1
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Giarrana L, Zimmer M, Morgenstern B, Scheschkewitz D. Tetrylene-Functionalized Si 7-Siliconoids. Inorg Chem 2024. [PMID: 38502920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The core expansion of metallic or metalloid clusters by the addition of further homo- or heteronuclear vertices is pivotal to the nucleation and growth of particles. The exohedral grafting of a low-valent functionality followed by endohedral incorporation have been identified as key steps. Following previous work on the Si6 series, we now report the synthesis and full characterization of the amidinatotetrylene-functionalized seven-vertex siliconoids Si7R5[E(NtBu)2CPh] (E = Si, Ge, Sn). In the case of the silylene derivative, the solid-state structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Service Center X-ray Diffraction, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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2
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Imagawa T, Giarrana L, Andrada DM, Morgenstern B, Nakamoto M, Scheschkewitz D. Stable Silapyramidanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4757-4764. [PMID: 36787446 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Starting from tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)cyclobutadiene and an amidinate-supported silylene of the Roesky-type, a sequence of addition and reduction cleanly gives the elusive silapyramidane via an isolable cyclobutene intermediate with an exocyclic Si═C bond. The silapyramidane features an unusually shielded 29Si NMR resonance at -448.3 ppm for the apex silicon atom. Treatment with Fe2(CO)9 results in the formation of the corresponding silapyramidane-iron complex. Silapyramidane also reacts with the cyclobutadiene starting material to cleanly afford a fluorescent spirobis(silole).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Imagawa
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Service Center X-ray Diffraction, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 739-8526 Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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3
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Pancharatna PD, Dar SH, Chowdhury UD, Balakrishnarajan MM. Anatomy of Classical Boron-Boron Bonding: Overlap and sp Dissonance. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3219-3228. [PMID: 35579966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical bonding is predominantly understood using the insipid spn hybridization for σ-bonds as well as π bonds and their delocalized variants. Because hybridization ignores intricate differences in the energy and size of valence atomic orbitals, its naïve application to classically bonded boron atoms leads to numerous surprises in bond strengths, frontier MOs/bands, and even geometry. Here we show that the sp dissonance caused by size mismatch between the valence s and p orbitals of boron plays a crucial role in its bonding, subtly distinct from that of carbon and silicon. Unlike the heavier p block elements, boron prefers to actively engage its compact 2s orbitals in bonding. This leads to the overreach of p-p σ-type overlap that reduces its magnitude in the entire B─B bonding range. Consequently, the π-type overlap remains substantial, making its electronic structure visibly distinct in saturated and unsaturated regimes. The deltahedral frameworks offer a compromise by breaking this symmetry-enforced dichotomy of classical σ- and π-type bonding and following alternate electron counts that suit the electron deficiency of the boron. The pathological anatomy of classical B─B σ-bonding also explains the origins of puzzling metallic character and disorder in their classical boride networks even with ideal electron count, unlike deltahedral borides. The implications of sp dissonance are illustrated in classical boron networks of various hybridizations, explaining the unusual preference for unique sp3 lattice with strained four-membered rings in CrB4, origins of observed σ holes in MgB2 that lead to its superconducting nature, and the absence of Peierls distortion in LiB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohail H Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India 605 014
| | - Unmesh D Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Science Education and Research-Bhubaneswar, an OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Odisha, India 752050
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4
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Varandas AJC. From six to eight Π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements and beyond: can planarity be deciphered from the "quasi-molecules" they embed? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8488-8507. [PMID: 35343978 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to study the structures of six and eight π-electron bare rings of group-XIV elements, and even larger [n]annulenes up to C18H18, including some of their mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-anions. While some of the above rings are planar, others are nonplanar. A much spotlighted case is cyclo-octatetraene (C8H8), which is predicted to be nonplanar together with its heavier group-XIV analogues Si8H8 and Ge8H8, with the solely planar members of its family having the stoichiometric formulas C4Si4H8 and C4Ge4H8. A similar situation arises with the six π-electron bare rings, where benzene and substituted ones up to C3Si3H6 or so are planar, while others are not. However, the explanations encountered in the literature find support in ab initio calculations for such species, often rationalized from distinct calculated features. Using second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory and, when affordable (particularly tetratomics, which may allow even higher