1
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Fernando S, Landrini M, Macchioni A, Hughes DL, Budzelaar PHM, Rocchigiani L. Tweaking the bridge in metallocene Zr(IV)/W(IV) bimetallic hydrides. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:394-408. [PMID: 36519954 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zirconocene cations react with Cp2WH2 affording the bimetallic [Cp2Zr(μ-H)(μ-η1:η5-C5H4)WHCp]+ bridging hydride 1 (Cp = cyclopentadienyl anion, C5H5-) via σ-bond metathesis. Complex 1 features an atypical out of plane Zr(μ-H)W moiety, where no intermetallic interaction is involved, and a fluxional core. Coordination geometry and bond distances of the bridging hydride interaction can be modulated upon reaction with Lewis bases and unsaturated substrates. PMe3, P(p-tol)3, 3,5-dimethylpyridine and THF bind to 1 and shift the hydride bridge on the coordination plane of Zr. Insertion of olefins and alkynes into the Zr-C bond of 1 leads instead to alkyl and vinyl species where the Zr and W coordination planes are perpendicular to each other. Such alterations of the Zr(μ-H)W arrangement are reflected in the average 1H NMR chemical shift values of the hydride, which correlate linearly with computed Zr-H distances. Reactivity experiments with H2 showed that the bridging hydride interaction prevents bimetallic cooperativity and that σ-bond metathesis between Zr-C and H-H bonds is the preferred pathway for all the investigated complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwin Fernando
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK
| | - Martina Landrini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - David L Hughes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia, I-80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and CIRCC, University of Perugia, I-06123, Perugia, Italy.
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2
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Zhou DY, Miura-Akagi PM, McCarty SM, Guiles CH, O'Donnell TJ, Yoshida WY, Krause CE, Rheingold AL, Hughes RP, Cain MF. P-Alkynyl functionalized benzazaphospholes as transmetalating agents. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:599-611. [PMID: 33403375 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01367f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of 10π-electron benzazaphosphole 1 to HCl, followed by nucleophilic substitution with the Grignard reagent BrMgCCPh afforded alkynyl functionalized 3 featuring an exocyclic -C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ph group with an elongated P-C bond (1.7932(19) Å). Stoichiometric experiments revealed that treatment of trans-Pd(PEt3)2(Ar)(i) (Ar = p-Me (C) or p-F (D)) with 3 generated trans-Pd(PEt3)2(Ar)(CCPh) (Ar = p-Me (E) or p-F (F)), 5, which is the result of ligand exchange between P-I byproduct 4 and C/D, and the reductively eliminated product (Ar-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-Ph). Cyclic voltammetry studies showed and independent investigations confirmed 4 is also susceptible to redox processes including bimetallic oxidative addition to Pd(0) to give Pd(i) dimer 6-Pd2-(P(t-Bu)3)2 and reduction to diphosphine 7. During catalysis, we hypothesized that this unwanted reactivity could be circumvented by employing a source of fluoride as an additive. This was demonstrated by conducting a Sonogashira-type reaction between 1-iodotoluene and 3 in the presence of 10 mol% Na2PdCl4, 20 mol% P(t-Bu)Cy2, and 5 equiv. of tetramethylammonium fluoride (TMAF), resulting in turnover and the isolation of Ph-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-(o-Tol) as the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Y Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Preston M Miura-Akagi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Sierra M McCarty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Celeste H Guiles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Timothy J O'Donnell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Wesley Y Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
| | - Colleen E Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, Connecticut 06117, USA
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Russell P Hughes
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Matthew F Cain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
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3
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Ramazanov IR, Kadikova RN, Amirova AK, Dzhemilev UM. A New Method for the Synthesis of Diphosphine Dioxides with a 1,3-Butadiene Spacer from 1-Phosphinyl-2-arylacetylenes Using the Cp2ZrCl2–EtAlCl2–Mg System. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500820100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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Rosenthal U. Recent Synthetic and Catalytic Applications of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis at the University of Rostock Albert‐Einstein‐Str. 29A 18059 Rostock Germany
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5
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Bando M, Nakajima K, Song Z, Takahashi T. Metal-dependent regioselective homocoupling of stannyl- and alkyl-substituted alkynes on group 4 elements. Formation of unsymmetrical titanacyclopentadienes and symmetrical zircona-cyclopentadienes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:13912-13915. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Homocoupling of stannyl- and alkyl-substituted alkynes with Cp2TiBu2 gave unsymmetrical titanacyclopentadienes with >95% regioselectivities, whereas the coupling with Cp2ZrBu2 provided symmetrical zirconacyclopentadienes with >93% selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Bando
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Life Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Aichi University of Education
- Igaya, Kariya
- Japan
| | - Zhiyi Song
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Life Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Tamotsu Takahashi
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Life Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie L. Colebatch
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research
School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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7
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Ramazanov IR, Kadikova RN, Saitova ZR, Dzhemilev UM. A Route to 1-Alkenylphosphine Derivatives via the Zr-Catalyzed Reaction of 1-Alkynylphosphines with Triethylaluminum. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilfir R. Ramazanov
- Catalytic Synthesis Laboratory; Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Rita N. Kadikova
- Catalytic Synthesis Laboratory; Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Zukhra R. Saitova
- Catalytic Synthesis Laboratory; Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Usein M. Dzhemilev
