Kinetico-Mechanistic Insight into the Platinum-Mediated C−C Coupling of Fluorinated Arenes

Ligand-Mediated C-Br Oxidative Addition to Cycloplatinated(II) Complexes and Benzyl-Me C-C Bond Reductive Elimination from a Cycloplatinated(IV) Complex

Reaction of the Pt(II) complexes [PtMe₂(pbt)], 1a, (pbt = 2-(2-pyridyl)benzothiazole) and [PtMe(C^N)(PPh₂Me)] [C^N = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine (ppy), 1b, or deprotonated benzo[h]quinoline (bhq), 1c] with benzyl bromide, PhCH₂Br, is studied. The reaction of 1a with PhCH₂Br gave the Pt(IV) product complex [PtBr(CH₂Ph)Me₂(pbt)]. The major trans isomer is formed in a trans oxidative addition (2a), while the minor cis products (2a' and 2a″) resulted from an isomerization process. A solution of Pt(II) complex 1a in the presence of benzyl bromide in toluene at 70 °C after 7 days gradually gave the dibromo Pt(IV) complex [Pt(Br)₂Me₂(pbt)], 4a, as determined by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal XRD. The reaction of complexes 1b and 1c with PhCH₂Br gave the Pt(IV) complexes [PtMeBr(CH₂Ph)(C^N)(PPh₂Me)] (C^N = ppy; 2b; C^N = bhq, 2c), in which the phosphine and benzyl ligands are trans. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ruled out other isomers. Attempts to grow crystals of the cycloplatinated(IV) complex 2b yielded a previously reported Pt(II) complex [PtBr(ppy)(PPh₂Me)], 3b, presumably from reductive elimination of ethylbenzene. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to study the kinetics of reaction of Pt(II) complexes 1a-1c with benzyl bromide. The data are consistent with a second-order S_N2 mechanism and the first order in both the Pt complex and PhCH₂Br. The rate of reaction decreases along the series 1a ≫ 1c > 1b. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to support experimental findings and understand the formation of isomers.

Kinetico-mechanistic studies on the formation of seven-membered [C,N]-platinacycles: the effect of methyl or fluoro substituents on the aryl ancillary ligands

The reactions of dinuclear [Pt2(4-RC6H4)4(μ-SEt2)2] (R = Me or F), or mononuclear [Pt(4-RC6H4)2(SMe2)2] (R = Me or H), platinum(ii) compounds with imines of the general formula 2-X,6-YC6H3CH[double bond, length as m-dash]NCH2Ph (X = Br, Y = F; X = Cl, Y = F; X = Br, Y = H) produced seven-membered [C,N]-platinacycles. The reaction consists of the initial formation of cyclometallated platinum(iv) compounds followed by a three step process: reductive elimination, isomerisation of the resulting non-cyclometallated intermediate and a final cycloplatination process. Combined (1)H NMR and UV-Vis kinetico-mechanistic studies indicated that the rate determining step of the process depends on the nature of the aryl-Pt ligand (phenyl, p-tolyl or p-fluorophenyl).

A combined kinetico-mechanistic and computational study on the competitive formation of seven- versus five-membered platinacycles; the relevance of spectator halide ligands

The selective formation of seven- or five-membered platinacycles is kinetically directed by the nature of a spectator halido (X = Br, Cl) ligand on the Pt^II centre.

Reagent-dependent formation of C-C and C-F bonds in Pt complexes: an unexpected twist in the electrophilic fluorination chemistry

Cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes (C-P)Pt(Aryl)py undergo oxidative addition reaction upon treatment with electrophilic fluorination reagents, XeF(2) or N-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate, giving eventually products of C-C coupling. However, when aryl = mesityl, the two reagents give completely different products: the N-F salt still favors the C-C coupling reaction while XeF(2) gives the unprecedented benzylic fluorination of one of the ortho-methyl groups of the mesityl ligand.