levels), the coupled-cluster method including single, double, and perturbative triple excitations, a common rationale is suggested based on a novel concept of quasi-molecules or the (3+4)-atom partition scheme. Any criticism of tautology is therefore avoided. The same analysis has also been successfully applied to even larger [n]annulenes, to their mixed family members involving silicon and germanium atoms, and to the C18 carbon ring. Furthermore, it has been extended to annulene anions to check the criteria of the popular Hückel rule for planarity and aromaticity. Exploratory work on cycloarenes is also reported. Besides a partial study of the involved potential energy surfaces, equilibrium geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies have been calculated anew, for both the parent and the actual prototypes of the quasi-molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J C Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, 273165 Qufu, China.,Department of Physics, Universidade Federal do Esp rito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, and Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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5
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Helmer J, Hepp A, Lips F. A strongly twisted SiSi bond with resemblance to a buckled dimer in an unexpected isomer of hexasilabenzene. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3254-3262. [PMID: 35133371 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reductive debromination of {N(SiMe3)Ph}SiBr31 with Rieke magnesium yields the six-vertex amido-substituted silicon cluster 2 with zwitterionic character that represents an unprecedented isomer of hexasilabenzene. The topology of Si1 and Si2 in 2 has bonding features of a highly twisted disilene and resembles that of a buckled dimer of Si(100)2 × 1 reconstructed surfaces. Cluster 2 forms the adducts 3 and 4 with NHCMe4 and DMAP, respectively. The NHC adduct 4 additionally coordinates to BH3 which affords the saturated cluster BH3NHCMe4Si6{N(SiMe3)Ph}6 (5). Furthermore, 2 undergoes addition with MeI and iodine to form the halogenated silicon clusters 6 and 7, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joschua Helmer
- Westfälische-Willhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische-Willhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische-Willhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 28-30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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6
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Revival of Hückel Aromatic (Poly)benzenoid Subunits in Triplet State Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Silicon Substitution. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101261. [PMID: 34964285 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations we show that mono- and disilicon substitution in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, having two to four benzene units, quenches their triplet state antiaromaticity by creating Hückel aromatic (poly)benzenoid subunit(s) and weakly antiaromatic, or almost nonaromatic silacycle. Therefore, such systems are predicted to be globally aromatic in both the ground state and the first excited triplet state. Putting the silicon atom(s) into various positions of a hydrocarbon provides an opportunity to tune the singlet-triplet energy gaps. They depend on the global aromaticity degree which, in turn, depends on the type of aromatic carbocyclic subunit(s) and the extent of their aromaticity. On the basis of the set of studied compounds, some preliminary rules on how to regulate the extent of global, semiglobal and local aromaticity are proposed. The results of this work extend the importance of Hückel aromaticity concept to excited triplet states which are usually characterized by the Baird type of (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Organic Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, SERBIA
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
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7
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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8
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Abstract
The continuously decreasing size of device features in microelectronics draws growing attention to the structuring of silicon at the molecular level with powerful tools provided by synthetic chemistry. Silicon clusters are of particular importance in this regard not only as potential precursors for silicon deposition but also as well-defined model systems for bulk and surfaces of silicon at the nanoscale as well as possible starting points for future construction of molecularly precise device structures. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview about the state of the art in the synthesis of molecular silicon clusters, which are grouped into (1) electron-precise saturated clusters, (2) soluble polyhedral Zintl anions, and (3) unsaturated silicon clusters, the so-called siliconoids. Particular attention is paid to functionalization as it is generally considered a necessary prerequisite for the design and construction of more extended systems. The interrelations between the three different classes of molecular silicon clusters, e.g., arising from the introduction of negatively charged functional groups, are highlighted on grounds of NMR properties and computed electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Nakamura T, Mesuda A, Kudo T. Theoretical Study of the Si/C Mixed Benzenes and Their Major Valence Isomers. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Nakamura
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mesuda
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takako Kudo
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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10