- Catalytic Synthesis Laboratory; Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis of Russian Academy of Sciences; 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
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8
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9
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Altenburger K, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Rosenthal U. Reactions of Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with Bis(tert-butoxy)acetylene - Coordination and C-O Bond Cleavage. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201500529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Kondrasenko I, Kisel KS, Karttunen AJ, Jänis J, Grachova EV, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Alkynylphosphane Ligands: Structural, Photophysical, and Theoretical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201403053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kondrasenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland, http://www.uef.fi/fi/kemia/kemia
| | - Kristina S. Kisel
- Department of Chemistry, St.‐Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia, http://tmc‐lab.chem.spbu.ru/
| | | | - Janne Jänis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland, http://www.uef.fi/fi/kemia/kemia
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- Department of Chemistry, St.‐Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia, http://tmc‐lab.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Department of Chemistry, St.‐Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St Petersburg, Russia, http://tmc‐lab.chem.spbu.ru/
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland, http://www.uef.fi/fi/kemia/kemia
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11
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Altenburger K, Baumann W, Spannenberg A, Arndt P, Rosenthal U. Coordination Behavior and Reactivity of α‐Heterosubstituted Trimethylsilylalkynes at Titano‐ and Zirconocene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Altenburger
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, http://www.catalysis.de
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, http://www.catalysis.de
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, http://www.catalysis.de
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, http://www.catalysis.de
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert‐Einstein‐Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany, http://www.catalysis.de
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12
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Zhao J, Zhang S, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Coordination-induced skeletal rearrangements of zirconacyclobutene–silacyclobutene fused complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Àrias Ò, Petrov AR, Bannenberg T, Altenburger K, Arndt P, Jones PG, Rosenthal U, Tamm M. Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with Diaminoacetylenes: Formation of Unusual Metallacycles and Fulvene Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500121p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Àrias
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alex R. Petrov
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kai Altenburger
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut
für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische
und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring
30, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Uhl W, Appelt C, Backs J, Westenberg H, Wollschläger A, Tannert J. Al/P-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Limitations of Their Synthesis by Hydroalumination and Formation of Dialkylaluminum Hydride Adducts. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om4012246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Uhl
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Appelt
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Backs
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hauke Westenberg
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Agnes Wollschläger
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens Tannert
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie der Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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15
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Haehnel M, Hansen S, Schubert K, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Rosenthal U. Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Group 4 Metallocene Bis(diphenylphosphino)acetylene Complexes—A Reactivity and Bonding Study. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17556-65. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Haehnel
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sven Hansen
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathleen Schubert
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut
für
Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str.
29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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16
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Melen RL, Lough AJ, Stephan DW. Boron azides in Staudinger oxidations and cycloadditions. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:8674-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50791b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Berenguer JR, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Montaño P. Platinum(0) Complexes with Alkynylphosphane Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R. Berenguer
- Departamento de Química‐Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA‐CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain, Fax: +34‐941299621
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química‐Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA‐CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain, Fax: +34‐941299621
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química‐Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA‐CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain, Fax: +34‐941299621
| | - Patricia Montaño
- Departamento de Química‐Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA‐CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain, Fax: +34‐941299621
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18
