytic C–F Bond Cleavage Reactions by Lanthanide and Group 4 Transition-Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om200978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Klahn M, Baumann W, Arndt P, Burlakov VV, Schareina T, Spannenberg A, Rosenthal U. Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Group 4 Metallocene Alkyne Complexes: (η5-menthyl-C5H4)2M(η2-Me3SiC2SiMe3), M = Ti, Zr. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8009624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klahn
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir V. Burlakov
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Schareina
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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