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Keuter J, Schwermann C, Hepp A, Bergander K, Droste J, Hansen MR, Doltsinis NL, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Lips F. A highly unsaturated six-vertex amido-substituted silicon cluster. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5895-5901. [PMID: 32874511 PMCID: PMC7448375 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal treatment of the bicyclo[1.1.0]tetrasilatetraamide [Si4{N(SiMe3)Dipp}4] 1 resulted in the formation of a highly unsaturated six-vertex silicon cluster [Si6{N(SiMe3)Dipp}4] 2 with only four amine-substituents and two ligand-free silicon atoms. In solution, a major and a minor conformer of this cluster are in equilibrium according to multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, lineshape analysis, DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The bonding situation in the highly unsaturated cluster features lone pair type character at the ligand-free silicon atoms and partial single and double bond character in the upper butterfly-shaped ring of 2. This allows to consider 2 as the silicon analogue of a butalene isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Keuter
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Christian Schwermann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Festkörpertheorie , Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Klaus Bergander
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Jörn Droste
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Physikalische Chemie , Corrensstraße 30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Festkörpertheorie , Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation , Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Felicitas Lips
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie , Corrensstraße 28-30 , 48149 Münster , Germany
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11
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirekte und direkte Anknüpfung von Übergangsmetallen an Silicoide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Kinga I. Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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12
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirect and Direct Grafting of Transition Metals to Siliconoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8532-8536. [PMID: 32092221 PMCID: PMC7317502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated charge‐neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) are important as gas‐phase intermediates between molecules and the elemental bulk. With stable zirconocene‐ and hafnocene‐substituted derivatives, we here report the first examples containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments that are readily accessible from the ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoid (1Li) and Cp2MCl2 (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands with pending tetrylene functionality were prepared by the reaction of amidinato chloro tetrylenes [PhC(NtBu)2]ECl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) with 1Li, thus confirming the principal compatibility of such low‐valent functionalities with the unsaturated Si6 cluster scaffold. The pronounced donor properties of the tetrylene/siliconoid hybrids allow for their coordination to the Fe(CO)4 fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kinga I Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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13
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Kudo T, Schmidt MW, Matsunaga N. Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study of the First Four Si/C Alternately Substituted Annulenes. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4588-4598. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kudo
- Division of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Michael W. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2030, United States
| | - Nikita Matsunaga
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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14
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Heider Y, Poitiers NE, Willmes P, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Site-selective functionalization of Si 6R 6 siliconoids. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4523-4530. [PMID: 31057782 PMCID: PMC6482874 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc05591b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in the synthesis of partially substituted neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) revealed unique structures and electronic anisotropies that are reminiscent of bulk and nano surfaces of silicon. Here, we report the selective 2-lithiation of the global minimum Si6R6 siliconoid at a different vertex than in the previously reported isomeric 4-lithiated derivative (R = 2,4,6- i Pr3C6H2). In order to enable an intuitive distinction of the vertices of the global minimum Si6R6 scaffold (which can be considered the silicon analogue of benzene in terms of thermodynamic stability), we introduce a novel nomenclature in analogy to the ortho-meta-para nomenclature of disubstituted benzenes. By treatment of the 2-lithiated Si6 cluster with Me3SiCl, SiCl4 H3B·SMe2, (Me2N)2PCl as well as with carboxylic acid chlorides RCOCl (R = t Bu, Ph) various 2-functionalized Si6 clusters were obtained and characterized in solution and - in most cases - the solid state. The structural and spectroscopic effect of the position of the newly introduced functional group is discussed by comparison to the corresponding 4-functionalized derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Nadine E Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Kinga I Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany .