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Gessner VH, Tannaci JF, Miller AD, Tilley TD. Assembly of macrocycles by zirconocene-mediated, reversible carbon-carbon bond formation. Acc Chem Res 2011; 44:435-46. [PMID: 21473633 DOI: 10.1021/ar100148g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds have attracted considerable attention in numerous applications, including host-guest chemistry, chemical sensing, catalysis, and materials science. A major obstacle, however, is the limited number of convenient, versatile, and high-yielding synthetic routes to functionalized macrocycles. Macrocyclic compounds have been typically synthesized by ring-closing or condensation reactions, but many of these procedures produce mixtures of oligomers and cyclic compounds. As a result, macrocycle syntheses are often associated with difficult separations and low yields. Some successful approaches that circumvent these problems are based on "self-assembly" processes utilizing reversible bond-forming reactions, but for many applications, it is essential that the resulting macrocycle be built with a strong covalent bond network. In this Account, we describe how zirconocene-mediated reductive couplings of alkynes can provide reversible carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions well-suited for this purpose. Zirconocene coupling of alkenes and alkynes has been used extensively as a source of novel, versatile pathways to functionalized organic compounds. Here, we describe the development of zirconocene-mediated reductive couplings as a highly efficient method for the preparation of macrocycles and cages with diverse compositions, sizes, and shapes. This methodology is based on the reversible, regioselective coupling of alkynes with bulky substituents. In particular, silyl substituents provide regioselective, reversible couplings that place them into the α-positions of the resulting zirconacyclopentadiene rings. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic studies, the mechanism of this coupling involves a stepwise process, whereby an insertion of the second alkyne influences regiochemistry through both steric and electronic factors. Zirconocene coupling of diynes that incorporate silyl substituents generates predictable macrocyclic products in very high yields. In the absence of significant steric repulsion, the macrocyclization appears to be entropically driven, thereby providing the smallest strain-free macrocyclic structure. The scope of the reaction has been explored by variation of the spacer group between the alkynyl substituents and by incorporation of functional and chiral groups into the macrocycle. The size and shape of the resulting macrocycles are largely determined by the length and geometry of the dialkyne spacer, especially in the case of terminal trimethylsilyl-substituted diynes. For example, linear, rigid diynes with four or fewer phenylene rings lead to trimeric macrocycles, whereas bent or flexible diynes produce dimers. Depending on the reaction conditions, functional groups (such as N-heterocycles and imines) are tolerated in zirconocene coupling reactions, and in selected cases, they can be used to influence the shape of the final macrocyclic product. More recently, Cp(2)Zr(pyr)(Me(3)SiC≡CSiMe(3)) has been employed as a more general zirconocene synthon; it affords higher yields and increased functional group tolerance. Functional groups can also be incorporated through transformation of the zirconacyclopentadiene products, with acid hydrolysis to the corresponding butadiene being the most efficient derivatization. Furthermore, construction of chiral macrocycles has been accomplished by stereoselective macrocyclizations, and triynes have been coupled into three-dimensional cage compounds. We also discuss various design factors, providing a perspective on the utility of zirconocene-mediated couplings in the assembly of macrocyclic and cage compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - John F. Tannaci
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Adam D. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
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19
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Kaleta K, Arndt P, Spannenberg A, Rosenthal U. Unusual bond activation processes in the reaction of group 4 cyclopentadienyl alkyne complexes with azobenzene. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Ekkert O, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Erker G. P−C Bond Activation Chemistry: Evidence for 1,1-Carboboration Reactions Proceeding with Phosphorus−Carbon Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:4610-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1110283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ekkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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21
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Zhang S, Zhang WX, Zhao J, Xi Z. Cleavage and reorganization of Zr-C/Si-C bonds leading to Zr/Si-N organometallic and heterocyclic compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:14042-5. [PMID: 20860395 DOI: 10.1021/ja1074932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The t-BuCN-stabilized zirconacyclopropene-azasilacyclopentadiene complexes 2 are generated in situ in high yields from the Si-tethered diynes, Cp(2)Zr(II) species, and 2 equiv of t-BuCN via a coordination-induced Zr-C/Si-C bond cleavage and reorganization. Complexes 2 have been demonstrated to be synthetically very useful. A variety of novel Zr/Si organo-bimetallic compounds and Si/N heterocyclic compounds, such as azasilacyclopentadienes, azasilacyclohexadienes, and allenylazazirconacycles, are obtained in high yields when complexes 2 are treated with ketones, carbodiimides, alkynes, elemental sulfur (S(8)), acid chlorides, or nitriles. In this chemistry, t-BuCN behaves as both an initiator and a brake/release handle to initiate and control the reaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoguang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ekkert O, Kehr G, Fröhlich R, Erker G. Phosphirenium-borate zwitterion: formation in the 1,1-carboboration reaction of phosphinylalkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10482-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kondoh A, Yorimitsu H, Oshima K. 1-Alkynylphosphines and their derivatives as key starting materials in creating new phosphines. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:398-409. [PMID: 20063344 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This Focus Review summarizes transformations of 1-alkynylphosphines and their derivatives directed toward the synthesis of new phosphines. Owing to the importance of organophosphines as ligands for transition metal catalysts, development of efficient methods for the synthesis of new phosphines is quite important. 1-Alkynylphosphines and their derivatives have been emerging as useful precursors for the creation of new phosphines. Chemical modifications of the carbon-carbon triple bonds, including nucleophilic addition and cycloaddition, lead to a wide range of new useful phosphines that are otherwise difficult to synthesize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Kondoh
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto-daigaku Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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