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15
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Nakamura T, Kudo T. The planarity of heteroatom analogues of benzene: Energy component analysis and the planarization of hexasilabenzene. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:581-590. [PMID: 30575087 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
There are various nonplanar heteroatom analogues of benzene-cyclic 6π electron systems-and among them, hexasilabenzene (Si6 H6 ) is well known as a typical example. To determine the factors that control their planarity, quantum chemical calculations and an energy component analysis were performed. The results show that the energy components mainly controlling the planarity of benzene and hexasilabenzene are different. For hexasilabenzene, electron repulsion energy was found to be significantly important for the planarity. The application of the pseudo Jahn-Teller effect and the Carter-Goddard-Malrieu-Trinquier model for the interpretation of the planarity of the benzene analogues was also investigated. Furthermore, based on the quantitative results, it was revealed that the planarization of hexasilabenzene is realized by introducing substituents with π-accepting ability, such as the boryl group, that bring about a reduction of the π-electron repulsion on the silicon skeleton. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Nakamura
- Devision of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
| | - Takako Kudo
- Devision of Pure and Applied Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
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16
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Sumiya Y, Maeda S. Designing the Backbone of Hexasilabenzene Derivatives with a High Unimolecular Kinetic Stability. Chemistry 2018; 24:12264-12268. [PMID: 29663547 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is an important subject to theoretically predict the kinetic stability of transient species. In this study, we have studied the kinetic stability of hexasilabenzene Si6 H6 and its derivatives, that is, decasilanaphthalene Si10 H8 and Li-substituted hexasilabenzene Si6 Li6 , theoretically by the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method combined with the rate constant matrix contraction (RCMC) method. Molecular design was further conducted to extend the unimolecular lifetime of hexasilabenzene derivatives. Although both Si10 H8 and Si6 Li6 were shown to possess shorter lifetimes than Si6 H6 , we found that the lifetimes of Si6 Li6 changed depending on arrangements of Li atoms around the monocyclic Si6 backbone. Based on this knowledge, we found that a compound of an atomic composition Si6 H4 Li2 with a planar, monocyclic Si6 backbone has a relatively long unimolecular lifetime. Moreover, substitution of the two Li atoms by Na atoms further increased the lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sumiya
- Graduate School of Chemical, Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Unsaturated silicon clusters are key intermediates of silicon deposition processes from the gas phase, which is reflected in the recently introduced term "siliconoids" for silicon rich clusters with at least one hemispheroidally coordinated vertex. Unlike the case of metalloid clusters of heavier Group 14 elements, stable homonuclear derivatives containing silicon have become available just recently. This review summarizes the developments since the first report on a stable unsaturated silicon cluster in 2005. The synthesis, structure and reactivity under retention of the unsaturated vertices (i.e. the functionalization) of stable siliconoids is discussed within the broader context of soluble Zintl anions of silicon and metalloid clusters. A structural parameter is introduced as a quantitative measure to characterize the "hemispheroidality" of an unsubstituted vertex of a siliconoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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18
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Zhang X, Lundell KA, Olson JK, Bowen KH, Boldyrev AI. Electronic Transmutation (ET): Chemically Turning One Element into Another. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Katie A. Lundell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Jared K. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
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19
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Li Y, Li J, Zhang J, Song H, Cui C. Isolation of R6Si6 Dianion: A Bridged Tricyclic Isomer of Dianionic Hexasilabenzene. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1219-1222. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibin Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Theoretical molecular design of hexasilabenzene analogues aiming for the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilization. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Reinhold CRW, Dong Z, Winkler JM, Steinert H, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. A One-Step Germole to Silole Transformation and a Stable Isomer of a Disilabenzene. Chemistry 2017; 24:848-854. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Crispin R. W. Reinhold
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Zhaowen Dong
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Jan M. Winkler
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Henning Steinert
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg; Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26129 Oldenburg Germany
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22
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Zapp N, Rohe K, Ye R, Scheschkewitz D, Springborg M. Spherical aromaticity in C-, Si-, and Ge-containing compounds. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Yang Y, Mosquera MA, Skinner K, Becerra AE, Shamamian V, Schatz GC, Ratner MA, Marks TJ. Electronic Structure and Potential Reactivity of Silaaromatic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9476-9488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Martín A. Mosquera
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kwan Skinner
- Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan 48686, United States
| | | | | | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Ohno K. Study of Potential Energy Surfaces towards Global Reaction Route Mapping. CHEM REC 2016; 16:2198-2218. [PMID: 27059804 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy surface (PES) is just a theoretical construct based on the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, but it underlies various phenomena, including molecular vibrations, collisional ionizations, and chemical reactions. This account describes how a new idea for global reaction route mapping (GRRM), which had seemed to be impossible for chemical systems with more than three atoms, was born and has been developed during the course of the study of the PES. GRRM has pioneered new fields of chemistry. Furthermore, techniques for GRRM are still developing, and GRRM is further extending its application to various areas of chemistry and chemical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Ohno
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-0022, Japan.
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25
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Willmes P, Leszczyńska K, Heider Y, Abersfelder K, Zimmer M, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Isolierung und vielseitige Derivatisierung eines ungesättigten anionischen Siliciumclusters (Silicoid). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - Kinga Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - Kai Abersfelder
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Professur für Allgemeine und Anorganische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Am Markt, Zeile 1 66123 Saarbrücken-Dudweiler Deutschland
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26
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Willmes P, Leszczyńska K, Heider Y, Abersfelder K, Zimmer M, Huch V, Scheschkewitz D. Isolation and Versatile Derivatization of an Unsaturated Anionic Silicon Cluster (Siliconoid). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2907-10. [PMID: 26800440 PMCID: PMC4770444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The characteristic features of bulk silicon surfaces are echoed in the related partially substituted—and thus unsaturated—neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids). The incorporation of siliconoids into more‐extended frameworks is promising owing to their unique electronic features, but further developments in this regard are limited by the notable absence of functionalized siliconoid derivatives until now. Herein we report the isolation and full characterization of the lithium salt of an anionic R5Si6‐siliconoid, thus providing the missing link between silicon‐based Zintl anions and siliconoid clusters. Proof‐of‐principle for the high potential of this species for the efficient transfer of the intact unsaturated R5Si6 moiety is demonstrated by clean reactions with representative electrophiles of Groups 13, 14, and 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Willmes
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - Kinga Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - Yannic Heider
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - Kai Abersfelder
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair for General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, Am Markt, Zeile 1, 66123, Saarbrücken-Dudweiler, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
This Review article deals with the synthesis and properties of inorganic hydrocarbon analogues: binary chemical species that contain heavier Group 14 elements (Si, Ge, Sn or Pb) and hydrogen as components. Rapid advances in our general knowledge of these species have enabled the development of industrially relevant processes such as the hydrosilylation of unsaturated substrates and the chemical vapor deposition of semi-conducting films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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28
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Torres-Vega JJ, Vásquez-Espinal A, Beltran MJ, Ruiz L, Islas R, Tiznado W. Li7(BH)5+: a new thermodynamically favored star-shaped molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19602-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The feasibility of stabilizing a new star-shaped molecule, the Li7(BH)5+, is demonstrated by anin silicoinvestigation, combining DFT andAb initiomethods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Maria J. Beltran
- Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Lina Ruiz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rafael Islas
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - William Tiznado
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
- Chile
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29
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Maeda S, Taketsugu T, Morokuma K, Ohno K. Anharmonic Downward Distortion Following for Automated Exploration of Quantum Chemical Potential Energy Surfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20140189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Keiji Morokuma
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
- Institute for Quantum Chemical Exploration
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30
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Tsurusaki A, Iizuka C, Otsuka K, Kyushin S. Cyclopentasilane-fused hexasilabenzvalene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 135:16340-3. [PMID: 24144184 DOI: 10.1021/ja409074m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopentasilane-fused hexasilabenzvalene 1 was synthesized by the reduction of tetrachlorocyclopentasilane 6 in 19% yield as a green powder. The molecular structure and properties of 1 were studied by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Theoretical calculations of the model and real molecules of 1 and their structural isomers 12–16 suggest that the linkage of the central hexasilabenzvalene moiety with trisilane chains and the introduction of tert-butyl groups affect their relative energies.
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31
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Marutheeswaran S, Pancharatna PD, Balakrishnarajan MM. Preference for a propellane motif in pure silicon nanosheets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11186-90. [PMID: 24817418 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01286k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free standing silicene nanosheets remain elusive presumably due to the instability associated with sp(2) hybridized silicon atoms. Here we show that silicon prefers nanosheets based on the non-classical Si5 unit with a [1.1.1]-propellane motif that has two inverted tetrahedral atoms bridged by three tetrahedral atoms. DFT calculations show that nanosheets constructed exclusively from propellane building blocks are consistently more stable than those with sp(2) silicon atoms or their hybrids. These nanosheets also exhibit a narrow but definite band gap, unlike those reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marutheeswaran
- Chemical Information Sciences lab, Department of chemistry, Pondicherry university, Puducherry, 605014, India.
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32
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Olson JK, Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI. All-Nitrogen Analogue of Ozone: Li3N3Species. Chemistry 2014; 20:6636-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Nagase S. Theory and Calculations of Molecules Containing Heavier Main Group Elements and Fullerenes Encaging Transition Metals: Interplay with Experiment. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Universtiy
| | - Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku Universtiy
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35
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Sindlinger CP, Wesemann L. Hydrogen abstraction from organotin di- and trihydrides by N-heterocyclic carbenes: a new method for the preparation of NHC adducts to tin(ii) species and observation of an isomer of a hexastannabenzene derivative [R6Sn6]. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes are shown to cleanly abstract dihydrogen from organotin di- and trihydrides to intermediately form the reactive stannylene species [R2Sn] and [R′SnH], respectively, which undergo further reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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36
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Benedek Z, Szilvási T, Veszprémi T. Molecular tailoring: a possible synthetic route to hexasilabenzene. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:1184-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Szilvási T, Veszprémi T. Molecular Tailoring: Substituent Design for Hexagermabenzene. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4002507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szilvási
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE), Szent Gellért
tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Veszprémi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE), Szent Gellért
tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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38
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Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI. Si6–nCnH6 (n = 0–6) Series: When Do Silabenzenes Become Planar and Global Minima? J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9591-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp307722q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S. Ivanov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main
Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main
Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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39
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Szilvási T, Veszprémi T. Molecular Tailoring: Reaction Path Control with Bulky Substituents. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE), Szent Gellért tér 4, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Veszprémi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BUTE), Szent Gellért tér 4, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Ivanov AS, Boldyrev AI. Reliable predictions of unusual molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:15943-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42877f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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Jutzi P. Low-Valent Silicon in Formally Antiaromatic Four-Membered Ring Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:9020-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Abersfelder K, White AJP, Berger RJF, Rzepa HS, Scheschkewitz D. A Stable Derivative of the Global Minimum on the Si6H6 Potential Energy Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:7936-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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43
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Abersfelder K, White AJP, Berger RJF, Rzepa HS, Scheschkewitz D. Ein stabiles Derivat des globalen Minimums der Si6H6-Potentialhyperfläche. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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45
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Gerdes C, Müller T. Neuigkeiten vom Silicium - ein Isomer des Hexasilabenzols und eine Metall-Silicium-Dreifachbindung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Gerdes C, Müller T. News from Silicon: An Isomer of Hexasilabenzene and A Metal-Silicon Triple Bond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4860-2. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201001558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Iwamoto T, Ohnishi N, Gui Z, Ishida S, Isobe H, Maeda S, Ohno K, Kira M. Synthesis and structure of stable base-free dialkylsilanimines. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00121j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Maeda S, Ohno K, Morokuma K. An Automated and Systematic Transition Structure Explorer in Large Flexible Molecular Systems Based on Combined Global Reaction Route Mapping and Microiteration Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:2734-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ct9003383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan, and Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Koichi Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan, and Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research Institute, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan, and Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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